烯效唑和密度对谷子产量及产量相关性状的影响

以豫谷17为研究材料,采用裂区设计,研究了密度和烯效唑喷施浓度及其互作对谷子产量及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度烯效唑对谷子有显著的增产作用,以30mg/L处理为佳;密度不同,谷子产量也有显著差异;烯效唑喷施浓度和密度的互作达极显著差异,以烯效唑30mg/L的喷施浓度和60.0万株/hm~2的密度配合最佳。随着密度的增加,单穗重和单穗粒重有所下降,喷施适当浓度的烯效唑可以缓解密度增加带来的负效应,以30mg/L处理表现最优。     

中单808单双株不同行株距对产量及效益的影响

为探索单株与双株的不同株行距对玉米产量及经济效益的影响,以中单808为试验材料,开展了试验。结果表明:单株种植单产均高于双株种植方式,但双株种植能节约投工2.96个/667m2,减少生产投入177.6元/667m2。净产值来看等行单株移栽最高,达1 283.53元/667m2,其次为宽窄行双株移栽。     

密度与行株距配置对秦优10号产量的影响

秦优10号是南通市2002年开始引进试验、示范、推广。多年表现出优质、高产、多抗的特性。为了探索秦优10号的配套栽培措施。根据南通市油菜生产实际情况,特组织了秦优10号密度与行株距配置试验,找出较为合理的密度与行株距配置,实现群体与个体协调发展。充分发挥秦优10号生产潜力,为大面积生产提供理论依据。     

种植密度和施肥对“茅梁1号”产量及其相关性状的影响

研究采用二因素随机区组实验设计方法,以酒用高粱"茅梁1号"为试验材料,进行田间栽培试验,来探索种植密度和施肥量对其产量及其相关性状的影响。结果表明,不同处理条件下的高粱单株产量和单产分别在29.67~46.67 g、261.80~519.70 kg/667m~2。种植密度对单株产量、群体产量和穗长都具有重要影响,单株产量随着密度的增大而减小,群体产量却显著提高;当种植密度为10000株/667m~2时与对照处理相比的增产效果最为明显,在57.20%~68.17%之间,当种植密度10000株/667 m~2、施肥量30kg/667 m~2时单产最高,但是对千粒重影响不显著。施肥对高粱单株产量、群体产量、穗长和千粒重的影响均不显著。     

阴雨寡照下种植密度对夏玉米产量及相关性状的影响

2010年和2011年,选用玉米品种聊玉21号,设置4个密度处理,研究了阴雨寡照条件下,种植密度对于夏玉米产量及相关性状的影响。2年试验结果表明,随着种植密度增加,子粒产量先增后降,聊玉21号在67500株/hm²时子粒产量最高,超过67500株/hm²则子粒产量显著下降。产量相关的性状也受到种植密度的影响,空秆率、秃尖长度等性状随密度的增加而增加;穗长、穗粗、穗拉数及千粒重等性状随种植密度的增加而减少,其中穗拉数和千粒重均随着种植密度的增加显著减少。     

不同密度对高坡红米相关农艺性状和产量的影响

本实验对高坡乡当地红米材料,采用随机区组设计,从分蘖动态、穗长、有效穗数等产量性状研究了不同密度对高坡红米产量的影响。结果表明:①密度为15 000穴/667m2的水平时的分蘖能力较强;②密度为15 000穴/667m2的水平时,其结实率、总粒数、单株产量均较其他水平的高,只有穗长、有效穗数较12 500穴/667m2的低,栽插密度间千粒重变化不明显,③综合所考察的各种性状和实际测产结果,认为高坡红米的密度为15 000穴/667m2的水平时,能达到最大效益。     

不同播期密度对甜荞麦农艺性状及产量的影响

为了探讨甜荞麦适宜的种植密度和播种期。以当地主栽品种为材料,在田间试验的基础上,通过设置种植密度（B₁：45万/hm²、B₂：75万/hm²、B₃：105万/hm²、B₄：135万/hm²）和播期（A₁：7月28日、A₂： 8月7日、A₃：8月27日）2个处理因素,研究种植密度和播期对甜荞麦农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：播种密度对甜荞麦生育期、株高、主茎分枝数和主茎节数的影响不显著,而不同播期对甜荞麦生育期、株高和主茎节数有较大影响。其中,8月27日(A₃)播种的生育期比7月28日(A₁)、8月7日(A₂)播种的生育期长10天左右,株高比A₁、A₂平均矮9 cm和12 cm,主茎节数相应减少3.8节和2.7节,差异达到显著水平,但对主茎分枝数的影响不显著。不同的播期、密度对甜荞麦的产量及产量构成因素均有较为显著的影响,各处理间差异达到显著水平,其中,产量最高的为A₁B₄处理,其产量为3997.55 kg/hm²,比产量最低的A₂B₁处理增产134.25%;A₁B₃、A₁B₄、A₂B₄处理的产量分别为3970.25、3997.55、3970.20 kg/hm²,是本试验中较高的产量,可见,105万/hm²~135万/hm²的播种密度和适当提早播期（7月底到8月上旬）能获得较高荞麦产量。     

