共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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转基因动物研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
转基因动物技术始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,近 3 0年来 ,随着研究的深入 ,转基因动物的制作技术得到了突破性的发展。最初的原核注射法是应用最普遍、最可靠、效果最稳定的一种方法。但该方法存在价格昂贵 ,整合率低及不能定点整合的问题 ,所以近几年来转基因动物技术已出现了胚胎干细胞法 ,精子载体法 ,体细胞核移植法和人工酵母染色体法等一系列新方法。随着这些技术的不断发展 ,转基因动物技术应用正以其突出的优越性指导着多个领域的工作。目前 ,它的应用已渗透到基础理论、疾病动物模型、人异种器官移植、制药、畜牧兽医等领域。转基因动物应用正走向产业化的道路 ,具有十分广阔的前景。但作为一个新兴的技术 ,转基因动物研究还面临着一些急需解决的问题 相似文献
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转基因技术作为一种分子生物手段,其安全性存在两面性,要因势利导、发挥积极作用、扼制负面影响,使其造福人类和社会。目前,尚无转基因产品存在安全问题的有力证据。国际社会、多数科学家和我国政府部门对转基因产品持积极态度,经有关部门批准上市的转基因产品是安全的。 相似文献
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转基因技术是现代生物技术中一个重要的研究领域,是21世纪生物技术发展的热点之一,目前已有转基因猪、牛、羊等多种转基因动物问世.笔者对动物转基因研究方法以及其在家畜研究上的应用进行了综述.同时指出了转基因动物还存在的问题.最后就其未来发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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转基因动物技术在分子免疫、免疫耐受、自身免疫、移植免疫、抗感染免疫和免疫防治等研究中的应用日益广泛。表达功能性重排的 T细胞抗原受体 (TCR)的转基因动物的应用加深了人们对 TCR基因重排、T细胞在胸腺中的发育过程、αβT细胞和γδT细胞分化途径及 T细胞免疫耐受形成机制的认识 ;免疫分子及其受体转基因动物成为研究其功能的直接手段 ;病毒及病毒受体转基因动物为研究病毒致病机制、抗病毒治疗及疫苗评价提供了新的模型 ;自身免疫病和用于移植免疫研究的转基因动物模型成为探讨疾病发病机制及治疗手段的有力工具。目前利用转基因动物已生产出多种抗体、干扰素、IL-2、TNFα、G-CSF、L F等诊断和治疗性生物活性蛋白 相似文献
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Van Reenen CG Meuwissen TH Hopster H Oldenbroek K Kruip TH Blokhuis HJ 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(7):1763-1779
This paper considers (potentially) harmful consequences of transgenesis for farm animal welfare and examines the strategy of studying health and welfare of transgenic farm animals. Evidence is discussed showing that treatments imposed in the context of farm animal transgenesis are by no means biologically neutral and may compromise animal health and welfare. Factors posing a risk for the welfare of transgenic farm animals include integration of a transgene within an endogenous gene with possible loss of host gene function (insertional mutations), inappropriate transgene expression and exposure of the host to biologically active transgene-derived proteins, and in vitro reproductive technologies employed in the process of generating transgenic farm animals that may result in an increased incidence of difficult parturition and fetal and neonatal losses and the development of unusually large or otherwise abnormal offspring (large offspring syndrome). Critical components of a scheme for evaluating welfare of transgenic farm animals are identified, related to specific characteristics of transgenic animals and to factors that may interact with the effects of transgenesis. The feasibility of an evaluation of welfare of transgenic farm animals in practice is addressed against the background of the objectives and conditions of three successive stages in a long-term transgenic program. Concrete steps with regard to breeding and testing of transgenic farm animals are presented, considering three technologies to generate transgenic founders: microinjection, electroporation and nuclear transfer, and gene targeting including gene knockout. The proposed steps allow for unbiased estimations of the essential treatment effects, including hemi- and homozygous transgene effects as well as effects of in vitro reproductive technologies. It is suggested that the implementation of appropriate breeding and testing procedures should be accompanied by the use of a comprehensive welfare protocol, specifying which parameters to monitor, at which stages of the life of a farm animal, and in how many animals. Some prerequisites and ideas for such a protocol are given. It is anticipated that systematic research into the welfare of farm animals involved in transgenesis will facilitate the use of the safest experimental protocols as well as the selection and propagation of the healthiest animals and, thereby, enable technological progress that could be ethically justified. 相似文献