牛糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子1基因(G1yCAM1)的遗传多态性分析

以中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛为研究材料.利用CRS-PCR、PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术检测了糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子l基因(GlyCAMl)的遗传多态性.结果表明,在牛ClyCAMl基因外显子3的第2081(A/C)和内含子3的2417(C/T)位点存在突变.两位点在3个牛群中的等位基因频率A/B分别为0.7525/0.2475、O.6112/0.3888和0.3375/0.6625;0.9046/0.0954、O.8383/0.1617和0.7875/0.2125;经х2适合性检验,3个牛群在内含子3的突变达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),在外显子3鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),中国荷斯坦牛的突变在此位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P相似文献   

中外不同猪品种生长激素基因遗传多态性检测

成熟的猪生长激素(pGH)分子由190个氨基酸组成,分子量为22kD。1987年Vize等^[1]成功地获得了猪的GH基因,该基因全长为2231bp,由5个外显子和4个内含子构成。Thomoson等^[2]将pGH基因定位于12号染色体短臂1区1带。Yerle等^[3]用高分辨G带染色体原位杂交将pGH基因定位于     

牛CXCR1基因编码区单核苷酸多态性的研究

本研究采用巢氏PCR、DNA测序和CRS-PCR方法,研究中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛的CXCR1基因编码区的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）,发现了819（G/A）、995（G/A）和1008（C/T）3个SNPs,其中995（G/A）和1008（C/T）为首次报道的两个位点,995（G/A）导致氨基酸的改变Arg422His。CXCR1基因819（A/G）、995（A/G）、1008（C/T）3个位点在中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛群体的优势等位基因相同,分别为G、G、C,其等位基因频率分别为0.63/0.73/0.71、0.60/0.85/0.71、0.74/0.76/0.71。经χ2适合性检验,鲁西黄牛在995（A/G）和1008（C/T）位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）;渤海黑牛的所有位点均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,荷斯坦牛在3个位点均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P<0.05）。3个品种牛在819（A/G）和1008（C/T）位点均表现为中度多态（0.25相似文献   

藏绵羊MHC-DRB1基因第3外显子的PCR-SSCP检测及其序列分析

为了研究藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子多态性,确定其等位基因数、核苷酸多态位点、变异类型和各等位基因间的遗传关系,本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法,分析了500只藏绵羊(Ovis aries)DRB1基因第3外显子多态性,并对不同等位基因进行克隆和测序。结果表明,藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子表现了8个等位基因,8个单倍型序列分析发现了15个核苷酸多态位点,与GenBank序列对比分析,有7个DRB1的等位基因是首次发现。8个DRB1第3外显子的单倍型序列NJ系统发育树呈2支分化趋势。3个种群藏绵羊中B均为优势等位基因,该位点PIC>0.5,为高度多态且显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。研究认为,藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子具有丰富的多态性;藏绵羊DRB1基因最初是由2个等位基因突变分化成两大类等位基因。     

草原红牛及其杂种后代A-FABP第4外显子遗传多态性分析

本研究选取没有亲缘关系、月龄相同、并在同一条件下饲养的草原红牛个体78头,草原红牛与利木赞第一代杂交后裔128头进行颈静脉采血提取基因组DNA,并利用PCR-SSCP技术对其肉质性状相关的A-FABP基因第4外显子进行遗传检测分析。研究结果表明,草原红牛A-FABP基因第4外显子区域表现AA、BB和AB共3种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.59、0.04和0.37;基因频率分别为0.61、0.39;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.37,杂合度(He)为0.48,属于中度变异。草原红牛与利木赞牛杂交后代群体也检测到2个等位基因、3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.23、0.58和0.19;等位基因频率为0.52、0.48;PIC为0.38,He为0.50。据本研究结果可知草原红牛及杂交后代群体遗传变异较大、具有一定选择潜力,能够较好利用分子遗传标记手段指导育种。     

西安地区荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因位点遗传多态性与泌乳性状的相关分析

首次以IGFBP-3基因作为中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的候选基因，对中国荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因位点中4个多态基因位点与泌乳性状进行了相关分析。κ-cn、β-lg、β-lg 5′侧翼区和IGFBP-3多态基因位点基因型与泌乳性状的最小二乘分析和多重比较表明，κ-cn基因位点基因型对所有的性状影响不显著；IGFBP-3 BB型的305 d泌乳量显著高出AA、AB型1054.17 kg和838.15 kg (P <0.05)， AB型的乳蛋白率显著高于BB型(P< 0.05)；β-lg AA型对乳脂率与乳蛋白率的比值有正效应，AB型对乳蛋白率具有负效应；β-lg 5′侧翼区AA型的305 d泌乳量显著高于AB型(P <0.05)，AA型的乳脂率显著高于BB型(P < 0.05)， BB型的乳蛋白率显著高于AB型(P <0.05)。     