不同密度对滴灌红籽瓜产量及相关性状的影响

通过对滴灌红籽瓜不同密度对比试验寻找其适合大型机械化作业的最佳密度,从而进一步探讨红籽瓜高产栽培技术,为指导大田生产服务。采用扩大行距,对留苗方式进行必要的调整,分别对3700、5550、7400株/667m²三种密度做了小区试验。结果以5550株/667m²取得了较高的产量和较好的品质。在此密度下单产达147.8 kg,达极显著水平。总结出适合新疆昌吉地区红籽瓜高产栽培的最佳密度为5550株/667 m²,其产量、植株生长、主要经济性状、干物质积累为最佳。     

群体密度和低氮对热带玉米产量相关性状的影响

在世界范围内，玉米普遍生长在低氮条件下。鉴定耐低氮的相关性状有助于建立胁迫条件下产量的间接选择和标记辅助选择体系。有人提出耐高密度植株群体是改良玉米胁迫耐性的一一种可供选择的育种策略。我们需要更好地了解耐高密度群体和低氮的机制。因此，本试验将优良的CIMMYT开放授粉品种（OPVs）、自交系、和杂种种植在最佳、高密度群体和低氮条件下。     

种植密度对油菜正反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响

高产抗倒不协调是油菜生产中最主要的矛盾,严重制约着油菜生产效益的进一步提高。在高密度、机械化生产模式下,这种矛盾尤为突出。受母系遗传的影响,杂交油菜的正、反交组合在产量与倒伏相关性状上常表现出明显差异,但种植密度对不同杂交组合这些关键性状的影响尚不明确。本研究针对浙油50、华航901及其正交(华航901×浙油50)与反交(浙油50×华航901)组合设置5个种植密度,考察其产量及倒伏相关性状并计算其杂种优势,研究种植密度对亲本及正、反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响,为当前高密度直播生产模式下杂交油菜亲本的选配提供依据。结果表明,随种植密度增加,亲本及正、反交组合的实际产量和经济系数均呈先增后降的趋势,且无论正、反交组合,其实际产量的动态变化规律均与父本更为接近;倒伏指数在两点随种植密度的变化规律不同,但无论正、反交组合,其倒伏指数的动态变化规律均与母本相一致。在西宁试点,杂交组合产量均具有明显的平均杂种优势,且正交组合比反交组合具有更大的杂种优势;正交组合具有一定的抗倒性杂种优势,但是反交组合无抗倒性杂种优势。综上所述,高密度直播生产模式下,杂交油菜亲本选配推荐方案以高产品种为父本,抗倒性强的品种为母本进行组配,可以获得高产、抗倒性强且更适宜密植的杂交油菜品种。     

不同株行配置与密度对油菜产量的影响

本文系统地研究了4种不同种植密度条件下,3种等行距、3种宽窄行共6种株行配置对油菜经济性状和产量的影响差异,结果表明：不同株行距配置方式对密度在15×104株/hm2油菜产量影响不显著,但对密度45×104株/hm2油菜影响达极显著水平,适宜株行距配置增产效果最高达到19.1%;认为20 cm~40 cm的行距配置有利于当前较高密度直播油菜的生产。     

新疆机采模式下棉花株行距配置对冠层结构指标及产量的影响

【目的】为了研究不同株行距配置对机采棉花冠层结构指标及产量的影响。【方法】在田间条件下,选用棉花杂交种鲁棉研24号和常规品种新陆早60号为供试材料,设置适宜机采的1膜3行等行距(76 cm+76cm+76 cm)低密度、1膜6行宽窄行(66 cm+10 cm)高密度及1膜3行等行距(76 cm+76 cm+76 cm)双株高密度3种配置方式进行试验。【结果】等行距低密度下,棉花生育前期生长旺盛,叶面积指数与光吸收率迅速增加至最高值;生育后期,叶面积指数及光吸收率下降幅度分别为10.4%~13.6%、3.7%~4.2%,低于其他两种处理,且干物质积累量较高。等行距低密度下杂交棉产量最高。【结论】等行距低密度下杂交棉实现高产的生理基础主要是:生育前期叶面积指数及光吸收率增长迅速,干物质积累较快;生育后期叶面积指数及光吸收率下降缓慢,能维持较高水平,光合生产能力较高,干物质积累量最大。     

Alternate Row Spacing and Plant Density Effects on Forage and Dry Matter Yield of Corn Hybrids (Zea mays L.)

