中山杉单板快速漂白工艺

为了研究中山杉单板快速漂白工艺,采用H_2O_2和NH_4HCO_3作为漂白剂进行单因素漂白试验,以漂白单板的色差△E~*和白度差△W~*来评价漂白效果。试验结果表明,单因素条件下,H_2O_2质量分数、处理温度对漂白效果影响较小,NH_4HCO_3质量分数25%时漂白效果更好。结合极差与方差分析,筛选出适合中山杉单板快速漂白的工艺:V(H_2O_2质量分数15%)∶V(NH_4HCO_3质量分数15%)=1∶1、处理温度70℃、处理时间3 min,此条件下漂白试样色差值为19.6,白度差值为15.1%。研究结果证明了H_2O_2和NH_4HCO_3复配漂白剂对于中山杉单板的作用,为单板快速漂白工业化生产提供理论依据。     

木材改性──一、木材的材色及材色处理(续)

3木材漂白已产生变色的木材，漂白是消除变色的主要方法，也是木材调色和改色的第一步。木材漂白是通过氧化或还原反应来完成的。反应中破坏和变性木材中的发色基和助包基等与颜色有关的构造成分，达到木材漂白的目的。3．1漂白剂及漂白助剂木材漂白剂分氧化、还原和其它三类，见表2。氧化类漂白剂可分有机和无机的过氧化物及氯类。以无机过氧化物类中的过氧化氢（双氧水）和无机氯类中的亚氨酸钠为最常用。有机过氧化物类漂白剂如过醋酸、过蚁酸和过氧化苯团等可使木材脱色后具耐光性的效果。还原类漂白剂是氢、氮、硫、酸类的化合物，对热…     

新型木材漂白剂漂白工艺研究

介绍一种新型漂白剂，探讨了使用新型漂白剂时漂液的配方和漂白工艺参数。与传统漂白剂Ｈ２Ｏ２相比，新型木材漂白剂的价格更低，漂白效果更好，操作更方便。试验结果表明，新型木材漂白剂可很好地应用于木材漂白。     

桉树单板常温漂白工艺研究

采用过氧化氢作为主漂白剂,常温下对桉树单板进行漂白试验。以各组成药剂质量分数和漂白工艺为试验因素,以白度值为评价指标对漂白效果进行评价,并对比3种不同后处理方式对漂白效果的影响。结果表明,在常温下,桉树单板的最佳漂白工艺为浴比20∶1,氢氧化钠质量分数0.3%,双氧水质量分数5%,漂白时间10 h。3种干燥方式均可使漂白单板保持较高的白度值,生产中可任意选择或组合使用。     

鹅掌楸种源试验研究

笔者以湖北省京山县鹅掌楸属种源试验林2个树种鹅掌楸与北美鹅掌楸共20个种源为对象,进行了14 a时的生长和主要木材性状的研究。结果表明:北美鹅掌楸的生长优于鹅掌楸,而木材性状则不及鹅掌楸。在胸径、树高、材积、基本密度和纤维长度5个测试性状中,各种源之间存在显著或者极显著差异,为优良种源的选择奠定了基础。相同试验材料不同试验点的结果存在较大分歧表明:鹅掌楸受到较强的环境因素影响,因此在进行种源选择时必须加以考虑。     

速生人工林桉树木材材色处理初步研究

试验用漂白剂、酸性染料和其他化学药剂,采用单纯漂白、单纯染色、先漂白再染色和化学着色等4种不同的方案对人工林桉树木材进行材色改良处理研究.结果发现:单纯漂白可获得一定的材色改良效果;硫化物类、过硫酸铵类的药剂配方漂白效果不明显;硼氢化钠类的药剂配方可得到一定的漂白效果;双氧水类、次氯酸钠类的药剂配方可得到很好的漂白效果.单纯染色比较难获得好的材色处理效果.采用先漂白后染色的方法,获得的材色过于鲜艳.采用化学着色的方法,可获得较理想的材色改良效果;草酸类药剂配方着色效果明显,可消除材色缺陷,根据不同的配方和处理工艺可获得从浅粉红色到红棕色的色调;用双氧水做活性剂,引入带发色团的化学药剂,材色改良效果明显,通过调整配方药品的浓度和处理工艺可获得从浅黄色到橙黄色的不同色调和较佳的材质.     

尾巨桉单板漂白工艺的研究

对尾巨桉单板水抽提后进行漂白正交试验.以漂白后单板的色差和白度为评价指标,推断出对漂白效果有显著影响的因素包括:温度、时间、硅酸钠质量分数、过氧化氢质量分数.较佳漂白工艺为:温度70 ℃,时间90～120 min,过氧化氢质量分数5%,硅酸钠质量分数1.2%,pH值9～10.     

泡桐木材压缩硬化研究初报──泡桐压缩木回弹率的影响因素

为了提高泡桐的密度、硬度和尺寸稳定性,将试材分成水分组、温度组、时间组、化学处理组，对水分组试材进行恒温恒湿处理，对化学处理组进行不同质量分数的酚醛树脂液浸泡处理，然后将各组试材进行不同温度、不同时间的热压试验．再将试材置于常温的水中浸泡，测定各处理试材的回弹率．分析试材含水率、热压温度、热压时间和酚醛树脂溶液质量分数对热压试材水浸泡回弹率的影响．结果表明；各试验因素对泡桐压密硬化效果有明显的影响，木材含水率为13．89％时．材面光滑，尺寸稳定性最好，热压前的喷湿处理可增强木材尺寸稳定性；用10％的酚醛树脂溶液处理试材可降低回弹率45．51％；最佳热压温度为190℃，最佳热压时间为8min.     

