猕猴桃无公害和有机栽培技术及病虫害防治技术分析

针对猕猴桃的无公害栽培技术和有机栽培技术作出了简单介绍,阐述了栽培过程中的特点和相关步骤,并分析了几种对猕猴桃而言较为常见的病虫害以及其相应的症状和致病原理,针对防治病虫害提出了一些科学有效的措施和建议,供参考。     

猕猴桃常见病虫害及防治方法

随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者更加关注水果的营养价值。猕猴桃因为营养价值较高而深受消费者的喜爱,其种植范围和种植面积不断扩大,提高了种植户的经济收入。但是在猕猴桃的不同生长阶段会出现不同的病虫害,从而影响猕猴桃的产量和质量,在一定程度上影响了猕猴桃产业健康发展。为此,文章分析了当前猕猴桃种植中的主要病虫害类型、发病症状和规律,论述了猕猴桃生长过程的主要防治技术,采取了有针对性的防治措施,以期为种植户防治病虫害提供参考。     

有机农业生产中的有害生物管理技术

综合介绍了有机生产中控制有害生物的技术措施,主要有:生态学技术措施、农业措施、物理措施以及生物药剂防治措施等,为有机农业生产中有害生物的管理提供了思路和方法。     

生物技术在有机茶园病虫害防治中的应用

随着全球经济不断发展以及现代工业和城市的发展进步，给全球环境和人们带来了无法挽救的损失。特别是直接关系到人类健康的食品，更备受世界各国政府的极大关注，相继建立了专门机构，严格制定了相应的法律、法规来规范食品生产、加工，提倡无公害、绿色、有机生产。     

无公害蔬菜生产技术要点

近年来,我国无公害蔬菜生产面积迅速扩大,产量和产值在蔬菜生产中所占比重不断增加,无公害蔬菜生产己成为当前蔬菜产业发展的潮流和趋势。     

静宁县有机苹果生产技术要点

<正>静宁县地处黄土高原腹地,自然环境特别适宜苹果树生长,是国家农业部划定的西北黄土高原苹果优势产区之一。2008年,为满足广大消费者对绿色果品日益增长的消费需求,静宁县积极推进有机果品生产。目前,全县有机苹果园面积已达1万亩以上,年产有机苹     

有机蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治方法探索

简要介绍了有机蔬菜整体概述,分析了有机蔬菜种植技术的具体内容,如品种选择、基地选择、种植管理、合理施肥等,探讨了有机蔬菜病虫害防治的主要方法,其中包括农业防治、生物防治、生态防治、物理防治、科学管理等,以此为人们提供优质蔬菜,满足人们的食用需求,为种植人员提供充分参考.     

有机农产品种植技术及推广策略研究

为研究有机农产品种植技术及推广策略,文章采用理论结合实践的方法,立足有机农产品的优势,分析了有机农产品种植技术的应用要点,并提出有机农产品种植技术推广现状以及策略。分析结果表明,有机农产品具有绿色、无毒、无害等优势,而且对周围生态环境没有影响,是我国农产品发展的必然趋势。选择合适的种植技术和推广策略,有助于大范围发展有机农产品,促使我国有机农产品事业持续健康发展。     

有机黄瓜生产技术

<正> 江西省万载县自1999年至今一直进行有机蔬菜生产,被国家环保总局命名为国家有机农产品生产基地,2001年至今黄瓜已连续9年获得欧盟ECOCERT有机农产品产地认证。2009年栽培面积为10.52公顷,亩产量一般达3000～4000千克。有机黄瓜经盐渍加工后远销欧盟、日本、韩国等多个国家和地区,售价是常规黄瓜的2～3倍。1.定义有机黄瓜生产技术是指遵循可持续发展的原则,严格按照《欧共体有机农业条例2092/91》进行黄瓜     

有机蔬菜生产技术

指在蔬菜生产过程中不使用化学合成的农药、化肥、除草剂、生长调节剂等物质,以及基因工程生物及其产物．而是遵循自然规律和生态学原理,采取一系列可持续发展的农业技术,协调种植平衡,使农业生态系统持续稳定,且经过有机认证机构鉴定认可,并颁发有机证书。在此基础上生产的蔬菜为有机蔬菜。     

修文县猕猴桃病虫害发生规律与对策

通过修文县猕猴桃病虫害发生规律进行分析,并提出解决病虫害发生的对策.     