牛BoLA-DRB3基因第2外显子多态性及其序列分析

BoLA-DRB3基因是牛主要组织相容性复合物(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)基因家族中的Ⅱ类基因,它是该基因家族中最主要的功能基因,所编码的MHC抗原与免疫应答和抗病性密切相关。其第2外显子编码抗原的主要功能区。实验采用PCR-RFLP方法对鲁西牛、南阳牛和晋南牛3个群体的BoLA-DRB3基因第2外显子扩增产物进行多态性分析,检测到A、B和C3个等位基因,出现6种基因型。χ2适合性检验结果表明,鲁西牛和晋南牛在HaeⅢ酶切位点均达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),而南阳牛未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。结合测序,结果显示在BoLA-DRB3基因第2外显子的第154、155、156和157位的碱基产生突变使得产生HaeⅢ酶切多态。序列比对后发现有13.70%的核苷酸发生突变,相对应有14.61%的氨基酸发生了替代。     

牛CXC趋化因子受体1基因(CXCR1)编码区单核苷酸多态性

采用巢式PCR、DNA测序和CRS-PCR方法,研究了牛(Bos taurus)3个品种中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛的chemokine(C-X-Cmotif)receptor1(CXCR1)基因编码区的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs).发现了819(G/A)、995(G/A)和1008(C/T)3个SNPs,其中995(G/A)和1008(C/T)为首次报道的2个位点,995(G/A)导致氨基酸的改变Arg422His.CXCR1基因819(A/G)、995(A/G)和1008(C/T)3个位点在中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛群体的优势等位基因相同,分别为G、G和C,其等位基因频率分别为0.63/0.73/0.71、0.60/0.85/0.71和0.74/0.76/0.71.经适合性检验,鲁西黄牛在995(A/G)和1008(C/T)位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);渤海黑牛的所有位点均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,荷斯坦牛在3个位点均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05).3个品种牛在819(A/G)和1008(C/T)位点均表现为中度多态(0.25相似文献   

荷斯坦牛DRA基因多态性及序列特征分析

为探讨荷斯坦牛DRA基因的多态性及序列特征,本研究采用基因组DNA混合池扩增并直接测序的方法对荷斯坦牛DRA基因编码区进行多态性分析,同时利用生物信息学方法预测DRA基因的理化特性及其编码蛋白的高级结构。结果表明,荷斯坦牛DRA基因编码区上有4个碱基突变,包含1个错义突变和3个同义突变。DRA基因共编码253个氨基酸,编码产物是一种稳定的不可溶蛋白,具有15个潜在的磷酸化位点,二级结构为混合型,三级结构由α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲组成。本研究结果为荷斯坦牛的疾病相关基因筛选和抗病分子育种提供了一定的理论依据。     

转化生长因子β1基因(TGF-β1)外显子2的单核苷酸多态性及其与两个山羊品种产羔数的相关分析

为寻找与山羊(Capra hircus)产羔数密切相关的分子标记,加快山羊育种进程,研究转化生长因子β1基因(TGF-β1)遗传多态性与山羊产羔数的相关性,根据牛的TGF-β1基因序列设计3对引物,采用PCR-SSCP.和DNA测序技术检测山羊TGF-β1基因外显子2和内含子3的多态性,同时用最小二乘法研究了其多态性与产羔数的关系。结果表明,在波尔山羊和陕南白山羊中,仅第二外显子148bp位点碱基发生A→G的突变,导致苏氨酸(Thr)变为丙氨酸(Ala);多态位点均以A为优势等位基因,基因频率分别为0.530和0.648。在波尔山羊的1～3胎产羔数中,AB型个体的产羔数显著高于BB和AA型个体(P<0.05);在第四胎产羔数和平均产羔数中,AB型个体的产羔数显著高于AA(P<0.05),显著高于BB(P<0.05);BB型个体的平均产羔数显著高于AA型(P<0.05)。在陕南白山羊中,AB型个体的2～4胎产羔数和平均产羔数显著高于AA和BB型个体(P<0.05);在第一胎中,AB型个体显著高于AA型个体(P<0.05)。研究结果表明TGF-β1基因多态位点与产羔数显著相关,可以用于山羊分子遗传育种的候选基因。     

