从生态旅游植被景观特征分析普陀山旅游对植被的影响

通过实地取样,选取植被景观特征指标,分析普陀山旅游植被景观特征与地理因子的关系。结果表明,在自然地理因子中,海拔和植被景观特征关系最为密切。在人文地理因子中,游径宽度和旅游影响系数相关系数达到0.584,同时和植被层盖度、景观重要值形成极显著相关,说明植被景观受人为活动影响较大。植被层盖度、景观重要值、物种多样性、群落结构比和耐阴种比值之间多呈显著正相关,说明它们之间有着较为一致的生态反映,而耐阴种比值和伴人种比值与其他植被景观特征值的相关性很小,说明这2个指标作为植被生态环境质量评价的因子,在本研究区域不能很好地反映植被景观特征。     

“玉米杂交种选育专家系统”简介

“玉米杂交种选育专家系统”是在总结我国著名玉米遗传育种学家李竞雄教授等玉米育种家经验的基础上,应用知识工程方法和专家系统技术建立的。系统由主控模块和数据库管理、杂交组合选配模块及6个库文件组成,用以确定骨干自交系、匹配自交系选择和杂交组合配置,以清单方式提供咨询结果,给出骨干自交系和相应组合,并作出适当解释。     

福建武夷山自然保护区植被景观格局研究

为全面了解武夷山自然保护区的植被景观格局现状,借助地理信息系统ArcGIS和景观结构分析软件Fragstats,提取福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观斑块的数量、面积和周长等信息,选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性等景观格局指数,从植被景观的斑块特征和景观的空间异质性2个方面对福建武夷山国家级自然保护区植被景观格局进行研究。结果表明：（1）研究区有灌丛、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、竹林、针叶林、中山草甸、人工植被、阔叶矮曲林和落叶阔叶林等9种植被景观类型,各景观类型的斑块数、面积和周长分布极不均匀,针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林是研究区的主导景观类型。（2）在植被景观类型水平上,选取分维数、破碎度和聚集度进行景观异质性研究,针阔混交林的分维数最大,为1.1678,边界形状最不规则;人工植被的破碎度最大,为0.0503,受到人类活动影响最大;各植被景观类型的聚集度都在95%以上。（3）在植被景观水平上,选取分维数、破碎度、聚集度、均匀度和多样性指数等5个指标分析景观异质性,其值分别为1.1479、0.6298、98.1909%、0.6629、1.4565;研究区各景观形状较规则,破碎度小,聚集度高,各景观空间分布不均匀,总体多样性水平较低。该研究结果可以为自然保护区的植被景观格局的整体规划和生态环境的保护提供基础数据支持。     

冬小麦新品种选育专家系统的设计与实现

“冬小麦新品种选育专家系统”是在总结我国著名小麦遗传育种学家经验的基础上,应用知识工程方法和专家系统技术建立的计算机程序系统,用以进行亲本选配、后代处理和品种评价。系统以Turbo-Prolog语言实现,可在长城系列微机和兼容机上运行。 本文介绍了系统的基本结构、知识表示方法、推理策略、主要功能、特点和应用情况。     

安徽省小麦主要病害预测及管理系统研究

利用Visual Basic 6.0组建了安徽省小麦纹枯病和赤霉病等病害预测及管理系统，系统由病害诊断、预测及防治决策、系统说明等模块组成。整个系统采用菜单提示选择和人机对话方式，使用者只需在合适的运行环境下启动该系统，便可出现主菜单，然后根据自己的目的，从菜单中选择所要执行的项目或输入必要的信息，即能得到满意的运行效果。系统的用户界面友好，一切操作均有屏幕汉字提示。系统经过测试，达到了设计要求，能够准确可靠地运行，与传统的人工管理系统相比，具有明显的优越性。     