Irrigated field experiments were conducted in the Marmara region of Turkey in 2002 and 2003 to compare alternate 40 : 25 cm row spacings and conventional 65 cm with four different plant densities (65 000, 85 000, 105 000 and 125 000 plants ha⁻¹) of three corn hybrids (DK-585, ADA 95–10 and C-955) in some morphological traits and forage and dry matter yield. Morphological traits such as plant height, leaf per plant, stem diameter, ear per plant and ear percentage were measured, forage and dry matter yield was also determined in this study. Hybrids, row spacings and plant densities significantly affected some morphological traits, forage and dry matter yield at 0.01 level. Later maturing hybrids tended to produce taller and thicker stemmed plants. Row spacings and plant densities did not affect plant height. Average stem diameter increased significantly with population density. Row spacings did not influence leaf number, whereas leaf number increased slightly with plant density. On average, all corn plants had slightly more than 1.0 ear per plant in our experiment. Row spacings and plant densities did not affect significantly number of ear per plant. Early maturing DK-585 had the highest ear percentage whilst late maturing C-955 lowest. Yields usually increased with hybrid maturity. When averaged across years, row spacings and plant densities, late maturing C-955 performed significantly better in forage and dry matter yield in all experimental years and combined years. The studies showed favourable advantage for alternate 40 : 25 cm rows over conventional 65 cm row spacings at all plant densities. Average forage and dry matter yields were greater for alternate 40 : 25 cm row spacings than for 65 cm row spacings. However, strong hybrid × row spacing interactions for both forage and dry matter yield were detected.     

不同密度与行距配置对紧凑型玉米产量效应的研究

以郑单958为试材,研究了不同密度和行距配置方式下玉米产量变化规律,结果表明：不同行距间、不同密度间及不同行距与密度互作间产量均存在极显著差异,适度增加密度可以提高产量,随行距的扩大产量有降低的趋势,对紧凑型玉米而言,产量不仅与种植密度密切相关,而且与种植方式也有一定关系。     

行距配置和种植密度对薏苡光合生理、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

为薏苡高产栽培提供参考依据,采用2 因素裂区设计,设置2 种行距（等行距、宽窄行）和4 种密度（7 万、6 万、5 万、4 万株/hm2）,研究不同的种植方式对薏苡花后光合生理、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明：宽窄行种植改善了薏苡的群体结构,提高了叶片光合性能和籽粒灌浆能力,与等行距种植的薏苡相比,4 种密度种植的薏苡产量分别提高7.87%、7.90%、7.87%和8.75%;种植密度对薏苡产量影响显著,2 种行距配置的薏苡都以种植密度为5 万株/hm2时产量最高,分别达到4544.1、4901.9 kg/hm2。薏苡的适宜种植密度为5万株/hm2,宽窄行种植是薏苡高产栽培的有效措施。     

密度及行距配置对‘丰油10号’生长发育、产量和品质的影响

为了探究‘丰油10号’在黄淮地区适宜的播种密度与行距配置。在河南省油菜主产区进行大田试验,比较不同种植密度及行距配置方式下,‘丰油10号’的物候期、叶片叶色值(specialty products agricultural division, SPAD)及开花期叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)、经济性状、产量和品质情况。结果表明：‘丰油10号’的生育期随着密度和行距的增大,逐渐缩短;叶片的SPAD值在蕾薹期和开花期随密度增大逐渐降低,随行距缩小而减小;植株LAI在开花期随着密度的增大先增后减,同一密度下,40 cm行距下较高;株高、一次有效分枝数、主花序的长度和角果数随密度的增加逐渐较小,分枝部位则升高,随行距的减小单株有效角果数下降,千粒重不受密度和行距配置的影响;籽粒产量和含油量随着种植密度的增加先增后减,籽粒产量在种植密度为42万株/hm²,40 cm行距下最高,为2734.6 kg/hm²,当行距缩小到20 cm,籽粒平均减产4.65%;籽粒芥酸和硫苷含量不随密度和行距改变发生变化。在其它栽培措施保持不变的情况下,建议‘丰油10号’在黄淮流域的种植密度控制在34.5万~49.5万株/hm²,行距设置为40 cm。     