16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析牛粪发酵细菌多样性

将养殖粪便进行资源化处理,尤其是将粪便堆肥发酵后变为生物肥料还田,具有重要的经济、社会和生态效益。之前关于细菌在堆肥过程中的研究,大部分采用实验室培养、分离、鉴定的方法,由于受培养方式的限制,仅能分析粪肥中有限的细菌类别。16S r RNA基因作为生物物种的特征核酸序列,被认为是最适于细菌系统发育和分类鉴定研究的指标。本研究使用16S r RNA基因高通量测序技术,分析了牛粪自然发酵与添加益生菌剂发酵过程中细菌种群的多样性变化。结果表明,1)新鲜牛粪、自然发酵1个月、自然发酵6个月的牛粪中细菌种群并没有明显的变化规律,说明自然发酵过程主要依赖于新鲜牛粪中携带的细菌种群;2)添加益生菌发酵后,细菌种群明显不同于不自然发酵过程中的细菌种群,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌显著增加,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌显著减少,说明益生菌剂能够显著改变堆肥过程中的细菌种群。本研究对于理解牛粪堆肥过程、提高堆肥效果,以及新型堆肥益生菌剂的开发都具有重要意义。     

小金海棠Fe（II）转运蛋白基因在拟南芥突变体中的功能互补研究

MxIrt1基因是从小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）中克隆得到的Fe（II）转运蛋白基因，具有“ZIP基因家族”的保守功能域，推测该基因与苹果中铁的转运吸收有关。本研究构建MxIrt1基因的植物表达载体pCWIrt，通过农杆菌介导转化拟南芥IRT1突变体irt1-1。GUS染色以及Southern杂交检测结果显示，MxIrt1基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中。在缺铁胁迫条件下，转基因植株提高了突变体irt1-1的耐缺铁能力，表明MxIrt1基因参与了铁的吸收。     

Use of the chloroplast gene ycf1 for the genetic differentiation of pine nuts obtained from consumers experiencing dysgeusia

Pine nuts are a part of traditional cooking in many parts of the world and have seen a significant increase in availability/use in the United States over the past 10 years. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) field offices received 411 complaints from U.S. consumers over the past three years regarding taste disturbances following the consumption of pine nuts. Using analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, previous reports have implicated nuts from Pinus armandii (Armand Pine) as the causative species for similar taste disturbances. This method was found to provide insufficient species resolution to link FDA consumer complaint samples to a single species of pine, particularly when samples contained species mixtures of pine nuts. Here we describe a DNA based method for differentiating pine nut samples using the ycf1 chloroplast gene. Although the exact cause of pine nut associated dysgeusia is still not known, we found that 15 of 15 samples from consumer complaints contained at least some Pinus armandii, confirming the apparent association of this species with taste disturbances.     

The use of microsatellite polymorphisms to characterise and compare genetic variability in Avena strigosa and A. barbata

Microsatellite (SSR) polymorphism was assessed across 90 diploid Avena strigosa Schreb. and tetraploid Avena barbata Pott ex Link accessions obtained from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection using 105 genomic SSRs. Eleven polymorphic SSRs that detected 69 different alleles were identified and used to genotype the 90 accessions, which were chosen from a larger set of 385 accessions based on geographical source-diversity and variable reaction responses to five Australian pathotypes of the crown rust pathogen Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Eriks. Eight diploid and eight tetraploid clades were identified among the 90 accessions. Diploid accessions displayed the lowest genetic diversity, with all accessions being at least 86 % similar, and included accessions from countries in the Americas such as Canada, USA, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, and European accessions from France, Romania and Poland. Although both species formed distinct clusters in the dendrogram, a few instances of diploids showing high similarity with tetraploids and vice versa were observed. An AMOVA analysis revealed 86 % of the total genetic variation to be distributed within the two oat species, while between-species differences accounted for only 14 %. Heterozygosity (H) index values of 0.32 and 0.40 were obtained for diploids and tetraploids respectively. Our study effectively differentiated A. strigosa and A. barbata, and identified 11 SSRs suitable for future characterisation of accessions of the two species.     

Nucleotide polymorphisms of the maize ZmCWINV3 gene and their association with ear-related traits

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Cell-wall invertases (CWINVs), responsible for the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose, play important roles in plant development. Maize (Zea mays...     

Rice genetic diversity at farm and village levels and genetic structure of local varieties reveal need for in situ conservation

Rice genetic diversity partitioning between farms, varieties and, within-variety diversity, were analysed in two villages of Maritime Guinea with contrasted agroecological conditions. One thousand and two hundred individual plants belonging to 45 accessions collected in eight farms were genotyped using 10 SSR markers. The molecular variance was evenly shared between and within accessions, while the farm effect was almost nil. Local varieties had a multi-line genetic structure. The number of multilocus genotypes was proportional to the utilisation rate of the variety in the village. The F _ST values between different accessions of each variety were significant which indicated low genetic consistency in the variety names. This varietal structure could mainly be explained by the migration phenomenon and the high varietal turnover. Compared to allelic diversity, multilocus genotypic diversity seemed to be the most suitable indicator of the quantitative distribution of diversity at different management scales (accession, farm and village). The within- and between-farm F _ST values were in the same order of magnitude. The within-farm diversity was not farm-specific but quantitatively high, i.e. up to 50% of the total genotypic diversity of a given village. Given the relative importance of the within-variety diversity, the in situ approach stands out as the most effective solution. As farms do not host specific diversity the in situ approach could be implemented by working with a small number of farms.     

