植物甾醇对KM雌性小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响

本试验旨在研究植物甾醇对雌性小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响。选用50只35日龄雌性小鼠,适应1周后随机分为5组,分别为：对照组、植物油组（给予0.1 mL植物油）及植物甾醇低、中、高三个剂量组（每日灌胃20、80和320 mg/kg植物甾醇）。连续灌胃3周,第1天和第22天称取小鼠体重,然后眼球采血,制备血清,对小鼠血清中的雌二醇、孕酮、催乳素水平进行检测,研究不同添加量的植物甾醇对小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比,植物油组小鼠体增重差异显著（P＜0.05）。与植物油组相比,植物甾醇处理组小鼠体增重先升高后降低,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。植物甾醇对小鼠血清E2水平有不同程度的提高,其中中剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平最高（270.52＆#177;18.10 pmol/L）;随着植物甾醇灌胃剂量的增加,小鼠孕酮水平都有不同程度的下降,其中植物甾醇中剂量组小鼠血清孕酮水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。植物甾醇灌胃组小鼠催乳素水平与对照组相比,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。表明低剂量植物甾醇可提高KM雌性小鼠的体增重;植物甾醇能提高KM雌性小鼠血清雌二醇水平,但对孕酮和催乳素的作用不显著。     

Effects of photoperiod on the secretion of growth hormone in female goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) in goats. Adult female goats were kept at 20°C with an 8‐h or 16‐h photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH for 4 h (12.00 to 16.00 hours) were compared. In addition, the goats were kept under a 16‐h photoperiod and orally administered saline (controls) or melatonin, and the effects of melatonin on the secretion of GH were examined. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner. There were no significant differences in pulse frequency between the 8‐ and 16‐h photoperiods; however, GH pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). The GH‐releasing response to GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH) was also significantly greater for the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in GH pulse frequency between the saline‐ and melatonin‐treated groups. However, GH pulse amplitude and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the saline‐treated group (P < 0.05). The present results show that a long photoperiod enhances the secretion of GH, and melatonin modifies GH secretion in female goats.     

Effects of season on the reproductive organs and steroid hormone profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris)

1. The study documented gross anatomical and histological differences in the reproductive organs of 28 breeding and non-breeding female guinea fowls. Peripheral progesterone and 17β-oestradiol concentrations were also compared in breeding and non-breeding hens.

2. In non-breeding females, all ovarian and oviducal gross anatomical features had significantly regressed. Histologically, some of the changes in a regressing oviduct include systematic changes in height and size of all epithelial cells in all regions of the duct, absence/sparse ciliation of portions of surface epithelium in the magnum, isthmian and uterine regions, general loss of cytoplasmic mass, reduction in size and degeneration of tubular glands. Mucosal folds in all regions of the oviduct except the infundibular lip were higher in breeding females.

3. No difference was found between the two groups in plasma progesterone concentrations. Breeding females, however, had higher peripheral oestradiol concentrations than non-breeding females. About 2 h prior to oviposition, plasma oestradiol concentrations peaked at 2.4-fold (230 pg/ml) compared with baseline concentration and plasma progesterone concentrations by nearly 9-fold (5.29 ng/ml) of baseline.

4. Significant regression and changes in the histological structure of the ovary and oviduct had occurred in non-breeding females, and lower peripheral oestrogen concentrations may be responsible for this phenomenon.

     

沼泽型水牛卵泡发育波及其生殖激素变化的试验研究

运用B超跟踪观察经同期发情处理后的沼泽型水牛的卵泡发育动态,并应用放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定其发情周期中血清促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)等生殖激素的含量,分析了沼泽型水牛的卵泡波情况,并比较了四种生殖激素在发情周期不同时间段及不同卵泡波类型之间的差异性。发现沼泽型水牛的发情周期由2个或3个卵泡波组成,以2个卵泡波为主;2个或3个卵泡波中各个波征集、选择的卵泡数之间无显著差异;血清FSH、LH、E2、P4水平在表现为不同卵泡波类型的青年水牛无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

