冬花椰菜的小孢子胚胎发生研究

应用花药培养技术在四个冬花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.botrytis)基因型中获得小孢子胚胎.培养基中加入硝酸银能明显促进胚胎发生.在含125mg/1硝酸银的培养基上胚产量最高.培养基中加入0.5g/1活性碳,能提高小孢子胚胎发生频率.另外在培养基中用琼脂糖代替琼脂,也能提高胚产量.     

番茄花药培养研究进展

对番茄花药培养中基因型、小孢子发育、培养基种类、碳源、激素种类和配比、添加物、预处理和培养条件等方面的国内外研究概况和进展做了综述。     

通过花药漂浮培养提高花椰菜小孢子胚胎发生率

通过花药漂浮培养,成功地诱导两个秋花椰菜基因型的小孢子胚胎发生.在液体培养基与固、液体双层培养基上,小孢子胚胎产量相仿,但后者褐色胚产生较多.在液体培养基中加入62.5mg/L的硝酸银对诱导小孢子胚胎发生效果较好.试验结果表明,采用花药漂浮培养方法可以明显提高花椰菜小孢子胚产量.     

辣椒花药培养研究新进展

介绍了辣椒花药培养的研究概况,对影响辣椒花药培养的各主要因素,如基因型、供体植株生长状况、花药发育时期、预处理、培养基及其成分、培养条件等进行了详细阐述。另外,针对辣椒花药培养机理作以简单介绍,对辣椒单倍体培养存在的问题和未来的研究方向作了展望     

几种抗生素对离体培养中植物形态发生的影响

抗生素羧苄青霉素(Carbenicillin),头孢霉素Ⅱ(Keflodin)和Claforan影响甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)游离小孢子培养胚胎发生,其浓度越高,影响越大.羧苄青霉素促进辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)子叶外植体愈伤组织发生,同时,还影响油菜小孢子胚再生植株及辣椒子叶再生株的生根,产生粗短根甚或发育为瘤状物.     

活性炭对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)小孢子胚胎发生的影响

试验以大田环境下的多份甘蓝型油菜的品种或品系为材料,研究了活性炭对游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响.结果表明:活性炭对甘蓝型油菜游离小孢子培养胚状体发生有很好的促进作用,不仅提高了胚产量,而且有利于小孢子胚的正常发育,添加活性炭的固液双层培养基效果尤为显著.     

活性炭对甘蓝型油菜（Brossica napus L．）小孢子胚胎发生的影响

试验以大田环境下的多份甘蓝型油菜的品种或品系为材料，研究了活性炭对游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响。结果表明：活性炭对甘蓝型油菜游离小孢子培养胚状体发生有很好的促进作用，不仅提高了胚产量，而且有利于小孢子胚的正常发育，添加活性炭的固液双层培养基效果尤为显著。     

基因型和供体植株生长环境对大白菜游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响

１７个用于大白菜常规育种的基因型在ＮＬＮ－１３液体培养基中进行游离小孢子培养，结果有１６个基因型经由小孢子胚胎发生途径获得小孢子胚。这些基因型包括从早熟晚熟的各种类型。各基因之间在小孢子胚胎发生频率方面存在很大差异，产量最高的两个基因型Ｔ１１和ＣＣ１１，平均每百花蕾分别达３５９２８和３４１３２个胚。供体植株生长环境对小孢子胚胎发生具有明显影响；在１０／２０℃（液／昼）的部分控温温室生长的供体植株，     

白芷小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性分析

目的：研究3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾形态和花药形态的相关性,以期直接从花蕾形态和花药形态判断小孢子的发育时期。方法：采用苯酚品红对白芷小孢子进行染色,对白芷小孢子发育的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花柄长、花蕾大小、花药直径、花蕾和花药颜色的关系进行研究。结果：白芷小孢子发育经过四分体时期、单核前期、单核中晚期、二核期和三核期共5个时期,各时期特征明显;3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态和花药颜色密切相关,其中以CX08-2的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度最大,其次为B-2,而B-6为最小;但单核中晚期与其相邻时期的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度未达到显著水平,花瓣颜色、花瓣是否开裂和花药颜色可以作为花药培养取材的直观依据。结论：通过花器官形态判断小孢子的发育时期可以为白芷花药培养接种材料的选择提供依据。     

