用生物膜组分鉴定柑桔的抗寒性

采用抗寒性不同的几个柑桔品种的叶片、枝韧皮部以及种子作样品,研究其生物膜组分与抗寒性的关系。发现叶片膜脂脂肪酸中,亚麻酸、亚油酸及棕榈酸的含量均与抗寒性成极显著相关,亚麻酸/亚油酸、亚麻酸/棕榈酸及脂肪酸不饱和指数亦与抗寒性成极显著相关。枝韧皮部及种子的膜脂脂肪酸亦与抗寒性有着密切的关系。检测出叶片8种磷脂组分,其中,磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰甘油的含量与抗寒性成显著正相关,而磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酸的含量与抗寒性成显著负相关,磷脂酰肌醇和双磷脂酰甘油与抗寒性相关不显著。     

干旱对山楂细胞膜磷脂和总脂脂肪酸的影响

干旱条件下山楂细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸的含量发生变化，轻度干旱时磷脂酰胆碱即发生降解，叶片中磷脂酰甘油增多，严重干旱时叶片中磷脂酰甘油减少，磷脂酰乙醇胺明显减少，嫩茎中磷脂酰乙醇受在干旱呈明显减少趋势，严重干旱时磷脂酰胆碱含量显著下降，轻度干旱山楂脂肪酸中亚麻酸含量增多，不饱和脂肪酸总量无明显变化，叶片总饱和脂肪酸减少，茎中饱和脂肪酸变化不明显，严重干旱时亚油酸含量明显减少，饱和脂肪酸增多，茎中不饱和脂     

干旱对山楂细胞膜磷脂和总脂脂肪酸的影响

干旱条件下山楂细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸的含量发生变化。轻度干旱时磷脂酰胆碱即发生降解，叶片中磷脂酰甘油增多，严重干旱时叶片中磷脂酰甘油减少，磷脂酰乙醇胺明显减少。嫩茎中磷脂酰乙醇胺在干旱时呈明显减少趋势，严重干旱时磷脂酰胆碱含量显著下降。轻度干旱山楂脂肪酸中亚麻酸含量增多，不饱和脂肪酸总量无明显变化，叶片总饱和脂肪酸减少，茎中饱和脂肪酸变化不明显；严重干旱时亚油酸含量明显减少，饱和脂肪酸增多，茎中不饱和脂肪酸明显减少。轻度干旱时脂肪酸不饱和系数值明显增大，严重干旱时脂肪酸不饱和系数值降低。     

柑桔实生苗寒冷锻炼与叶片脂肪酸的关系

对冷冻温度不同敏感性的三个柑桔品种(构橼Citrus medica L.; 粗柠檬C.Limon Burm. F;酸橙C. aurantium L.)进行了四周的寒冷锻炼。从寒冷锻炼和对照处理的实生苗叶片中分馏出类脂,并分析其脂肪酸。经寒冷锻炼的叶片甘油三酸脂及硫脂的绝对含量增加,且亚油酸总量也增加;(构橼增141％,粗柠檬增219％,酸橙增233％)。研究表明,甘油三酸酯、四种磷酯(卵磷酯、脑磷酯、磷酸酰肌醇、磷酯酰甘油)及中性类酯(比甘油三酸酯极性更大的)的亚油酸含量明显增加。     

不同温度条件下常春藤叶片磷脂变化的比较分析

 以栽培在露地和温室的常春藤(Hedera nepalensis,car．sinensis)为材料,运用荧光偏振、薄层层析扫描、气相色谱等技术测定叶片磷脂流动性、磷脂及其脂肪酸组成配比。结果表明,与温室栽培相比,地栽培的常春藤具有较高的不饱和磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸含量。在低温胁迫下,磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的不饱和脂肪酸水平是影响膜脂流动性的主要因素。通过对不同温度条件下生长的常春藤的磷脂流动性、磷脂和脂肪酸组成的差异性分析,从膜脂组成与结构的角度探讨了常绿阔叶植物的抗寒机理。     

