孵化问题剖析(下)

22畸形可能原因有:种蛋贮存不恰当;种蛋的剧烈震动,或运输时种蛋倒置;遗传;营养缺乏,如生物素、核黄素、锌或镁;翻蛋不足;种蛋的姿态不恰当,如种蛋小头向上;孵化温度高或低;种鸡疾病;通风不足,或蛋壳的通透性差。23曲趾,八字腿可能原因有:孵化温度高或低;营养不足;光滑的出雏盘底。24绒毛短,无弹性可能原因有:营养缺乏,尤其是核黄素;霉菌毒素和其它毒素或抑制物质,造成营养缺乏;1～14d孵化温度高。25眼睛闭锁,粘有绒毛可能原因有:出雏器温度太高;出雏器湿度太低;绒毛收集器不足;出壳后,雏鸡在出雏器中的时间太长;出雏器中气流太快。26爆蛋来…     

孵化问题剖析（下）

22畸形 可能原因有：种蛋贮存不恰当；种蛋的剧烈震动，或运输时种蛋倒置；遗传；营养缺乏，如生物素、核黄素、锌或镁；翻蛋不足；种蛋的姿态不恰当．如种蛋小头向上；孵化温度高或低；种鸡疾病；通风不足，或蛋壳的通透性差。     

樱桃谷种鸭孵化工艺流程(上)

(一)种蛋的收集只有良好的种蛋,才能孵出健康、优良的雏鸭.首先,要对鸭舍送来的种蛋进行挑选,把选好的种蛋小头朝下放入盘中,把不合格的剔除.合格蛋蛋重为80～100克,颜色符合该品种颜色的特征,蛋表面清洁、无裂痕、无暗纹、无破损,不能过大、过长、过圆,蛋形指数在1.35～1.45,过大、过小的种蛋、沙皮蛋、薄皮蛋、钢皮蛋、软皮蛋等不能上孵.     

异常孵化结果的剖析

孵化生产过程中，应该经常通过实验剖检胚蛋(包括死胚和活胚)等手段检查胚胎发育状况，以便及时发现并解决问题。如果出雏后，出现孵化结果异常，如孵化率有较大幅度降低，成雏鸡质量突然变差时，应该及时分析原因，对症施冶，尽力降低损失。那么怎样确定造成异常孵化结果的原因呢?总结多年孵化生产经验，我们认为应该从几个方面按一定步骤来分析。首先要确定是种蛋质量问题还是孵化技术操作的问题。对于一些明显的特征性的症状，比如雏鸡粘毛、脐部愈合不良、腹大等基本可以认定是孵化条件控制不当造成的。     

家禽孵化专题讲座(五)

五、影响孵化效果的因素孵化场生产上的经济盈亏,主要取决于孵化效果(即孵化率和健雏率)的高低。但是在生产实践中,孵化效果优劣不一,难得稳定于高水平,这是从事孵化生产人员的深刻体会。孵化效果受许许多多内在因素和外     

家禽孵化专题讲座(六)

六、孵化效果的检查与分析种蛋在孵化过程中,通过照蛋、称重、解剖以及啄壳出雏时的一系列检查,及时发现胚胎发育是否正常,了解胚胎死亡情况,并分析其原因后应立刻采取调整孵化条件、改进种禽饲养管理和加强种蛋管理工作等措施,以提高孵化效果和经济效益。孵化效果的检查和分析方法,常用的有下列几种,现分别叙述如下。     

家禽孵化专题讲座(一)

一、禽蛋的构造和成分(一)蛋的构造禽蛋在形状、大小和色泽上虽有差异,但在构造上基本相同,都是由蛋壳、蛋壳膜、蛋白、蛋黄和胚珠或胚盘等部分所构成.蛋的构造如下图所示(见文末图):1.蛋壳蛋壳在蛋的最外层,质地坚硬.蛋壳外面有一层胶质护壳膜,是在蛋产出后由附在蛋壳表面的水溶性粘蛋白干燥而成的一层薄膜.壳上膜能封闭蛋壳上的气孔,限制蛋内水分的蒸发,防止细菌或霉菌等微生物侵入蛋内.禽蛋经过雨淋、洗涤、磨擦     

家禽孵化专题讲座(三)

三、胚胎发育与物质代谢(一)家禽的孵化期家禽的孵化期是指受精蛋置在母禽体下或孵化器内进行孵化,胚胎继续发育,形成雏体至出壳的日数。各种家禽由于生物学特性不同,而有其一定的孵化期,如表1所示。     

各类动物妊娠(孵化)期

动物在饲养管理良好、健康无病或无其他应激状态下,其繁殖孵化期变动范围不大.各类动物妊娠(孵化)期见下表.     