广西百色地区有机茶园中主要害虫发生规律及防治技术的研究

通过调查结果,广西百色地区有机茶园中主要病虫害的种类包括假眼小绿叶蝉、茶跗线螨、茶黄蓟马、茶蚜和茶饼病、茶炭疽病。假眼小绿叶蝉在4、7月份有两个发生高峰;茶跗线螨和茶黄蓟马早春发生较重。各种害虫都具有一定的趋嫩性,其中茶黄蓟马在茶树顶部的种群密度与其它位置差异显著。根据各病虫害的生物学习性,采取了强采及植物源药剂相结合等方法,起到了良好的防治效果。     

务川县核桃主要病虫害的发生及防治措施

核桃病虫害对其产量有着密切的影响,为指导核桃生产,通过对务川县核桃发生为害的主要病虫有黑斑病、核桃白粉病、核桃炭疽病、核桃枝枯病、核桃举肢蛾、云斑天牛等进行了介绍,并提出了培育和栽培抗病品种,合理修剪,及时清除病叶、病果、病枝等病源物,秋末冬初或春季深翻土壤杀灭部分越冬幼虫的农业防治措施,在病虫高发季节采用药剂防治的化防措施.     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园害虫防治中的应用效果

【研究目的】试验研究频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园中的应用效果,为有机茶园防治害虫提供方法和指导;【方法】本试验共两个处理：有灯区和无灯区。在每年的6、7、8、9、10月份对杀虫灯诱杀的成虫的种类和数量进行统计,以及田间虫口密度为害情况调查。【结果】有灯区和无灯区中毒蛾、尺蠖、叶甲的数量差异达到了极显著水平;【结论】频振式杀虫灯对茶园害虫的防治效果明显,特别是对毒蛾、尺蠖和叶甲类的诱杀作用较突出,对它们的防效有灯区与无灯区间差异达到了极显著水平,但是对叶蝉的防治还是有一定的局限。频振式杀虫灯可以作为有机茶园防治虫害的一种手段,与其它防治方法协调使用,综合防治茶园害虫。     

Six-year transition from conventional to organic farming: effects on crop production and soil quality

Organic farming has become increasingly important in recent decades as the consumer has grown its focus on the food and environmental benefits of the technique. However, when compared to conventional farming systems, organic farm system are known to yield less.Presented in this paper are the results from two organic cropping systems following six years of organic management. Fertilisation management differentiated the two systems; one was fertilised with green manure and commercial organic fertilisers, while the other was fertilised with dairy manure. A conventional cropping system, managed with mineral fertiliser as typical in the southern Piemonte region (Italy), served as the bussiness as usual crop management. The first hypothesis tested related to crop yield variation during the initial phase of organic management; we expected a sharp reduction in the early phase, then minor reductions later on. The second hypothesis tested related to soil fertility variation; we expected enhanced soil fertility under organic management.Overall, the organic system produced less, relative to the conventional system in interaction with year effect. Yield reduction seemed related to the lower soil nutrient availability of organic fertilisers that provided nutrients consequent to mineralisation. Therefore, summer crops are well-suited to manure-fertilised organic farms as mineralisation happens at higher temperatures, as opposed to winter wheat, which is largely reduced in such systems. Commercial organic fertilisers can, however, limit this effect through their high nutrient availability in the winter and early springAlso shown was that soil quality, defined as a general decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) over time in the three analysed arable systems, can be mitigated by manure additions. Green manuring can maintain SOC and increase total N in soil, only if introduced for a sufficient number of years during crop rotation. Finally, soil fertility and Potential Mineralisable N in the different systems demonstrated that organic systems managed with commercial organic nitrogen fertilisers and green manure do not improve soil quality, compared to systems managed with mineral fertilisers.     

Effects of best management practices on dry matter production and fruit production efficiency of oil palm

Enhancing dry matter production with higher partitioning to fruit bunches is important for sustainable intensification of oil palm. A series of best management practices including site-specific nutrient management, canopy management, and harvesting has been developed for oil palm plantations. However, the effects of these practices on dry matter production and partitioning, and how the effects vary with climatic and soil conditions of plantation sites, remain largely unknown. We established a four-year field trial including 30 paired commercial blocks across Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The paired treatments included site-specific best management practices, and standard estate practices as the control. The annual production of aboveground dry matter was 30.0 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (mean ± se) under best management practices, higher than 28.8 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under standard estate practices. The bunch index, an indicator of the fruit production efficiency, increased by 12% under best management practices compared to standard estate practices. Partitioning of dry matter to the fronds decreased by 8% under best management practices, compared to standard estate practices. The positive effect of best management practices on the annual production of total aboveground dry matter was stronger in the plantation site with higher annual rainfall. These results are useful for optimizing management practices to improve sustainable intensification of oil palm.     

