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钾素在我国果树优质增产中的作用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
根据国内外有亲报导和作者的研究就钾素对果树的作用机理、施后对果树的影响、适宜用量、时期、方法以及与磷、氮配施比和钾肥品种选择等方面,作了较为详细的介绍和讨论。并就我当前围绕提高果料品质对策中,确认采取以增施钾肥为中心的平衡施肥重要性以及钾肥在我国果树生产中应用前景作了详述。 相似文献
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葡萄是喜钾果树,钾对葡萄果实品质、植株抗逆性影响甚大。基于陕西葡萄优生区礼泉县的葡萄生产经验,总结了葡萄园钾肥的主要种类、施肥方法以及相关的注意事项,为生产者科学施用钾肥提供参考。 相似文献
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葡萄是喜钾果树,钾对葡萄果实品质、植株抗逆性影响甚大。基于陕西葡萄优生区礼泉县的葡萄生产经验,总结了葡萄园钾肥的主要种类、施肥方法以及相关的注意事项,为生产者科学施用钾肥提供参考。 相似文献
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植物生长调节剂在果树上的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
我国著名果树专家华中农学院章文才教授,今年八月应民盟中央的邀请,在北京参加多学科学术讲座,就我国果树事业发展中的学术问题,作了若干专题报告,其中有《植物生长调节剂在果树上的应用》、《组织培养在果树上的应用》、《果树病毒病及无病毒良种繁育》、《果树抗寒性及抗寒育种》等。这些报告对我国果树的科研和生产具有重要的指导意义。本刊从这期起陆续发表,以飨读者。 相似文献
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营养是结果的基础。钾素能促进果树养分转运、果实膨大、组织成熟、加粗生长和提高抗性。但具体到生产实践中,钾肥的来源有哪些?怎样合理施用钾肥?果树能施用氯化钾吗?……等等,有些果农还时常来信来电咨询这方面的问题。为此,本刊记者陈新平采访了果树营养专家、中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所黄显淦研究员。 相似文献
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正五六月苹果园如何管理才能达到事半功倍呢?现在就目前果园6月份管理的种种误区叙述于后,很果农在管理中予以借鉴,少走弯路。误区之一:6月份一般正常年为夏旱,而且时间较长,但又正是果树花芽分化始期和幼果细胞分化期以及果树需水需肥的临界期,此时浇水既利花芽分化又利细胞分裂,而第1次的细胞膨大可减轻秋季果面微裂。误区之二:单一施化肥。果树生长需要综合营养,单一施肥,不论是氮肥,还是磷肥、钾肥都对果树生长发育不利,而应是轻氮重磷钾复合肥,同时给树体上喷微量元 相似文献
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<正>果树的施肥方法对果树的生长和肥料的利用效率有重要影响。不当的施肥方法不仅不能有效促进果树的增长,甚至可能伤害果树的生长,并影响结实率,导致果树减产。因此,在果树施肥的过程中应当遵循有机肥为主,氮、磷、钾肥适当的比例,采用测土配方的施肥,结合果树生长需肥规律,采用适合的方法提高肥料利用率,具体应注意以下几方面。 相似文献
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<正> 我国的果树多种植在丘陵山地,土壤瘠薄,土层浅,蓄水保墒能力低,这些因素在很大程度上制约着果树的增产;因此,探求山地果园的节水管理措施,对促进果树生产的发展具有重要意义。近年来,提倡和推广果园覆草,获得了较好的综合效益,本文拟就果园覆草对土壤及果树的效应作以综述,同时对应用中存在的一些问题提出讨论。 相似文献
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钾对猕猴桃果实品质与贮藏的影响 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
为提高猕猴桃果实品质与耐贮性,以7年生美味猕猴桃品种米良1号(Actinidiadeliciosacv.Miliang-1)为试材,进行果实生长发育期施钾处理对果实品质与贮藏性能影响的研究。结果表明:适量施钾能提高果实硬度及可溶性固形物与维生素C含量,降低果实含酸量,提高果实耐贮性。在0-4℃贮藏条件下,以株施纯K2O80g+叶面喷施0.3%硫酸钾处理果实贮藏效果最佳,贮藏73d时,其软果率最低(15.56%),果肉硬度最高(0.27MPa)。同时果实维生素C含量的下降趋势较为平缓,果实贮藏寿命延长。贮藏6个月时,株施纯K2O80g+叶面喷施0.3%硫酸钾处理的果实好果率(68.89%)明显高于对照果实(0)。 相似文献
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A. C. Hulme 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):118-124
Tomato plants of two varieties (Potentate and Immuna) were grown for four seasons with different combinations of magnesium and potassium sulphate in heated glasshouses. Magnesium sulphate was applied either to the soil or as a foliar spray, with untreated plots as controls ; these treatments were combined factorially with two levels of soil potassium. The effects of the treatments on the magnesium and potassium contents of the soil, as extracted by 0 5N-acetic acid, are recorded.Chlorosis of the leaves was widespread where magnesium was not applied. Foliar spraying effectively controlled the deficiency symptoms; treatment of the soil with magnesium sulphate was only partially successful in the first season but increasingly satisfactory thereafter.In