山楂叶片细胞膜磷脂和总脂脂肪酸的研究

对山楂属中7个种和9个品种的细胞膜脂质进行了分析比较,发现不同种和品种的磷脂中各组分的含量配比不同,总脂脂肪酸中各组分的含量配比也有差异。磷脂酰胆碱(PC)是主要的磷脂,含量最多,在脂肪酸中亚麻酸(C_(18:3))为主要的不饱和脂肪酸,其次为亚油酸(C_(18:2))和油酸(C_(18:1));饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(C_(16:0))为主。抗性强的野生山楂种比栽培种的脂肪酸不饱和系数(IUFA)高,起源于边缘地区、高寒地区的山楂种脂肪酸不饱和系数大,在山楂品种中,三倍体品种的脂肪酸不饱和系数大。     

石榴叶片发育期安石榴苷及其合成相关物质含量的变化

【目的】探究石榴叶片发育期安石榴苷及其合成相关物质没食子酸、鞣花酸、五没食子酰葡萄糖、莽草酸和3-脱氢莽草酸等含量的变化及相关关系。【方法】以‘泰山红’石榴为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)和紫外分光光度法等对其发育期叶片中安石榴苷及其合成相关物质含量进行测定。【结果】建立优化了HPLC法测定石榴叶片中安石榴苷、没食子酸、鞣花酸、五没食子酰葡萄糖、莽草酸和3-脱氢莽草酸的方法。‘泰山红’石榴叶长和叶宽随叶片发育逐渐增加,50 d左右时逐渐发育成功能叶。叶片发育期没食子酸、莽草酸、总酚和DPPH自由基清除率均呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,在4月25日和7月24日出现峰值。安石榴苷和花青苷含量随叶片发育逐渐降低,4月25日含量最高,分别为0.553 mg·g-1和0.339 mg·g-1。五没食子酰葡萄糖和3-脱氢莽草酸含量先升高后降低,在6月24日出现峰值,分别为5.62 mg·g-1和6.442 mg·g-1。随叶片发育时间的增加,鞣花酸含量呈降→升→降→升的变化趋势,总黄酮含量呈降→升→降的变化趋势。相关性分析表明,叶长与叶宽呈极显著正相关。没食子酸与安石榴苷、莽草酸呈极显著正相关,与五没食子酰葡萄糖、3-脱氢莽草酸呈显著负相关。安石榴苷与花青苷、总酚、莽草酸和DPPH自由基清除率呈显著正相关,与鞣花酸呈显著负相关。五没食子酰葡萄糖与3-脱氢莽草酸呈极显著正相关,与DPPH自由基清除率、莽草酸呈显著负相关。花青苷、总黄酮、总酚和DPPH自由基清除率均呈显著正相关。莽草酸与3-脱氢莽草酸呈极显著负相关。【结论】石榴发育期叶片中安石榴苷及其合成相关物质存在含量差异性和不同的相关性,莽草酸和3-脱氢莽草酸与没食子酸合成密切相关,没食子酸代谢生成五没食子酰葡萄糖,五没食子酰葡萄糖可能是安石榴苷合成的前体物质,鞣花酸是安石榴苷的降解产物。叶片中安石榴苷、花青苷、总黄酮、总酚含量高低均与其抗氧化能力密切相关。     

叶面施用硫酸镁矫治柑桔缺镁症的效果研究

为研究提高硫酸镁叶面矫治柑桔缺镁症的效果,以硝酸镁为对照,进行了硫酸镁安全浓度、矫治效果以及添加表面活性剂与ZnO增效剂的试验.结果表明,提高硫酸镁施用浓度能有效地提高缺镁症矫治效果,叶片Mg含量增加值(△Mg,％)在硫酸镁试验浓度(C％,以MgSO4·7H2O计)范围内呈近指数增长:△Mg=0.0044672C2.C2112.98(F=72.09,P＜0.0001,C取值范围为[2,5]).镁离子浓度相同的硫酸镁和硝酸镁溶液处理后,两者柑桔叶片气孔开闭状况无差异;硫酸镁溶液中添加0.33‰表面活性剂或0.1％ ZnO对其矫治效果的影响不显著.在试验样株处于缺氮与严重缺镁状态下,叶面施用硝酸镁后叶片N含量变化与NO3-浓度无关,排除NO3-、Mg2+浓度(偏因子)影响,矫治处理叶片N含量增加值与其基础含N量呈极显著偏相关(r=-0.622 3,P=0.0026),即叶片基础含N量越低,矫治处理后叶片N含量增幅越大;矫治处理叶片S含量增加值与施用SO42-浓度无关,却与叶片Mg含量增加值呈极显著相关(r=0.6467,P=0.0009).硫酸镁叶面矫治柑桔缺镁症推荐浓度:萌芽至幼果期≤5％,矫治效果与2％硝酸镁相当;其他生长季≤8％,冬季10％.     

