MD疫苗免疫雏鸡攻击vMDV后IL—2及IL—2R的变化

接种马立克氏病三价疫苗的雏鸡，用马立克氏病强毒攻击，免疫保护指数为７３．３％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ｖＭＤＶ感洒雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加；接种火鸡疱疹病毒疫苗的雏鸡，用ＶＭＤＶ攻击，免疫保护指数为５６．７％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ＶＭＤＶ感染雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加。     

SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后白细胞介素2和干扰素诱生 …

对１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）后,胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）诱生活性于１４￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,感染后２１￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾淋巴细胞干扰素（ＩＦＮ）的诱生活性于感染后７￣４９ｄ极显著     

鸡T淋巴细胞IL－2的体外诱生及活性检测

经Ｌ１６（４５）正交试验选择，并经实验验证，鸡脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件为２．５μｇ／ｍＬ伴刀豆蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）、ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间２０ｈ、１×１０７／ｍＬ淋巴细胞、１０％小牛血清、靶细胞培养时间４８ｈ、４×１０６／ｍＬ靶细胞、靶细胞接触时间３６ｈ、５ｍｇ／ｍＬＭＴＴ、ＭＴＴ加入时间３ｈ和甲溶解时间２ｈ；胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件为５μｇ／ｍＬＣｏｎＡ、ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间４８ｈ，余同脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生及活性检测。比较试验表明，ＭＴＴ比色分析法和３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入法有显著的直线回归关系。     

阻断淋巴细胞糖皮质激素受体对鸡免疫功能的影响

为进一步证明糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）在介导淋巴细胞免疫功能中的作用,观察ＧＲ阻断鸡对马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）的感受性,用ＲＵ４８６阻断鸡淋巴细胞ＧＲ,当ＧＲ被阻断６０％以上时（ＲＵ４８６剂量为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,鸡脾细胞诱生ＩＬ－２和ＩＦＮ活性及Ｔ、Ｂ细胞丝裂原刺激增殖活性均明显降低;外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞、ＡＮＡＥ＋细胞减少;脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺重量与体重之比的相对重量减轻,淋巴细胞系统免疫功能呈低下状态。此时雏鸡对ＭＤＶ的易感性增高。当ＧＲ被阻断不足３５％时（ＲＵ４８６剂量为２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,对淋巴细胞系统免疫功能无影响。     

鸡T淋巴细胞IL—2的体外诱生及活性检测

经Ｌ１６正交试验选择，并经实验验证，鸡脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件的２．５μｇ／ｍＬ伴刀豆蛋白Ａ，ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间２０ｈ，１×１０＾７／ｍＬ淋巴细胞、１０％小牛血清、靶细胞培养时间４８ｈ，４×１０＾６／ｍＬ靶细胞，靶细胞接触时间３６ｈ，５ｍｇ／ｍＬＭＴＴ，ＭＴＴ加入时间３ｈ和甲替溶解时间２ｈ；胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平     

分泌抗IBDV独特型抗体细胞株的建立

应用提取纯化的抗ＩＢＤＶ ＩｇＧ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测筛选，经有限稀释法克隆２次，获得了２株（２Ｂ６株、５Ｆ４株）分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，并能诱生Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠产生高效价的含抗ＩＢＤＶ独型抗体腹水。     

肉用鸡垂体—肾上腺轴与免疫功能关系的研究

以艾维茵肉鸡为试验动物，研究了垂体－肾上腺轴在传染性腔上囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）强毒株攻击时对免疫系统的调节作用。结果表明，用ＩＢＤＶ强毒株攻击后，试验鸡垂体－肾上腺轴活动加强，血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）和皮质酮（Ｆ）上升，抗ＩＢＤＶ抗体、白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）和白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）上升，Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率下降。未经ＩＢＤ疫苗免疫的鸡由于免疫系统遭到ＩＢＤＶ破坏，在ＩＢＤＶ强毒株攻毒后，抗Ｉ     

雏鸡感染CIAV后细胞因子与免疫功能变化

本实验研究了１日龄雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后免疫器官Ｔ细胞的ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ、ＣＳＦ诱生活性、Ｔ细胞与Ｂ细胞增殖反应的动态变化。结果表明，雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后：（１）胸腺和脾脏Ｔ细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性分别于７～２１ｄ不１７～１４ｄ明显降低；（２）脾脏淋巴细胞ＩＦＮ诱生活性于７～１４ｄ显著减弱；（３）胸腺淋巴细胞ＣＳＦ诱生活性于１４ｄ未见异常，２１ｄ明显升高；（４）胸腺和脾脏Ｔ细胞增殖反应分别于１４ｄ和７～２１ｄ明显减弱：（５）法氏囊和脾脏Ｂ细胞增殖反应分别于７～２１ｄ和２１ｄ显著减弱；（６）胸腺重量与体重比值、法氏囊重量与体重比值、体重均明显降低；（７）外周血液ＰＣＶ、ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ、ＷＢＣ、血栓细胞（血小板）数值均明显降低。     

中国流行株ＨＩＶ—1gag—gp120与ＩＬ／ＩＬ—６共表达核酸疫苗质粒的构建和

以pcDNA3.１( ）为载体，构建了中国流行株ＨＩＶ－1gag-gp1２０嵌合基因的核酸疫苗质粒；并以pIRES1neo为载体，构建了gap-gp120与ＩＬ－２／ＩＬ－６共表达的２种核酸疫苗质粒。将核酸疫苗质粒在体外转染ＢＨＫ－２１细胞，ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测到３种核酸疫苗质粒均表达了目的ＨＩＶ－１结构蛋白。将核酸疫苗质粒免疫小鼠，免疫学指标检测结果表明，在本实验条件下，未能检测到含有gap-gp120的核酸疫苗质粒免疫鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的明显改变；而与ＩＬ－２／ＩＬ６共表达的２种核酸疫苗质粒使免疫鼠ＣＤ^ 4、ＣＤ^ 8T细胞数量明显升高，ＣonA和ＬＰＳ诱导的细胞增殖能力显著增强，ＣＴＬ活性明显提高，表明ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－６有效地发挥了免疫佐剂作用。     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体中和株的建立

将纯化的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）组织毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ，病毒中和试验检测分泌抗体，获得了６株稳定分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ单隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞，命名为ＮＩＢ－１，ＮＩＢ－２，ＮＩＢ－３，ＮＩＢ－４，ＮＩＢ－５，ＮＩＢ－６；６株ＭＣＡｂ均具ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性，亚类鉴定表明，前４株属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，后２株属于ＩｇＧ１。杂交瘤细胞冻存６个月后复苏，均     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.