杉木集成薄木漂白工艺研究

采用双氧水作为主漂剂漂白杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)集成薄木,以漂白温度、漂白时间和双氧水质量分数为试验因素进行正交试验,对漂白后薄木的白度值和色差进行检测和分析。在综合考虑漂白效果和生产成本后,得出较佳的杉木集成薄木漂白工艺参数为:漂白温度50℃,H2O2质量分数4%,漂白时间30 min。     

不同厚度杨木单板连续漂白工艺技术研究

分析了在不同单板厚度、不同漂白时间、连续漂白不补充漂白剂、连续漂白补充漂白剂等条件下杨木单板的漂白效果,结果表明：单板厚度对漂白效果有一定的影响;漂白时间延长,漂白效果更好,但漂白时间不宜过长;连续漂白时,需要补充一定量的漂白剂。     

世界纸浆工业全无氯漂白发展概述

介绍了世界ＴＣＦ漂白发展的背景,概述了ＴＣＦ漂白的一般程序及技术发展趋势。     

Sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp II: Behavior of lignin and carbohydrate during sulfuric acid bleaching

The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of lignin and carbohydrates in kraft pulps during sulfuric acid bleaching. Beech kraft pulp and red pine kraft pulp were bleached with dilute sulfuric acid at pH 1.3 with addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite at 100°C for 1 h. The pulps were then extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 70°C for 1 h. Lignin and carbohydrates in the acid effluents and the alkali effluents were analyzed. The carbohydrate compositions of unbleached and bleached kraft pulps were also determined. The residual lignin in kraft pulp was degraded to a molecular size similar to that of milled wood lignin during sulfuric acid bleaching without additives, and it was further degraded to a much smaller molecular size during sulfuric acid bleaching with additives. It was found that the amount of carbohydrate dissolved in the bleach effluents were only about 1 of the dry weight of the kraft pulp under these bleaching conditions. The carbohydrates dissolved during bleaching were mostly of hemicellulose origin.Part of this report was presented at the 8th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Helsinki, July 1995     

不同干花叶材漂白工艺的研究

以三角槭、油茶、樟树的叶片为材料,用过氧化氢(H2O2)及次氯酸钠(NaClO)作漂白液分别对三种叶材进行处理,观察比较其漂白效果。试验结果表明:漂白效果与叶片质地、大小、色素成分、药液浓度、温度等有关。过氧化氢(H2O2)对以叶绿素为主的叶片脱色能力差;次氯酸钠(NaClO)对三角槭、樟叶的脱色能力较好,但对植物纤维有强烈的水解作用。     

TCF bleaching of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis> kraft pulps with H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> pretreatment under acid condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H₂O₂ pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H₂O₂ is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15. [Supported by the National “863” Project (Grant No. 2002AA241071)]     

TCF Bleaching of Populus tomentosa Kraft Pulps with H2O2 Pretreatment under Acid Condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H2O2 pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H2O2 is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15.     

麦草氧碱法纸浆压力/温度过氧化氢漂白

麦草氧碱法纸浆经压力/温度H2O2(Ppt)漂白时,纸浆的卡伯值随H2O2用量和氧压的提高而下降,卡伯值从17.3下降至2.38,下降幅度达86.2 %,表明Ppt漂白时,脱木质素效果明显.若采用氧脱木质素 -鳌合处理 -压力温度H2O2漂白(OQPpt)和氧脱木质素 -酸处理 -压力温度H2O2(OAPpt)漂程,当H2O2用量为原料质量的3 %～4 %时,均可将麦草氧碱纸浆漂至白度80 %(SBD,以下同)左右,而采用OAPpt漂白比OQPpt漂白的纸浆的白度高2.0 %左右,且聚合度达到1 038左右.     

氧漂过程中脱木质素与木质素氧化之间定量关系的研究

对氧碱漂白过程中木质素氧化进行定量分析,分析方法是基于氧化前后高锰酸钾消耗量的变化。该方法对溶出残余木质素的氧化结果分析发现其呈明显3个阶段：第一段木质素氧化的当量电荷数约4～5／木质素单元;木质素总氧化电荷数大约为9／木质素单元。这些数据以及甲氧基的脱除（75％）均表明：木质素的氧化不仅发生在酚型木质素单元,同时也发生在非酚型结构单元上。只有第一阶段氧化反应是木质素与氧气直接反应,而在第二、三阶段主要是协同氧化作用,氧化反应过程中产生的活性氧基团扮演了一定角色。通过对低浓度针叶材硫酸盐浆的氧漂研究发现：当卡伯值下降一半（25．4至13．4）时平均每个木质素单元氧化3当量电子,氧漂后的纸浆中仍然有大量未被氧化的残余木质素。定量地证明了在氧漂过程中木质素氧化是脱木质素反应的实质。     

Biobleaching of unbleached and oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp by culture filtrate containing manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium

Unbleached and oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp (UKP and OKP), respectively, were bleached with a culture filtrate containing manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. The brightness increases of UKP upon biobleaching with the culture filtrate with and without MnSO₄ were the same. The brightness increase of OKP with MnSO₄ decreased to about half that seen without MnSO₄. Changes in the brightness of UKP and OKP by treatment with the culture filtrate were determined. The brightness increased sharply by about eight points during the first 3h. The 3-h treatment was repeated seven times. The brightness increased linearly with the bleaching of UKP. On bleaching of OKP, the brightness increased slowly and stopped at about 78%.Part of this report was presented at the 62nd Pulp and Paper Research Conference of the Japan Tappi, Tokyo, June 1995     

毛白杨蓝变木材漂白处理技术研究

木材是一种生物材料,是天然合成的有机体,易受到外界环境的作用而变色.对表面装饰装修材料而言,蓝变会大大降低其品质,严重影响木材的价格、销售和使用范围(刘元,1993);对于商品用材,蓝变是造成其经济损失最大的缺陷.