中国小麦品种醇溶蛋白Gli-1和Gli-2编码位点等位基因组成分析

利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)方法,鉴定分析了我国部分重要小麦品种或种质醇溶蛋白Gli-1和Gli-2编码位点等位基因组成特点.36个品种的研究结果表明,我国小麦品种在醇溶蛋白几个主要位点上均存在较大的变异度,Nei氏遗传变异系数(H)达0.775.6个位点一共检测到59个不同的醇溶蛋白等位基因,其中出现频率较高的有8个等位基因,即Gli-B2g(55.56 %)、Gli-D1k(50 %)、Gli-A1a(33.33 %)、Gli-A2f(30.56 %)、Gli-B1b(22.22 %)、Gli-D1f(22.22 %)、Gli-B2b(22.22 %)和Gli-D2g(22.22 %).国外品种中很少的4个等位基因(Gli-D1f、Gli-A2f、Gli-B2g和Gli-D2g)在我国具有较高的频率.可作为1BL/1RS易位标记的Gli-B1l等位基因在中国品种中的频率较高.另外,还发现一些优质醇溶蛋白等位基因(如Gli-B1b、Gli-B2c、Gli-A2b等)在我国品种中出现的频率很低,这可能是中国小麦品种品质普遍较差的一个原因.     

Restricted gene flow and genetic drift in recently fragmented populations of an endangered steppe bird

Identifying the genetic processes derived from habitat fragmentation is critical for the conservation of endangered species. We conducted an integrated analysis of genetic patterns in the endangered Dupont’s lark (Chersophilus duponti), a circum-Mediterranean songbird threatened by the loss and fragmentation of natural steppes in recent decades. After sampling all the remaining Spanish populations and the two closest North African ones, we found that the Mediterranean Sea acts as a major barrier against gene flow and that recent habitat fragmentation is isolating Spanish populations at different spatial scales. While we found a historical signal of gene flow among Spanish regions, a coalescent model supported that the ancestral panmictic population is evolving into several different units in the absence of current gene flow, genetic drift being more intense in the smaller and more isolated populations. Moreover, small-scale spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that genetic differentiation is also acting within populations. The spatial genetic structure, significant levels of inbreeding and high relatedness within patches raise concerns on the viability of most of the extant populations. We highlight the urgency for steppe patches to be protected, expanded and reconnected, considering the genetic clusters identified here rather than the previously considered eco-geographic regions occupied by the species. Meanwhile, translocations could be considered as a complementary, faster management action to attenuate the crowding and genetic effects of population fragmentation and the extinction risk of small populations without compromising the current local adaptations, culture diversity and genetic clusters already known for the species.     

Analysis of genetic diversity in Piper nigrum L. using RAPD markers

RAPD analysis was conducted in 22 cultivars of P. nigrum(black pepper) from South India and one accession each of P. longum and P. colubrinum. Twenty-four primers generated 372 RAPD markers of which 367 were polymorphic. Jaccard's similarity between pairs of accessions ranged between 0.11 and 0.66 with a mean of 0.38. Among P. nigrum cultivars, the similarity ranged between 0.20 and 0.66 and the mean was 0.42. The existence of wide genetic diversity as revealed in the present study is supported by earlier reports of extensive inter- and intrapopulation morphological variability in pepper cultivars from South India. UPGMA dendrogram and PCO plot revealed P. colubrinum to be most distant of the three species. Genetic proximity among P. nigrum cultivars could be related to their phenotypic similarities or geographical distribution. Greater divergence was observed among landraces than among advanced cultivars. Landraces grown in southern parts of coastal India and those grown in more northern parts were grouped in separate clusters of the dendrogram.     

加装大风量风机对夏季湿帘降温奶牛舍的防暑降温效果分析

低屋面横向通风(Low Profile Cross Ventilated,LPCV)牛舍在华北地区应用,引发高温高湿问题.为解决此问题,该研究选择石家庄某奶牛场的2栋不同尺寸的LPCV牛舍,加装数量不同的轴流风机.结果表明:轴流风机的工作效率受牛舍跨度以及其安装位置的影响,30 m跨度牛舍运行更稳定,风速不均匀系数小于...