稻鸭共育生态栽培模式配套频振式诱蛾灯物理杀虫技术应用效果研究

稻鸭共育生态栽培配套频振式诱蛾灯物理杀虫技术应用示范表明,该项技术对稻田有害生物控效明显,稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、稻飞虱及纹枯病都未出现危害高峰期,对杂草的防除效果更为显著,免去了除草剂的使用,减少了化学农药的施用量;与传统的栽培方式比较,早、晚稻增产率分别为5.7%和5.6%,两季合计每公顷增收4 665元.     

不同药剂防治二化螟药效比较

水稻二化螟是水稻生长中后期的主要害虫，近年来一直大发生，二化螟在稻田发生时间很长，往往有多个峰次，大龄幼虫转株危害的时间也不一致。在田间二化螟较重发生，而且龄期不一致的情况下使用持效期短的农药，在二化螟幼虫孵化高峰至钻人稻株前施药效果较好，但在二化螟钻入稻株危害形成大量枯心苗的情况下使用效果不佳，对水稻的增产增收构成极大威胁。     

利用性诱剂防治水稻二化螟试验初报

在吉林省海龙镇对利用性诱剂防治水稻二化螟成虫进行了试验研究,结果表明:试验期间二化螟诱捕器共诱杀二化螟成虫927头,二化螟性诱剂防治田白穗率为0.36%,对照田白穗率为0.85%。二化螟性诱剂田间防治效果为57.6%,对二化螟的防治效果不理想,原因为二化螟性诱剂释放面积太小。     

四种杀虫剂防治二化螟田间药效试验

二化螟是晋安区水稻的主要害虫之一。一年发生 4代 ,近年来随着农业种植业生产结构的调整 ,稻田也从单一中稻演变成了再生稻、早中稻、单晚稻 ,播插期相距 30～ 50ｄ ,造成田间插花 ,为二化螟各世代幼虫发育生存创造了良好的环境 ,造成田间世代重叠严重 ,防治不及时的田块 ,枯鞘率可达到 30 %～ 50 % ,白穗率可达 13%～ 37%。目前 ,防治二化螟常以杀虫双、三唑磷、甲胺磷为主 ,由于这些药剂存在着高毒、持效短、害虫的抗药性、防治效果明显下降、对天敌杀伤大、易诱发稻飞虱猖獗等缺点。本试验的目的是为了寻求防治二化螟高效、低毒的新药剂…     

纳米农药防治水稻二化螟效果初探

近年来,二化螟在宁波市水稻上逐年加重发生。为明确纳米水性制剂（以下简称“纳米农药”）对二化螟的防治效果,在二化螟防治适期,选择甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐传统制剂和纳米制剂、乙多·甲氧虫、乙基多杀菌素、四唑虫酰胺共5种杀虫剂开展田间药效试验。结果表明,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐纳米制剂施药14 d后的枯心防效和杀虫防效分别在80%和85%以上,且保产效果更佳,挽回损失率达44%～45%,防效及挽回损失率均极显著高于5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐传统制剂。     

云南河口地区香蕉炭疽病的发生危害动态研究初报

依据河口县的地形地貌特征,分东部、西部及中南部并采用定点监测、分级调查法对香蕉炭疽病的发生危害动态进行研究。结果表明：香蕉炭疽病在河口地区1～3月基本维持较低的危害水平,4月初开始发病,8～12月中旬处于危害的高峰值,12月份后逐渐下降;全年月平均危害率达38.44%,月平均危害指数0.81,处于危害率较高的水平;西部地区与东部、中南部地区的差异达到显著水平,月平均危害率西部地区(49.61%)＞中南部地区(35%)＞东部地区(30.72%);不同海拔对香蕉炭疽病的田间发生危害有一定影响, 但未达显著水平     

转cry1Ac和CpTI双基因抗虫水稻对二化螟和大螟的致死效应及田间螟虫构成的影响

就转cry1Ac＋CpTI双基因抗虫水稻不同生育期对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和大螟Sesamia inferens的室内致死特性及田间螟虫的构成进行了研究。室内测定结果表明,不同生育期转基因水稻对二化螟、大螟都表现明显的致死效应,但水稻生长后期的致死效果降低。转基因水稻对大螟的致死效应显著弱于对二化螟的,其中,二化螟除在齐穗期和成熟期有少量幼虫（0.5%~6.4%）存活到第4天外,其余均在第4天死亡;大螟在两种转基因水稻上的存活率高于二化螟,且少量个体（<1.6%）还能化蛹、羽化,但化蛹率和羽化率均明显低于在非转基因对照上的。早、晚两季水稻的田间调查结果表明,转基因水稻上两种螟虫虫口数量均显著低于相应的非转基因对照品种,转基因水稻上二化螟虫口减退率>99％;大螟虫口减退率相对较低,早、晚稻上有所不同,其中早稻 >93％,晚稻仅44％～64％。转基因水稻上残存螟虫中,大螟所占比例明显上升,推测转基因水稻对两种螟虫致死效应差异可能是其主要原因。     

转cry1Ac和CpTI双基因抗虫水稻对二化螟和大螟的致死效应及田间螟虫构成的影响

 就转cry1Ac＋CpTI双基因抗虫水稻不同生育期对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和大螟Sesamia inferens的室内致死特性及田间螟虫的构成进行了研究。室内测定结果表明，不同生育期转基因水稻对二化螟、大螟都表现明显的致死效应，但水稻生长后期的致死效果降低。转基因水稻对大螟的致死效应显著弱于对二化螟的，其中，二化螟除在齐穗期和成熟期有少量幼虫（0.5%~6.4%）存活到第4天外，其余均在第4天死亡；大螟在两种转基因水稻上的存活率高于二化螟，且少量个体（<1.6%）还能化蛹、羽化，但化蛹率和羽化率均明显低于在非转基因对照上的。早、晚两季水稻的田间调查结果表明，转基因水稻上两种螟虫虫口数量均显著低于相应的非转基因对照品种，转基因水稻上二化螟虫口减退率>99％；大螟虫口减退率相对较低，早、晚稻上有所不同，其中早稻 >93％，晚稻仅44％～64％。转基因水稻上残存螟虫中，大螟所占比例明显上升，推测转基因水稻对两种螟虫致死效应差异可能是其主要原因。     

2015年稻田人工释放赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟应用技术试验

开展了稻田人工释放赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟的寄生和控害效果试验,结果表明:由于方正县2015年二化螟虫源基数低,二化螟危害轻,赤眼蜂防治田和农民自防区在水稻二化螟卵孵初期施用防效分别为70.15％和88％.经过大面积放蜂,培养自然种群,对于保持生态平衡,减少农药用量和施药次数,保护环境具有重要意义.     

二化螟的发生规律及防治对策

田间调查表明,二化螟在黑龙江省五常地区一般每年发生一代。在秋霜晚、有效积温高的年份能发生一代半。可根据黑光灯诱集的成虫数、二化螟低龄幼虫群居和转株的时间以及气候条件进行预报。确立了防治的原则、方针、指标、时期和方法。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.