Effects of photoperiod on the secretion of growth hormone and prolactin during nighttime in female goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on nighttime secretion of growth hormone (GH) in goats. Adult female goats were kept at 20°C with an 8 h or 16 h dark photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH for 8 h in the dark period were examined with the profile of prolactin (PRL) secretion. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner in the dark period. There were no significant differences in pulse frequency between the 8‐ and 16‐h dark photoperiods; however, pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h dark photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the same photoperiod (P < 0.05). PRL secretion increased quickly after lights off under both photoperiods. The PRL‐releasing responses were weaker in the 8‐h than 16‐h dark photoperiod. The secretory response to photoperiod was more obvious for PRL than GH. The present results show that a long dark photoperiod enhances the nighttime secretion of GH in female goats, although the response is not as obvious as that for PRL.     

生长激素在雌性动物生殖中的作用

1生长激素(GH)与性成熟正常初情期的到来往往需要GH,缺乏GH会使初情期推迟。对猴子和缺乏GH儿童的研究发现,注射GH可加快性成熟。GH的这一功能是通过激活LHRH波动发生器或增强雄激素的功能来实现的。对猪的研究也表明,GH对性成熟的影响与其作用时间有关。同时在人上也发现,当垂体促性腺激素分泌模式建立后,GH才能增加其性成熟的比例。对小母鼠的研究发现,GH免疫会推延初情期的到来。2生长激素对卵巢的作用2.1生长激素对卵巢机能的影响体内研究表明GH可作用于卵巢以影响配子的形成和类固醇的生成,然而体内注射GH会导致血液循环中…     

苦马豆素对母畜繁殖机能的影响及防控

苦马豆素主要存在于豆科棘豆属和黄芪属植物如疯草中,动物采食大量疯草会发生神经中枢紊乱,苦马豆素中毒的母畜表现不孕、流产,产死胎、畸胎等,引起繁殖能力下降,妨碍家畜繁育和品种优化,给我国草原畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,严重制约了我国西部草原牧区养殖业的持续发展。现通过对疯草主要毒性成分苦马豆素对母畜的繁殖性能指标、生殖器官组织形态学病理变化和生殖激素的影响进行综述,旨在为母畜疯草中毒引起的繁殖机能紊乱疾病提供治疗及预防思路,降低牧区养殖业经济损失,提高我国畜牧业长远发展的能力。     

The connections of lymphatic vessels draining female reproductive organs with lymphnodes in the pig

The connections of lymphatic vessels leaving the reproductive organs (ovary, oviduct, uterine horn, corpus and cervix, and vagina) with lymphnodes (normal and hemal) located in the uterine broad ligament and paraaortal regions were examined in the cyclic and immature pigs. To visualize the lymph pathways, the lymphatic lumen was filling with varicoloured microfil and/or ink-gelatin mass introduced all the way down to appearance in several nodes. This study revealed that lymphatics emanating from the uterine horn, corpus and the anterior part of the cervix demarcated large a lymphatic area in the porcine broad ligament. From the caudal portion of the cervix and vagina 2-3 lymphatics were found to emerge running near walls of these organs and connecting with large complex nodes, and 2-3 lymphatics reaching the plica urogenitalis. Generally, the lymphatic vessels leaving the porcine reproductive organs were connected by collector lymphangions with 3-5 normal-, 0-3 hemal- and one large composed nodes all found between the distal vascular subovarian plexus and the uterine artery as well as with 9-27 normal and 3-9 hemal nodes in the paraaortal region.     