脯氨酸作柑桔抗寒生理指标的探讨

与柑桔抗寒性最密切的氨基酸为脯氨酸,柑桔叶片所含的水解脯氨酸与采样当天的绝对低温呈完全负相关,抗寒性越弱的品种其相关程度越大;脯氨酸浓度与品种抗寒程度呈正相关,在完成低温锻炼时和冰冻过程中,其规律性较明显。     

可溶性蛋白、丙二醛含量与枣树枝条抗寒性的关系研究

以1 a生枣树休眠枝条为试材,经低温处理后,测定电导率、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以电导率配合Logistic方程确定枣树抗寒性(LT50),研究分析可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量与LT50之间的关系。结果表明:可溶性蛋白含量与枣树抗寒性呈正相关,相关性极显著;丙二醛含量与枣树抗寒性呈负相关,且相关性显著,二者可以作为枣树抗寒性的评价指标。     

李果实发育过程中果皮色素、糖和总酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性的变化

大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石、安哥诺4个李品种在果实发育过程中,果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总酚以及类黄酮含量呈下降趋势,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、花青苷含量及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性逐渐增加。除安哥诺的蔗糖、葡萄糖外,果皮花青苷与不同种类糖含量之间呈显著正相关或极显著正相关,大石早生蔗糖含量与花青苷含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9688,龙园秋李、黑宝石则呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9481、0.9447;黑宝石、安哥诺果糖与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9358、0.8925,大石早生、龙园秋李则呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9438、0.9763;大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石果皮葡萄糖与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.8940、0.9022、0.9424。龙园秋李、黑宝石这2个品种果皮总酚含量与PPO活性呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.9896、-0.9664。     

Correlation between myocardial interstitial collagen remodeling and changes in hemodynamics in rats with myocardial infarction

AIM: To study the relationship between cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. METHODS: We observed sequential changes in collagen contents and collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratios in infarct zone (IZ) and non-infarct zone (NIZ) and their relationship to the parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in the rat model of myocardial infarction induced by ligation of left main coronary artery. RESULTS: Collagen conteants in IZ and NIZ after 3d of myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those in sham group at corresponding time (P<0.05, P<0.01). Collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio in IZ decreased on day 3, significantly increased after 7 d (P<0.01). Collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio in NIZ increased significantly afte14 d. Correlated analysis between collagen contents in IZ or NIZ and collagen type Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio and maximal ascending velocity (+p'_max) or maximal descending velocity of the left ventricular pressure (-p'_max) was performed and the negative correlation between collagen contents in NIZ and +P'_max (r=-0.589, P>0.05) and -P'_max (r=-0.788, P<0.01) was found. Collagen content in IZ positively correlated to the +P'_max (r=0.70, P<0.50), but not to -P'_max (r=-0.29, P>0.05). Collagen type Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratios in NIZ correlated negatively to the +P'_max (r=-0.504, P>0.05) and -P'_max (r=-0.545, P>0.05), but there were no relationship between collagen type Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratios in IZ and +P'_max or -P'_max in IZ. CONCLUSION: Collagen deposition in IZ after myocardial infarction was of benefit to improvement of systolic function. Collagen deposition in NIZ was harmful to systolic and diastolic function.     

茴香不同器官精油含量及其成分比较

 使用同时蒸馏萃取法, 对内蒙古小茴香不同器官风干样进行分析, 根、茎、叶、花序梗、花序和果实精油含量分别为4.9、9.3、12.0、12.9、28.8、31.5 mL /kgDM。茴香精油含量与全氮含量、蛋白氮含量达到极显著正相关, 相关系数分别为0.92和0.95; 精油含量与全碳含量、C /N显著呈负相关, 相关系数分别为- 0.83和- 0.82。根的精油主要成分是其所特有的莳萝芹菜脑, 茎的精油主要成分是柠檬烯、反式茴香脑, 叶、花序梗、花序和果实的精油主要成分为反式茴香脑、柠檬烯。同时比较了不同器官精油中单萜类化合物、含氧化合物、反式茴香脑和柠檬烯的变化趋势。     