白菜和卷心菜花药或小孢子培养中自然加倍的发生频率

本文调查了白菜花药和小孢子培养以及卷心菜花药培养所获得的再分化植物的多倍性。比较了白菜品种W1116和信玄花药培养及小孢子培养衍生的再分化植物中的二倍体出现频率，结果发现小孢子培养衍生的再分化植物的二倍体频率达60％，而花药培养衍生的再分化植物的二倍体频率仅为20-30％；并且在12个不同白菜品种和品系的小孢子培养所衍生的再分化植物中，二倍体的发生频率在38-85％范围。     

油菜小孢子培养影响因素及黄籽油菜双单倍体群体的构建

针对我国油菜小孢子培养供体材料一般种植在大田,受外界环境影响较大,出胚率较低的现状,对大田环境条件下小孢子培养的主要影响因素进行了研究。同时,为了构建黄籽油菜双单倍体群体,研究了黄籽油菜的出胚情况。结果表明,不同取样时间对小孢子胚状体再生频率的影响很大;秋水仙素处理游离小孢子对胚状体的诱导有一定的负面影响,浓度越高,影响越大;黄籽油菜的出胚率较低(0.56枚/皿),同样条件下,不到黑籽油菜的1/8。不同黄籽单株间出胚率差异较大,变异幅度在0.04~1.97枚/皿。采用小孢子苗直接移栽大田技术,移栽成活率达89.0%,经染色体加倍后,最终构建了含有127个株系的黄籽油菜双单倍体群体。     

油菜小孢子培养技术体系研究

小孢子培养在油菜的基础研究和应用研究中均具有十分重要的意义。自1982年Lichter首次在甘蓝型油菜中进行小孢子培养获得成功以来,国内外在油菜小孢子培养技术方面已取得大量研究成果,包括油菜小孢子胚状体发生的影响因素,小孢子植株的再生、成苗、大田移栽、染色体加倍等,近年来又对一些关键技术环节加以了改进,笔者在对这些研究成果进行总结的基础上针对中国国情建立了大田条件下油菜高效小孢子培养技术体系。用该体系对甘蓝型油菜和新疆野生油菜的体细胞杂种后代进行小孢子培养的出胚率达到300枚/皿以上,采用小孢子苗直接移栽大田技术,成活率达到89.0%。此外还成功构建了含127个DH系的黄籽油菜DH群体及含115个DH系的粒重分离群体。     

甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子培养研究进展

综述了甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子培养中有关取样、选样、胚胎发生以及影响胚胎发生的关键因素、植株再生等方面的研究进展,并指出了目前甘蓝类小孢子培养所存在的问题及解决方法。     

油菜小孢子培养和双单倍体育种研究 Ⅰ.供体植株和小孢子密度对小孢子培养的影响

在油菜小孢子培养中,通过对供体植株两种生长状况和在NLN液体培养基中三种小孢子密度的研究表明,来自生长室的供体植株,每天摘除将开放的花朵,使其停留在蕾期阶段,油菜花蕾中处于单核期至双核期的小孢子同步化程度高,单核期小孢子核质比大,增长速度快,小孢子成胚的百分率高。平均每毫升NLN液体培养基中接种1个花蕾的小孢子的处理,成胚率最高,而且胚的分化较快。     

Effect of activated charcoal on Brassica oleracea microspore culture embryogenesis

The effect of the addition of a 0.1 ml drop of activated charcoal (AC) on microspore culture embryogenesis was studied in nine morphotypes of Brassica oleracea. Embryo yields were significantly increased in all of the morphotypes by the addition of the 0.1 ml drop of AC to the microspore culture media. The magnitude of the response to the addition of AC varied with the different plants and morphotypes. The addition of AC never produced a detrimental effect. A qualitative improvement of the subsequent development of embryos to plants was also observed with the addition of AC. Data suggest that the addition of AC to microspore culture media promoted embryo production in different B. oleracea morphotypes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Efficient production of callus-derived doubled haploids through isolated microspore culture in eggplant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum melongena</Emphasis> L.)