机械化条件下“豆玉”不同行距配置和减肥对作物产量及大豆光合特性的影响

研究大田机械化条件下不同玉米-大豆间作模式下的群体产量及大豆的光合特性,为筛选适合河南省玉米-大豆的行距配置和减肥施用提供理论基础。设置行比和减肥2个因素,玉米单作、大豆单作为对照,其中行比设置玉米大豆行比2:4间作(2/4J)、玉米大豆行比4:4间作(4/4J)2个处理,减肥处理在上面行比处理上减量20%(2/4N、4/4N),研究了不同行距配置及减肥条件下的作物产量及大豆LAI、干质量、SPAD值及叶片光合速率的影响。2年试验结果表明,玉米处理2/4J、4/4J、2/4N、4/4N比单作减产,LAI、干物质、SPAD值和叶片光合速率均显著低于单作,但减氮前后比较,除LAI指标外,干质量、叶片光合速率(Pn)和SPAD值没有显著差异。建议河南玉米-大豆间作模式行距配置和施肥管理中,玉米大豆间作行比2:4(2/4J)减氮20%处理2/4N更增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量,提高间作效益。     

Effects of Row Spacing, Support Plant Species and Support Plant Mixture Ratio on Seed Yield and Yield Characteristics of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz)

The effects of row spacing (17.5 or 35.0 cm), support plant species (barley or triticale) and the proportion of crops in mixtures (no support plant or support plant 20, 40 or 60 %, respectively) on the seed yield and yield characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) were investigated. Increasing the row spacing increased the seed yield of V. pannonica from 881.0 to 1248.0 kg ha^?1. On average, in a pure stand the seed yield of V. pannonica was 1141.0 kg ha^?1. In mixtures with barley and triticale, the seed yield of V. pannonica averaged 986.0 and 1143.0 kg ha^?1, respectively. In single mixed stands the seed yield of V. pannonica varied between 551.0 kg ha^?1 (60 % support plant barley) and 1603.0 kg ha^?1 (20 % support plant triticale). The yield advantage of V. pannonica in this triticale mixture was 40 % compared to the V. pannonica pure stand. With respect to the total yield in the mixture with 20 % triticale (1902.0 kg ha^?1) the yield advantage over the V. pannonica pure stand was as high as 65.1 %. In the mixed stands the number of seeds per pod and the thousand‐seed weight of V. pannonica were higher than in V. pannonica pure stands.     

Effects of Population Density and Planting Pattern on the Yield and Yield Components of Leafy Reduced-Stature Maize in a Short-Season Area

Maize hybrids that yield well, mature earlier with low grain moisture contents, tolerate higher population densities and take advantage of narrow row spacings better than the currently available hybrids would be more suitable for production in short-season areas. Leafy reduced-stature maize hybrids, which have only recently been developed, have traits which address these criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different population densities (65 000 and 130000 plants ha^?1) and planting patterns (single rows 76 cm apart and paired rows with 20 cm between rows within a pair of 56 cm between rows of adjacent pairs) on the yield and yield components of two leafy reduced-stature (LRS1 and LRS2), one non-leafy reduced-stature (NLRS), and two conventional corn hybrids (Pioneer 3979, < 2500 CHU; and Pioneer 3902, 2600-2700 CHU) at two locations. All hybrids had higher kernel numbers per row and single plant grain yields at the lower population densities when in paired rows. However, as plant density increased, these variables decreased more in the conventional hybrids than the LRS and NLRS hybrids, which demonstrates the greater tolerance of the latter to the stresses associated with higher plant densities. Grain yield was higher for the two LRS hybrids and the NLRS hybrid at 130000 plants ha^?1 than 65 000 plants ha^?1 Grain yield of conventional hybrids was reduced at the higher population density. The LRS hybrids matured before both conventional hybrids and out yielded Pioneer 3979 at the higher plant population density in both row spacings at both sites. Harvest index was not affected by population density and this value was not different among the NLRS and conventional hybrids. However, the harvest index of the LRS hybrids was greater than the others. LRS and NLRS hybrids had lower moisture contents and earlier maturities than conventional hybrids. Rapid growth of the first ear and higher harvest index values might are indications that LRS hybrids are more tolerant of higher population densities than the conventional hybrids.     

旱作大豆播种密度对产量和水分利用效率的影响

为了提高旱作区大豆种植效益,充分利用当地降水资源,在甘肃东部地区开展播种密度对不同成熟期大豆品种产量及水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,不同类型大豆品种随播种密度增加,其主要经济性状单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重均呈下降趋势;播种密度对不同类型品种田间耗水量影响不显著;在播种密度9.0万株/hm²~27.0万株/hm²的范围内,晚熟品种‘汾豆78’、‘晋豆23’适宜种植密度为18.0万株/hm²,早熟品种‘中黄30’、‘晋豆19’适宜种植密度为22.5万株/hm²;适宜播种密度能够明显提高旱作区大豆籽粒产量和水分利用效率。