家具结构设计中力学仿真模拟研究方法综述

文中采用文献研究法分析了近年来力学仿真模拟方法在家具结构设计研究中的应用,归纳目前主要的应用范围、研究目的及研究方法,阐述研究方法的特点及应用。力学仿真模拟方法在家具结构设计中主要应用于实木和板式连接结构的评估、优化与设计,通过对家具连接的结构形式、受力状态及其他条件方面的模拟,验证家具结构的力学性能。根据研究目的不同,仿真模拟方法在家具结构设计研究中的应用分为设计新型家具连接件并验证方案的可行性以及评估和优化现有家具结构的强度和刚度2个方面。     

基于突变理论的单板层积材弯曲蠕变破坏分析和探讨

引入突变理论中的尖点破坏理论,分析单板层积材蠕变变形过程中所产生的不连续现象,利用势函数模型解释蠕变过程中跳跃点的产生和单板层积材的突变破坏机理.裁荷和时间是势函数中的两个控制变量,其不同的变化方式是影响单板层积材蠕变变形性质和变形最终能否导致结构破坏的重要因素.     

基于ABAQUS的实木椅座框架结构力学分析研究

随着计算机技术的迅速发展，有限元法被应用于众多工程类问题的非破坏性模拟测试。为提高家具产品研发效率，减少破坏性试验，以3种实木椅座框架结构为研究对象，通过试验法测定了框架材料桦木的部分力学性能参数，同时运用ABAQUS软件对材料强度及静载荷与冲击载荷下3种实木椅座框架结构的应力值进行分析比较。结果表明：ABAQUS软件应用于实木椅框架结构受力分析可行；在恒定载荷1 600 N情况下，3种实木椅框架结构中模型3的应力值最小，为最佳静力学结构；在相同冲击力下，模型2整体受到的应力最小，动力学结构最佳。该研究为家具企业产品设计及实现成本节约提供参考。     

应用有限元法验证重组竹材料在家具中的应用

重组竹是一种物理性能优异,突破了传统加工模式,可全面代替木材应用于家具制造的新型竹材料。以经典靠背椅为例,应用有限元软件ANSYS做仿真分析,对比重组竹、花梨木、榆木3种材料在受力状态时的应力和形变,研究重组竹材料在家具制造上的应用价值。     

一种控制柜柜体结构设计及优化

阐述了一种控制柜柜体结构设计,对控制柜柜体散热、进线方式和柜体的起吊设计进行说明.为降低后期控制柜批量生产成本,对柜体结构设计进行优化,用仿真分析软件SolidWorks Simulation对底座进行受力分析,确定底座采用4 mm钢板折压焊接,同时对控制柜的吊攀设计进行优化,满足工程使用的方便性,该控制柜已进行小批量...     

基于稳健设计思想的家具结构优化设计

总结家具结构设计中存在的问题,探索系统、科学、定量且操作性强的家具结构设计方法以提高低质材家具结构强度和稳定性,降低生产成本。引入结构稳健设计思想和田口实验法,利用有限元软件结构模拟分析优化家具结构的外观和强度设计。有限元软件可以降低家具结构设计的复杂程度,提高设计效率;合理利用稳健设计田口实验法可以提高家具结构的稳定性,降低成本。     

家具板材封边生产线的转向机构研究设计

目前国内家具板材封边生产线大多有生产效率低、生产成本高的问题,4台封边机生产线可以有效改善这一问题.为保证4台封边机生产线在运行过程中的连续性和流畅性,需要设计一个转向机构.转向机构根据家具板材的生产节拍、运输速度以及生产线占地面积等综合因素进行设计,确保可以准时、稳定的完成家具板材的直角拐弯运输工作.本文主要介绍了转向机构的设计方案、基本结构以及工作原理,用solid works软件建立模型对其进行受力分析,在ADAMS软件上进行主要部件的动态仿真,为以后的优化做基础.     

综合信息

国内单板层积材的现状与市场前景近年来,国内单板层积材没有展开应用研究,也没有其产品的应用领域的性能规范,应该说我国的单板层积材生产还处于起步阶段。在华东地区,一些企业开始用杨木生产非结构用单板层积材,用来制造家具;吉林省一些企业用落叶松为原料, 根据日本农林水产省JAS《构造单板层积材》生产单板层积材     

美国住宅建筑中用竹子层积材替代木材

<正>对用竹子层积材作为替代结构材料进行了可行性调查。在传统上,用的是原竹结构,而在本文的研究中采取了与众不同的方法。本研究着重对竹子层积材这复合材料作了研究。竹子层积材是用原竹制作成的一种标准化工业产品,可用于制作许多产品,如地板、家具和其他建筑材料。近来,竹层积材在美国还没有大量用于商业建筑。     

桉木单板层积材家具角部“L型构件”接合强度研究

以速生桉木单板层积材为基材,榫接合连接、螺钉连接的L型构件为研究对象,通过对桉木层积材家具接合构件进行抗拉和抗弯力学性能试验,观察、分析8种不同榫接合方式对"L型构件"接合强度的影响。研究结果表明,榫接合强度与接合面积有关,接合面积大则接合强度高;桉木单板层积材本身强度对榫接合无影响;采用偏心连接件、倒刺螺母螺杆连接件的接合强度较低,接合部位不够牢固,在家具的使用过程中容易产生松动。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.