蛋鸡饲养急待解决的问题

1雏鸡成活率、健壮率、高标准均匀度成活率、健壮率、高标准均匀度是雏鸡饲养中具有依存关系的三个问题。1.1成活率获得高成活率必须具备三个条件:健雏、适宜的饲养环境、科学管理。健雏是基础,环境和管理是条件。获得健雏,必须认真选择供雏场家,对供雏场家要有三点要求,即健康的种鸡群、高品质的新鲜种蛋、高水平的孵化技术。饲养环境的打造和饲养管理工作都是饲养者的人为体现,是建立在饲养科学技术基础之上的,这里所说的饲养科学技术,是人为供给雏鸡的饲养条件,能够基本符合或完全满足雏鸡的生物学要求。试验证明,健康雏鸡在适宜的温度、…     

小规模家禽的孵化

<正>一旦掌握孵化相关的步骤和技术之后(虽然一开始看上去并不是如此),鸡蛋的孵化过程相对来说就很简单。其他家禽品种诸如火鸡、水禽的孵化步骤与鸡类似,不过在孵化时间和适用条件方面存在些许差异。本文着重鸡蛋孵化应注意的事项。     

Storage of hatching eggs

An experiment is reported in which hatching eggs were stored in a room at 12.7° ± 1.1° C. for up to 3 weeks after storage on the farm for 2 to 5 days. The eggs were stored in the room on keyes trays in part open‐sided wooden boxes or in sealed Cryovac bags or in sealed Cryovac bags flushed out with nitrogen before sealing. It was found that the normal decline in hatchability with storage time was reduced by storage in bags.

There was no difference in hatchability between bags with or without nitrogen though there was an indication that the proportion of cull chicks at hatching was reduced by storage in bags flushed out with nitrogen for eggs stored more than 8 days.

The effect on hatchability of the storage in bags is pinpointed as resulting from reduced embryonic loss between fertilisation and the 2nd day of incubation. This disagrees with a previous result and it is suggested that differences in genetic origin of eggs may account for differences in time of effect of storage treatment.     

Acceleration of hatching in the domestic fowl

Eggs of the domestic fowl were stimulated from the 19th day of incubation until hatching by artificial clicks at one of two rates which, in the quail, have been found effective (1) in accelerating and (2) in retarding the development and hatching time of the foetus. The time at which each stimulated egg hatched was determined and compared with those of three control eggs kept in the same incubator. All four eggs were kept as far apart from each other as possible. Of the ten eggs given accelerating stimulation all hatched before the mean hatching time of the controls and nine before any of the controls. Of those given retarding stimulation seven hatched after the mean hatching time of the controls but only five after all the controls.

It is concluded that hatching can be advanced in the domestic fowl if the egg is given the appropriate stimulation, but that there is no evidence of the retardation of hatching under the conditions provided.     

种蛋的孵化技术

1 种蛋的选择 种蛋质量是提高孵化率的首要条件.种蛋选择对于提高孵化率至关重要,种蛋品质低劣,既使有良好的孵化条件,孵化率也难以提高,雏鸡质量也会受到不良影响.     

扬子鳄人工孵化技术探讨

广州动物园自2003年始连续4年对扬子鳄的人工孵化进行探讨.结果表明,温度28～32℃,湿度92%～98%较适宜人工孵化扬子鳄,能取得理想的孵化率,孵化期为59～76天.在合适的孵化温度范围内,温度愈低,则孵化期愈长,出雏的幼鳄卵黄吸收较好,发育较完全;温度愈高,则孵化期愈短,胚胎发育不完善,出雏后较难饲养.     

奶牛养殖小区存在的隐患及对策

近年来,我国的奶牛养殖业发展迅速,奶牛养殖小区(托牛所)的数量也像雨后春笋般地出现,这对提高奶牛业集约化、规模化程度、提高牛奶质量、提高奶牛饲养管理水平起到了重要作用。但是,养殖小区也存在较大的隐患,如不及时加以正确对待,并采取切实有效的措施,将来会给我国的奶牛养     

The process of hatching in geese and ducks

The process of hatching in goose and duck From the 4th to the 16th or 17th day of incubation the wall of duck and goose amnion actively, peristaltically and rythmically contracts 20 and 12 times per minute, respectively. A pause of five seconds follows each 5th contraction. The contractions also passively influence the yolk sac, the allantois and the air cell. The M. complexus grows more than four times its original size during the 24th to the 27th day of incubation. It contains two kinds of myosin: neonatal myosin (200,000 Dalton) and adult myosin (480,000 Dalton). The amounts of the adult myosin present at the time of hatching is about 15 times the amount in the skeletal muscles. The process of hatching is described in the duck and goose.     

谈谈提高孵化率的体会

随着养禽生产的发展,如何提高种蛋孵化率,早已为人们所关注。通过２０多年的孵化生产实践体会到:要提高孵化率,须先从种鸡抓起,同时配合好其它措施。１种鸡质量１．１种鸡的健康水平种鸡是优质雏鸡的基础,其健康与否直接影响种蛋和雏鸡质量。只有饲养健康优良的种鸡群,才能保持种鸡健康良好的种用体况和繁殖能力,保证有高的产蛋率、受精率和孵化率。为确保种鸡健康,种鸡场必须通过采取综合措施,认真贯彻实施“防重于治”的方针;建立健全防疫制度;加强防疫设施;制定并实施行之有效的防疫措施;建立定期的免疫监测、预防接种和消毒制度。对一些…