不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素监测

为了解不同月份生产的奶山羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素(GH)变化规律,随机抽取1、3、5和8月份分娩的奶山羊各10只,于分娩后0 d、7 d、1~8个月(每月的第15天)时采集母羊静脉血,分离血清,采用ELISA试剂盒检测母羊外周血中催乳素(PRL)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E₂)、孕酮(P₄)和GH水平变化。结果显示:不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期间外周血中同一激素的动态变化趋势一致;在整个泌乳期间,1、3、5、8月份产羔母羊PRL、FSH、LH、P₄、E₂、GH含量的动态变化范围分别为446.17~221.72 ng·L^-1、9.49~3.82 U·L^-1、351.17~218.16 pg·mL^-1、4086.83~3568.15 pmol·L^-1,33.74~22.30 ng·L^-1、30.36~11.57μg·L^-1;不同月份产羔母羊外周血中GH水平在相同泌乳期均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSH水平在0 d有显著差异(P<0.05),P₄水平在8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),PRL水平在泌乳的0 d和2、3、8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),LH水平在泌乳的0 d、2个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),E₂水平在泌乳0 d、3个月和8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05)。结果表明:奶山羊产羔月份的不同对泌乳期间的激素水平有一定的影响,但动态变化趋势一致。     

Effects of growth hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonists on ovarian follicle growth in sheep

Our objective was to determine the effects of the administration of growth hormone (GH) alone or plus teverelix, a gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRHa), on follicle development in sheep. Ewes were treated daily for 6 days by the intramuscular route with 15 mg of GH alone (GH group; n = 6) or combined with two subcutaneous doses of GnRHa (1.5 mg) on days 0 and 3 of GH treatment (GH/GnRHa group; n = 6); the control group (n = 6) received similar treatment with saline solution. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone levels were significantly lower in the GH/GnRHa group than in the control (P < 0.001) and GH groups (P < 0.05). The number of follicles > or =2 mm increased to reach significant differences with control (18.7 +/- 0.6) on day 4 in GH/GnRHa group (22.7 +/- 0.5, P < 0.001) and on day 5 in GH group (20.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 17.0 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05). These results indicate that GH and GnRHa may be useful for increasing the number of gonadotrophin-responsive follicles in the ovary. However, follicle function could be affected as both GH and GH/GnRHa groups showed lower plasma inhibin A concentrations than control sheep (90-110 pg/mL vs. 170-185 pg/mL, P < 0.005).     

复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响

试验通过研究复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂在黑豚养殖生产中的推广应用奠定基础。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将40对种黑豚随机分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组4个处理组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg复合微生态制剂的日粮,试验结束测定平均产仔数、平均活仔数、平均活仔率、仔黑豚初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、料乳比、仔黑豚平均日增重、仔黑豚平均成活率等指标。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组的料乳比较对照组降低3.40%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高19.44%、19.87%、2.82%、28.80%、21.21%、4.05%、18.01%(P<0.05),料乳比较对照组降低5.97%(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高22.22%、19.23%、2.77%、26.91%、19.48%、3.81%、15.12%,料乳比较对照组降低5.88%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组之间,各检测指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,复合微生态制剂可显著提高母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能和仔黑豚生长性能,其最适添加剂量为1.0g/kg。     

黄曲霉毒素对猪生长性能及内脏器官的影响

选用60头体质量28 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各半),分别饲喂基础日粮(C组)、基础日粮添加0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉毒素(AF组),试验期90 d,研究黄曲霉毒素(AF)对猪生长性能及内脏器官的影响。结果表明:AF显著影响试验猪的生长性能和内脏器官相对重量,与C组相比,AF组试验猪日增重降低了12.90%(P<0.01),料重比提高了7.54%(P<0.01);AF组试验猪肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏的相对重量分别提高了8.24%(P<0.05)、27.27%(P<0.01)、41.18%(P<0.01)、42.86%(P<0.01);AF组试验猪肝细胞和肾细胞发生了严重的脂肪变性和空泡变性。提示:长期饲喂0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉毒素污染的日粮可诱发猪黄曲霉毒素的慢性中毒。     

家畜生殖激素研究

1 促黄体素(LH)在家畜体内不同生理阶段代谢规律 LH的分泌受丘脑下部促黄体素释放激素(LH-RH)的调节,并在很大程度上受动物性腺激素的反馈调节.在家畜性发育过程中,刚出生的仔畜血液中LH保持在较高的浓度,随后急剧下降,在达到性成熟之前,有两次上升,不同的品种上升的时间不一致.     