only one of the four seasons was there a significant increase in yield J due to the correction of magnesium deficiency. In that year (1959) the yields at the higher level of potassium were increased by 15%and 12%by the soil and spray treatments respectively (P=0·001).The magnesium treatments slightly improved fruit quality as assessed by visual grading, mainly at the very low level of potassium in the last two seasons. The dominant factor affecting fruit quality was potassium, however, which markedly increased the proportion of uniformly coloured fruit and reduced the incidence of ripening disorders.It is suggested that magnesium deficiency should be controlled by supplying this nutrient rather than by reducing the application of potassium salts below the quantity necessary for high fruit quality.Variety Immuna gave higher yields and better quality fruit than Potentate throughout the trial. 相似文献
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毛花猕猴桃‘华特’(Actinidia eriantha Benth‘Walter’)果实采后经50和75 mmol · L-1草酸钾处理后在常温下贮藏,果实腐烂率显著低于对照,贮藏15 d比对照分别降低6.7%和10%,贮藏中后期果实硬度和维生素C含量显著高于对照;草酸钾处理降低了果实在贮藏前期的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,推迟了呼吸跃变,抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、木聚糖酶(Xyl)和β–半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)的活性,这些生理效应与草酸钾处理有效延缓果实后熟软化进程密切相关。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(4):379-390
Off season induction of flowering and fruit production is a desirable economical and scientific goal with many subtropical fruit trees. Both objectives have been accomplished by the application of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors with mango and a few other fruit trees. Recently the same was achieved with longan trees (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) after treatment with potassium chlorate. This treatment allows the efficient induction of flowering and fruit production all over the year in an obviously species-specific manner.Experiments are described that investigated several aspects of this KClO3 treatments, such as methods of application, seasonal effects, reactiveness of different cvs. toward the chemical, influence of leaf age, etc. The results are discussed with respect to the practical application of KClO3 for off season fruit production, but also under the aspect of its use for more basic investigations into the endogenous regulation of the flowering induction process in perennial fruit trees. 相似文献
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在温室基质栽培条件下,以番茄材料A20为试材,采用2因素5水平响应面中心复合设计,研究不同的氮钾营养组合处理对番茄单株产量、果实品质及叶片碳氮代谢产物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着氮营养的增加(74~414 mg · L-1范围内),番茄叶片碳氮代谢产物和酶活性均呈先上升后下降趋势;随着钾营养的增加(101~525 mg · L-1 范围内),番茄叶片糖含量和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)活性呈增加趋势,而氮代谢产物和蔗糖合成酶(SS)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性呈先上升后下降趋势。通过建立各指标与氮钾二因子的二次回归方程发现,氮钾营养是影响番茄叶片氮代谢和碳代谢的主要因子,氮钾互作对叶片游离氨基酸含量和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性影响显著。相关性分析显示番茄产量、品质与叶片碳氮代谢之间具有较高的相关性,氮钾共同作用于番茄叶片的碳氮代谢过程,进而影响番茄产量和品质。综合分析试验结果,当营养液氮营养为300~350 mg · L-1、钾营养为370~520 mg · L-1 时,番茄叶片碳氮代谢旺盛,产量和品质达到较高水平。 相似文献