Integration framework and implementation technologies of integrated workshop production management system for motorcycle parts enterprise

According to the urgent need for motorcycle parts enterprise to improve the ability of information exchange and business collaboration between the production process and other links such as the marketing, design, production planning, outsourcing, purchasing and delivering, an integration framework of the intergraded workshop production management system for motorcycle parts enterprise is presented. It can be integrated with the designing and production planning management systems upwards, the workshop equipments and workers downwards, and the subcontract production and supply chain management systems outwards. Then, some key technologies are studied, such as the realization scheme of system integration based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), the data integration and sharing mechanism of heterogeneous information system based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and the real-time interaction technology of workshop information based on the multi-functional interactive information terminals, etc. Finally, the system is developed and successfully applied in a motorcycle parts enterprise, and good results are obtained.     

果脯加工废糖液发酵猕猴桃酒的工艺研究

以猕猴桃果脯厂产生的废糖液为原料,对其酿造果酒的生产工艺及最佳工艺参数进行了系统研究。结果表明:①废糖液较佳的澄清条件为离心处理;②废糖液较佳的脱色条件为活性炭处理;③较佳发酵温度为22℃,发酵时间为9d;④废糖液酿造果酒的最佳培养条件为糖分的质量分数为20%,pH值为6,酵母质量分数为4%。     

优化组合药剂防治水稻重大病虫害技术研究

探索完善药剂在防治水稻病虫害过程中的优化组合用药技术,为水稻生产上减少化学农药投入和提高种粮效益提供依据。本研究在早稻、单季晚稻、连作晚稻上分别实施水稻重大病虫害全程组合用药防治技术,对秧苗素质、病虫害防治效果、稻田蜘蛛种群动态、稻谷产量、防治工本药本、农药使用量、种粮效益等方面进行综合评估测算。研究结果表明：在有效控制纹枯病、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟等重大病虫害的基础上,优化组合用药技术的利用可减少防治次数2~3 次,降低化学农药使用量20.88%~ 56.85%,同时还能提高秧苗素质,促进水稻生长,维护稻田蜘蛛种群动态平衡,并增加稻谷产量483.30~945 kg/hm2,实现节本增收增效1186.05~3690 元/hm2。根据稻田生产实际需要,合理实施水稻重大病虫害组合用药技术是当前水稻生产上实现农药减量、农业增效的有效措施,具有较好的经济、社会、生态效益。     

Comprehensive assessment of nutrient management technologies for cauliflower production under subtropical conditions

We developed a methodological protocol for comprehensive evaluation of nutrient management (NM) technologies for production of cauliflower taking its yield, quality, profitability, energy balance and environmental sustainability in terms of soil quality as the goal variables. Fifteen NM technologies comprising three sources of nutrients viz., organics [farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and green manure], inorganic fertilizations (recommended NPK at the rate of 200-44-82 kg ha⁻¹and 125% of recommended NPK) and their selected combinations were tested for producing cauliflower for six consecutive growing seasons during 2006–2011. Integrated NM technology proved to be economically sound and environment-friendly practice. It helped to produce better quality cauliflower with higher value added products such as crude protein, dietary fibre, and vitamin C. Further, it concomitantly maintained better soil quality by improving soil organic carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon, bulk density and extractable plant available nutrients. Combining all the parameters together by employing non-parametric evaluation of regression factor scores through principal component analysis, the NM technology of FYM 5 Mg ha⁻¹ + 125% of recommended NPK and VC 3 Mg ha⁻¹ + 125% of recommended NPK were found to be the best among the NM technologies compared. The superiority of the technologies were attributed to higher curd biomass yield (8.36 and 9.70 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively), higher economic return (benefit-cost ratio 2.7 and 2.5; marginal rate of return 8.0 and 5.1, respectively), more energy conserving efficiency (net energy 22.4 and 25.7 GJ ha⁻¹; output-input energy ratio 1.86 and 2.00, respectively) and greater improvement in the indices of soil quality (6.219 and 5.709, respectively) and crop quality for human (6.7 and 7.4, respectively) and animal (7.4 and 6.4, respectively) nutrition. Organics were less productive, less profitable, and energetically less efficientas compared to integrated and inorganic systems for cauliflower production in subtropics.