发情旺季母水牛生殖激素水平变化的研究

为了研究发情旺季母水牛生殖激素水平的变化规律,试验采用酶联免疫分析方法(ELISA)测定了发情周期血样中的促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)4种激素,并分析了这些生殖激素在发情周期中的变化规律。结果表明:血清中FSH和LH的含量均由排卵前的第4天开始缓慢上升,排卵前达到峰值,在排卵后又明显下降;E2的含量在排卵前1天出现峰值,在排卵后第9天又出现1个小波峰;P4的含量在排卵后的第5天明显上升,第13天时达峰值,在排卵前3天出现最低水平。     

光照周期和饲喂水平对蛋鸡生殖器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究限饲和光照周期对蛋鸡卵巢和输卵管发育及形态学的影响。试验采用3×2双因子设计,即3个光照周期（8L：16D、12L：12D和16L：8D）和2个饲喂水平（自由采食和限饲鸡自由采食量的80%）。选用体质健康的10周龄海兰灰蛋鸡240只,分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,光照周期显著影响20 w输卵管重（P〈0.05）,长光照周期（16L：8D）组和中长光照周期（12L：12D）组的20 w输卵管重显著高于短光照周期（8L：16D）组,对卵巢卵泡直径及单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响不显著（P〉0.05）;饲喂水平对20 w体重、卵巢重、输卵管重及卵巢卵泡直径和单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）;光照周期和饲喂水平互作对20 w卵巢卵泡直径影响显著（P〉0.05）,其中,β和VI组卵巢卵泡直径显著高于V组（P〈0.05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。饲喂水平、光照周期影响输卵管发育,Ⅱ、Ⅳ、VI自由采食组发育程度优于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、V限饲组,并且16L：8D光照组输卵管的发育状况最好。     

壮阳促孕散对雌性小鼠生殖机能的影响研究

采用常规药理学实验方法,探讨了中药壮阳促孕散对雌性小鼠子宫增重、卵巢结构和对去卵巢小鼠子宫内膜、阴道上皮结构以及阴道上皮脱落细胞角化率的影响.结果表明,壮阳促孕散能使幼年小鼠子宫显著增重,促进幼年小鼠卵巢发育,使其提早出现性成熟的形态特征;也能促进去卵巢小鼠子宫内膜和阴道上皮增生、分泌,提高阴道上皮脱落细胞角化率,从而证明中药壮阳促孕散具有雌激素样作用.     

口服葡萄糖对母兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

文章旨在研究口服不同水平葡萄糖和配种方法对夏季高温新西兰白兔繁殖和仔兔生长性能的影响,将120只母兔和36只公兔平均分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复13只兔(3只公兔和10只母兔)。对照组不做任何处理,试验组分别在母兔饮水中添加2、4、8 g/L葡萄糖。为研究自然与人工繁殖方法的效果,每组均分为自然交配和人工授精两组,两组公兔数相同。结果显示,自然交配和人工授精或葡萄糖的添加水平对配种次数、妊娠时间、产仔数和出生、21 d和28 d仔兔重量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。从出生到28 d,口服4 g葡萄糖的母兔产仔数显著大于对照组和2 g葡萄糖组(P <0.05)。无论在哪个时间段,补充2、4和8 g/L葡萄糖比对照组均显著提高仔兔体重(P <0.05),从出生到28 d,口服4或8 g葡萄糖所产生的产仔数明显高于给予0和2 g葡萄糖的组(P <0.05)。在所有试验时间间隔内,口服4和8 g葡萄糖的母兔产奶量均显著高于添加对照组和2 g葡萄糖组(P <0.05)。口服4 g葡萄糖的母兔组中观察到的产奶量的显著增加(P <0.05)。口服2和4 g葡萄糖组较8 g葡萄糖组显著降低了饲料7~14 d母兔的采食量(P <0.05)。结论:在夏季高温采食量降低的情况下,在母兔饮水中添加4 g/L葡萄糖可以改善母兔繁殖性能和仔兔生长性能,提高家兔养殖的经济效益。