农田边界植物多样性与生态服务功能研究进展

农业集约化和城市化导致农业景观重要生境发生巨大变化,农田野生动植物数量下降。农田边界作为农业景观中重要的组成部分,其丰富的物种组成,不仅具有重要的生态功能,也具有重要的景观价值。本研究对农业生态系统农田边界植物多样性进行阐述,论述了影响农田边界植物多样性的影响因素和生态服务功能。综述研究显示,农田边界具有类型多样性、物种多样性、植物功能类型多样性及时空结构多样性特征;其影响因素主要包括4个方面：农田边界结构、农田边界管理、周边土地利用影响以及景观结构特征的影响;农田边界生态功能包括：生产、环境保护、野生动植物保护和景观美学功能等;最后总结了不同类型农田边界生态植被营建模式与优化途径,对中国农田边界植被管护提出了一些建议。     

安太堡露天煤矿排土场景观结构及其分形研究

将平朔安太堡露天煤矿复垦区的5个排土场按照植被覆盖和地形划分为8个基本景观类型,包括耕地、草地、草灌混交、灌木混交、乔草混交、乔灌混交、新造复垦地和退化地,总计496个斑块。利用3S技术和分形理论对景观结构进行了分析,并讨论了景观特性及其变化的分形性质。结果表明：分维数的大小反映了景观斑块面积、斑块数量和平均斑块面积等因素的相互作用,反映了排土场内景观斑块的不规则程度和复杂程度;乔灌混交地和灌木混交地保持着较高的分维数,新造复垦地和草地的分维数较低,其它景观类型的分维数则差别不大;植被景观受多种因子的影响,在南排土场、西排土场受地表物质组成和地形的影响为主,其多样性指数较高,在内排土场、西排扩大区受植被类型的影响为主;草灌混交地的景观多样性远高于其它现有的复垦植被区,但其景观优势度则保持在较低水平上。南排、西排及西排扩大区的景观过程以控制水土流失、增加植被覆盖为主,内排则着重发展兼顾经济、生态和社会多种效益的生态农业和高效农业。     

基于知识模型的作物适应性评价专家系统设计

系统引入了知识模型概念,建立了以知识模型为特征的知识系统,将知识工程、数据库有机结合,采用正向与反向相结合的推理控制策略,建立了基于知识模型的作物适应性评价专家系统,实现了作物适应性评价的计算机辅助决策,具有较强的跟踪解释能力。用本系统对江苏省地区小麦适应性还进行了实例分析。     

区域农业景观视觉资源评价——以滦县为例

农业景观是中国重要的乡村景观资源,为了有效利用、建设和规划景观资源,笔者以滦县为案例,通过视觉质量和视觉敏感度对研究区域进行综合评价。视觉质量以VRM系统为基础从地貌、植被、水体、色彩、毗邻风景、视觉愉悦度等6个指标进行了评价;视觉敏感度选择相对坡度、相对视距和可视频率作为评价指标进行评价。将两种评价结果利用GIS系统等权重叠加,用自然断点法将视觉资源分为4个等级,Ⅰ级占总面积43.65%、Ⅱ级为37.21%、Ⅲ级为15.17%、Ⅳ级为3.97%。结果表明：滦县总体视觉资源较好,但中部一些乡镇景观视觉资源有待提高。     

自然旅游地植被影响评价指标的应用研究

本文首次总结前人研究旅游对植被影响的各项指标,运用频度分析法、理论分析法和专家咨询法对指标进行优化和筛选,构建综合评价指标体系。指标体系由植被生态、植被景观、物质生态环境质量和景区质量管理四个方面11个指标构成。根据旅游影响和各项指标的正负相关性,将11个指标分为两类,分别提出了相应的计算方法,更直观全面地表达出旅游对植被的影响程度。     

专家系统在果树中的应用及研究进展

专家系统是一种模拟人类专家解决领域问题的计算机系统,它主要分为知识库、综合数据库、推理机、解释器、接口等几部分。现今,国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类;在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等;果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发,还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。今后随着信息技术的不断发展,利用果树学的特点结合先进的计算机理论和技术,将开发出动态的、更具智能化的果树专家系统。     