Production of doubled haploids (DHs) through androgenesis induction is an important biotechnological tool for plant breeding. In some species, DHs are efficiently obtained through embryogenesis from isolated microspore cultures. In eggplant, however, this process is still at its infancy, despite the economic relevance of this important agricultural crop. To date, only two studies have focused previously on this process, suggesting that in eggplant microspore cultures, the only morphogenic response is callus formation. Given the notable lack of studies on eggplant microspore cultures, in this work we explored this process with different experimental approaches. We studied the response of different cultivars and characterized the development of microspores induced to divide and proliferate. We demonstrated that microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) can be produced in eggplant; however, MDEs stopped at the globular stage, to turn into euploid and principally mixoploid calli. From these calli, 60 % of DH plants could be regenerated. In order to promote microspore induction we evaluated the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and mannitol. PEG, but not mannitol, significantly increased induction of microspore embryogenesis. We also tested the ability of eight different media compositions to promote efficient plant regeneration from calli. In order to test it in a genotype-independent manner, we previously developed a method to generate clonal callus populations derived from single microspore-derived calli. Together, the results presented hereby constitute an efficient way to produce eggplant DHs through microspore culture. In addition, they contribute significant insights into the knowledge of the particularities of androgenesis induction in this species.     

Optimization of culture conditions for improved plant regeneration efficiency from wheat microspore culture

The production of haploid plants through microspore culture is a very important tool for plant breeding. However, progress in microspore culture for many species has been hampered by a number of factors that have resulted in low recovery of regenerated green plants. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to increase the regeneration of haploid green plants from isolated wheat microspores. The use of different basal media and variations in media components resulted in the increased recovery (approximately double) of regenerated haploid wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that CHB medium, in combination with 2,4-d, was a better medium for embryoids induction and plant regeneration than medium MC17 with either 2,4-d or PAA growth hormones. Wheat microspores cultured without ovary co-cultivation did not respond. Furthermore, high efficiency of microspore derived embryoids (up to 296 MDEs per 100 anthers) and green plant regeneration (up to 71 green plants per 100 anthers) were achieved by the use of gelrite instead of agarose as a gelling agent, and by the addition of media additives such as spent medium or MET.     

Effect of donor plant age and inflorescence age on microspore culture of Brassica napus L.

Summary Effect of age of donor plants and age of inflorescence on embryogenesis in microspore culture of B. napus was examined. Microspores isolated from buds of older plants had a higher embryo yield than those of younger ones. The effect of the age of inflorescence showed a different pattern. In older plants, a higher embryogenesis response was observed in microspores isolated from buds of new inflorescences, while in young plants, microspores isolated from buds of old inflorescences showed high embryo yield. These different responses were considered to be attributable to a difference in the developmental stage of pollen at the time of microspore isolation. Our results indicated that microspores collected from older inflorescences and older plants have sufficient embryogenic potential when the optimum developmental stage of pollen was used. Frequency of embryo to plant conversion was influenced by the size of embryos subcultured, but not by donor plant age or the age of the inflorescence.     

换培养液和秋水仙碱处理对白菜型油菜小孢子胚胎发生的影响

选用对小孢子培养反应较好的白菜型油菜地方品种（茅山种）为供体材料,研究了换培养液和秋水仙碱直接处理分离小孢子对胚产量的影响,并分析了秋水仙碱直接处理小孢子所获再生植株的染色体倍性水平。结果表明,分离小孢子在10％蔗糖浓度的NLN-10培养基上培养2 d后换成新鲜培养液,能显著提高出胚产量,比不换培养液的胚产量