Relationship between the E-selectin and oxidative stress in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of soluble E-selectin and oxidative stress in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: The level of E-selectin, the contents of ox-LDL and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in patients with obese and non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.RESULTS: The levels of E-selectin, ox-LDL and MDA were higher in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus than those in control group (P<0.05), and the contents of HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3-C were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01).The activity of SOD in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than that in control group.The contents of E-selectin and MDA were more markedly elevated in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus than those in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.01,P<0.05) and the activity of SOD was also significantly lower than that in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.01).There was significantly positive correlation between E-selectin and HbA1c, waist circumference, TC, ox-LDL, MDA (r=0.352, P<0.05;r=0.634, P<0.05;r=0.517, P<0.05;r=0.480, P<0.05;r=0.572, P<0.05), and negatively correlation between E-selectin and HDL3-C (r=-0.374, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The plasma level of E-selectin is markedly elevated in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.E-selectin is possibly associated with oxidative stress.     

Influences of apolipoprotein CII concentrations on high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution

AIM: To investigate the influence of serum apolipoprotein (apo) CII concentrations on the distribution of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses. METHODS: Serum HDL subclasses in 247 subjects were determined by two dimensional gel electrophoresis-immunodetection. RESULTS: With the increase in serum apolipoprotein CII levels, age, BMI, the contents of TG, TC, apoB100, apoCII, apoCIII, apoE, preβ1-HDL, preβ2-HDL, HDL3b and HDL3a increased significantly, but the contents of HDL-C, HDL2a and HDL2b decreased remarkably. The contents of preβ1-HDL increased with the rise in apoCII and apoA I levels, whereas the content of HDL2b increased with the rise in serum apoA I level in the same apoC II group, but decreased with the increase in serum apolipoprotein CII level in the same apoA I group. With the increase in the ratio of apoCII/ apoCIII, the content of preβ1-HDL elevated, but the content of HDL2b decreased. The correlation analysis illustrated that the apoCII level was positively correlated with preβ1-HDL (r=0.186, P<0.01), but inversely correlated with HDL2b (r=-0.149, P<0.05). The apoA I level was positively associated with all HDL subclasses (r in the range of 0.349-0.587, P<0.01). In addition, the apoCIII level was positively correlated with preβ1-HDL (r=0.184, P<0.01) and preβ2-HDL (r=0.178, P<0.01), while the apoE level was positively correlated with HDL3a (r=0.040, P<0.05). The apoB100 level was inversely correlated with HDL2a (r=-0.102, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The particles of HDL show a general shift towards smaller size with the increase in apoCII levels, indicating that the maturation of HDL is abnormal. Whereas the contents of apoA I level correct the effect of apoCII on the distribution profile of HDL subclasses. The ratio of apoCII/apoCIII might also been taken as one of the indexes reflecting the distribution profile of serum HDL subclasses.     

不同氮素水平对草莓氨基酸和蛋白质的影响

对不同氮素水平下草莓(FragariaananssaDuch.)果实中的氨基酸和蛋白质进行了分析,结果表明:在所测出的17种氨基酸中,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸等是草莓主要的氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸含量最高,占总氨基酸的21.27%～26.83%,其含量与总氨基酸之间存在显著相关性,回归方程为yaa=4.2545+1.6763xAsp(r=0.6858),并且施氮量对这些主要氨基酸的含量变化幅度影响较大。花期追施不同水平氮肥后,随着施氮量增加,蛋白质和氨基酸含量呈增加趋势,必需氨基酸含量亦增加,但占总氨基酸的比例下降。不同氮素水平(低量、中量、高量)下,蛋白质与氨基酸的含量均是随成熟期先下降后上升,而对照(不施氮肥)呈一直下降趋势。蛋白质与氨基酸之间也存在相关性,回归方程为yPr=1.2665+3.4259xaa(r=0.7664)。     

Changes in endothelin-1 and atrial natriuretic factor and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor on the change of endothelin-1 in asthmatic guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the possible role of endothelin(ET-1) in asthma pathogenesis and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on changes of ET-1. METHODS: Measuring the contents of endothelin-1(ET-1),atrial natriuretic factor(ANF),cGMP in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of guinea pigs. RESULTS: The contents of ET-1, ANF and cGMP in asthma group were higher than that of the control group; There was a significant negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.638,P <0.05) in plasma of the asthma group, and a significantly negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.921,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. There was a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP( r=0.848,P <0.01) in plasma of the asthma group,and a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP ( r=0.831,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. The levels ET-1 in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were lower than those in the asthma group,and the levels of cGMP in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were higher than those in the asthma group after ceasing to infuse rANF for guinea pigs for 30 minutes.CONCLUSION: ET-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.ANF might inhibit production of ET-1.     