RS-based Evaluation of Forest Cover Changes in Nanling National Nature Reserve

3S technology was applied to analyze spatio-temporal changes of landscape pattern in Nanling National Nature Reserve and the driving forces. The results showed that the study area was dominated by forest landscape from 1988 to 2009, accounting for 95% of the total area, among all forest landscapes, evergreen broadleaved forest accounted for the largest ratio(50%). In terms of landscape fragmentation, landscape density index of the study area increased, landscape fragmentation was aggravated; patch density of core zone declined slightly, mean patch area of all landscape types increased, landscape fragmentation decreased slightly; buffer zone and experimental zone witnessed the aggravation of fragmentation. In terms of landscape diversity, landscape pattern of the study area became increasingly complex, diversity index increased, landscape heterogenization was enhanced; landscape diversity of the core zone increased slightly, that of the buffer zone increased greatly, but that of the experimental zone declined and landscape heterogenization reduced. Landscapes in the whole area grew more diversified, while landscape pattern of the core zone was simplified, that of the buffer zone witnessed slight changes, and that of the experimental zone kept consistent with that of the study area. In terms of driving forces of landscape pattern change, natural factors have contributed to the landscape changes in the study area, but human factors such as forest management, forest tourism, local residents an economic factors played a dominant role. With the increasing external interventions to the landscape pattern change, the contradiction between landscape eco-environment protection and resource development and utilization in Nanling National Nature Reserve will be increasingly sharpened.     

Expert System for Artificial Intelligence Blast Furnace Smelting Process

In order to upgrade traditional industry and realize the automation of furnace condition judgement and standardization of operation, an expert system for various furnace conditions and breakdown judgement and operation guidance on blast furnace are developed based on the theory of artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering. The system is fulfilled through C++Builder and combined with the actual production picture. The system has efficient and convenient man-machine interface by using menu operation method. The testing and operation of actual production data in simulation system indicate that the system is exact and reliable and can provide both the warning of various furnace breakdown and corresponding operation guidance.     

Optimize graphics reasoning technlogy and its application on sheep diseases curing expert system

Expert system is a program system that prossesses special knowledge and esperience, is reasoning solving process which simulates experts according to special konwledge and espericence with artificial intelligence. This paper discusses the decision-making technology and method of expert system based diagram reasoning, the optimized diagram reasoning is also pointed out. The development technology and method of sheep diseases curing system is expatiated.     

A Vovel Constracture of Combinatorial Knowledge Base for the Expert System of Eletrical Switching

By comparing the techniges of the production and the logic predicate for knowledge representation, this paper presents a kind of constructure of combinatorial knowledge base applied to the expert system for switch operation in electric power system . This constructure of knowledge base to be expanded and revised easily,and it is cinvenitnt to build the general shell of the expert system.     

Research of Expert System for High-rise Buildings Foundation Scheme

In this paper, the factors influencing the foundation scheme of high-rise buildings are analyzed. In accordance with the complex hierarchical structure and the uncertainty of foundation scheme, a knowledge base of hierarchical structure is set up and an inexact reasoning is realized. Then, the expert system for high-rise buildings foundation scheme (TBFES) is built on the knowledge base with the expert system tool CLIPS.     

基于Virtools 的园林三维漫游系统的设计与实现

本文在分析虚拟现实技术及园林景观特点的基础上,基于 Virtools 平台,进行了园林三维漫游系统的设计与开发,实现了多视点、多场景的游览。对开发中所遇到的问题进行了分析并予以解决,研究了 Virtools 技术应用在园林中的意义,实践了虚拟现实技术在园林中的应用。     

Organically Combinatorial Inference and Optimization in Intelligence System

The inference algorithm is the most important part in intelligence system because the level of intelligence in the system is decided by it. By means of the mutual benefit for inference algorithm of expert system ,fuzzy logic and neural network ,the combinatorial inference technology which is organically composed of these three parts is put forward for inference mechanism in intelligence system. The optimization decision model is also set up. In order to bring all the advantage of every inference algorithm into play and overcome the disadvantage of single inference algorithm the common expert knowledge base is applied to organic combination and concurrent operation of all inference algorithm. In order to realize knowledge share the inference results are optimized by decision technology optimization. The research results show that the organized combinatorial inference and optimization can be applied in engineering practice effectively and is benefit for raising the inference level.