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on expression of urotensin II in acute asthmatic rats

AIM: To explore the effects of exogenously applied hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)on expression of urotensin II (U-II)in rats with ovalbumin-induced acute asthma. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma group and NaHS treatment group (all n=8). At the 28th day after ovalbumin sensitization, the pulmonary function was measured. The pathological changes in the lung tissues were observed. The contents of U-II in plasma, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)was also detected.RESULTS: The peak expiratory flow (PEF) was(6.5±0.1)L/s,(2.9±0.7)L/s and(5.7±0.5)L/s in control group, asthma group and NaHS treatment group, respectively. No statistical difference of the plasma U-II levels was observed among the three groups. In asthma group, the content of U-II in lung tissues was(43.8±2.0)ng/L and that in BALF was(58.0±12.3)ng/L, both of which were significantly higher than those in control group . In NaHS treatment group, the content of U-II in lung tissues was(14.0±1.9)ng/L and that in BALF was(20.2±6.7)ng/L, both of which were significantly lower than those in asthma grou p (F=337.68 and F=38.433, respectiuely, both P<0.01). The pathological score of the lung tissues in asthma group was 3(2-4), significantly higher than that in control group and NaHS treatment group . The positive correlations between the contents of U-II in lung tissues or BALF and the pathological scores were observed (r=0.746,r=0.714, respectively, both P<0.01). Significantly negative correlations between the contents of U-II in lung tissues or BALF and PEF were also found (r=-0.911 and r=-0.767, respectively, both P<0.01).CONCLUSION: U-II, a mediator acting via the way of paracrine or autocrine, may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma in this animal model. The exogenous application of H₂S may play a regulatory role in asthma through inhibiting U-II to attenuate the inflammatory responses in asthma and exert protective effect on the pulmonary functions.     

番茄果实发育过程中糖的变化与相关酶活性的关系

 在日光温室内以普通栽培番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) ‘辽园多丽’为试材, 在番茄开花后不同天数, 分别取果柄维管束、萼片、果肉、果胶质和胎座、心室隔壁和果实维管束, 分别测定各部位糖的组成和含量以及糖代谢相关酶的活性。结果表明, 在番茄果实发育过程中, 果肉中葡萄糖和果糖的含量与蔗糖合成酶( SS) 活性呈显著和极显著负相关, 相关系数分别为-0.9497^*和-0.9598^**, 两者与转化酶的活性在果实整个发育期达到显著正相关; 而蔗糖的含量与酸性转化酶及中性转化酶活性均达到极显著负相关, 相关系数分别为-0.9706^**和-0.9669^**, 与SS活性呈显著正相关, 相关系数为0.8886^*。在果实整个发育期, 3种糖的含量均与蔗糖磷酸合成酶( SPS) 无显著相关, 说明番茄果实中各种糖的积累与代谢主要受SS和转化酶活性的调控, 与SPS活性关系不大。果实中淀粉的积累只与SS呈显著正相关, 与其它3种酶活性关系不大。所以转化酶与蔗糖合成酶( SS) 的共同作用是影响普通栽培型番茄果实中糖积累的重要因子。     

培养料C／N和含N量对毛木耳生长发育的影响

试验结果表明,商业化栽培毛木耳的培养料不需添加有机氮源,采用高C/N(60～100:1)和低含N量(0.4％～0.8％)的配方,干耳生物学效率(ABE％)为20％～24％,出耳后污染少,耳片商品率高。干耳产量(y_1=ABE％)、单袋经济效益(y_2,元/袋)、培养料C/N(x_1)及N％(x_2)的回归方程分别为: y_1=-15.1746 20.4322 lgx_1,r=0.9630,P>0.01; y_2=-3.5729 2.8329 lgx_1,r=0.9815,P>0.01; y_1=20.9942-20.7741 lgx_2,r=-0.9474,P>0.01; y_2=1.4202-2.4361 lgx_2,r=-0.8061,P>0.05。