Effect of components of leaching medium on the leaching of benzalkonium chloride from treated wood

Different leaching media composed of watersoluble extracts from Sakhalin fi r, Japanese cedar, and Japanese larch heartwoods and of taxifolin were used to characterize leaching of the C12 and C14 homologues of benzalkonium chloride from treated wood. The leaching medium of Sakhalin fi r extract moderately accelerated the leaching rates of the two homologues. Japanese cedar extract accelerated the leaching of the C12 homologue at a similar rate and that of the C14 homologue at a higher rate. Japanese larch extract remarkably accelerated the leaching rates of both homologues, particularly that of the C14 homologue. Thus, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was higher than that of the C12 homologue with the Japanese cedar and larch extracts. The media of taxifolin, a major phenolic extractive of Japanese larch, preferentially accelerated the leaching rate of the C14 homologue. The amounts of phenolic compounds in the different leaching media were in the following order: Japanese larch > Japanese cedar > Sakhalin fi r. These results indicate a relationship between the amount of phenolic compounds and the leaching rates of the two homologues.     

ACQ和CuAz防腐处理对木材力学性能的影响

采用水溶性铜防腐剂(ACQ)和铜唑类防腐剂(CuAz)加压浸注处理臭冷杉木材,研究了药液处理浓度和后期干燥条件对木材抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度的影响。t检验表明,本试验条件下,经两种防腐剂处理后,木材的抗弯弹性模量保持不变或略微增加。通过分析与对照素材试件的t检验比较,表明两种防腐剂处理前、后木材的抗弯弹性模量差异不显著。ACQ和CuAz防腐处理对木材抗弯强度有一定影响,ACQ处理使得木材抗弯强度整体上略有下降,而CuAz处理由于保持量相对较低,对木材抗弯强度未见明显下降趋势。后期干燥方式对木材抗弯强度亦未见明显规律性的影响。     

CC及ACQ-B防腐剂处理木材的抗流失试验

对于氨溶性季铵铜ACQ-B处理的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)及尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)试材，在吸药量为3.0～6．0kg／m^2时，按标准AWPA M11-87测定的流失率小于2.50％。比较ACQ—B与CC两种处理材，当吸药量(以CuO计)相当时，CC的流失率较ACQ—B大。ACQ—B可用于与地接触的人工林木材处理，如农用材或建材。     

ACQ木材防腐剂及防腐处理木材

为使民众更多的了解和使用ACQ木材防腐剂和防腐处理木材，本文对其基本理化性质、防腐性能、对人、畜和环境的安全性、对木材性质的影响、处理工艺以及注意事项等作了详细的介绍。     

季铵铜防腐木中有效成分的流失性试验

以季铵铜防腐剂处理南方松为原材料,参照美国AWPA E11-06标准,分析不同pH值、不同温度的水环境对季铵铜防腐木中有效成分流失率的影响。结果表明:铜和DDAC的总流失率在pH 9时的碱性环境明显小于其在酸性环境下的流失率,在pH 3时,分别达到最大值40.80%和44.43%;随着温度从室温(10℃)升高到30、50℃,铜和DDAC的流失率均明显增大;在14 d的流失时间里,铜和DDAC的流失率呈现出随时间递减的规律,并且DDAC比铜更容易流失到环境中。     

季铵铜防腐木中有效成分总流失率的动力学分析

以季铵铜防腐剂处理的南方松为试材,参照美国AWPA E11-06标准,分析10、30和50℃3种温度条件下防腐木中有效成分的总流失率,并基于时间-温度叠加原理,运用阿伦尼乌斯方程,进行总流失率的动力学分析.结果表明:3种温度条件下铜和DDAC的流失趋势是一致的.根据铜和DDAC总流失率,得出防腐木表面的活化能为Ea=54.59 kJ/moL,相关系数R2达到0.98以上,拟合性较好,由此证明可以用动力学分析方法预测ACQ防腐材中铜和DDAC在10～50℃温度范围内总流失率变化.     

Effects of microwave post-treatments on leaching resistance of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir

In order to improve the leaching resistance of active ingredient-copper in ammoniacal copper quat-type D (ACQ-D) treated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.),microwave post-treatments were carried out.The percentages of leached copper from ACQ-D treated Chinese fir with different microwave post-treatments were obtained after leaching tests by analyzing the copper retention in treated wood.The fixation mechanism of copper in the treated wood was determined with the help of SEM and FTIR spectra,while t...     

无胶杨木中密度纤维板工艺和结合机理的初步研究

本研究以杨木为原料,NaOH、HNO_3、H_2O_2作活化剂制造无胶中密度纤维板(MDF)。在实验参数范围内,通过数学分析得到了最优工艺条件;在温度变化条件下用电子自旋共振波谱测得的自由基浓度及其变化,对无胶胶合的结合机理进行了初步探讨。     

Green-color conservation of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) treated with chromium-based reagents

The objectives of this study were to search for appropriate chemical reagents without arsenic to use as green-color protectors for ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) culms and to compare the effectiveness of these reagents for green-color conservation. Bamboo culms treated with chromated copper phosphate (CCP) or chromated phosphate (CP), which were developed by us, exhibit a greener color than those treated with Boliden K-33 (type B chromated copper arsenate).The experimental results revealed that among the chemicals employed, CrO₃ and H₃PO₄ were key components in conserving the green color of bamboo epidermis, and their ratio definitely affected the effectiveness of green-color conservation. When the CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio was 11, the treated bamboo culms displayed the greenest color. Among all the bamboo culms treated with different formulations of inorganic salts, the one treated with CP (1% CrO₃, 1% H₃PO₄) had the best green-color conservation, enhanced by increasing the duration of treatment.     

Sorption of Cr(VI) on the wood of Japanese larch treated with concentrated sulfuric acid

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO ₄ ⁻ with the active sites of the sorbent.     

Protection and fastness of green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) treated with chromium-based reagents

The attractive green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culms fades without chemical treatment. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been used to protect the green color of bamboo, but CCA is harmful to factory workers and the environment. To overcome the toxicity of arsenic in CCA, two chromium-based formulas developed by the authors, chromated copper phosphate (CCP) and chromated phosphate (CP), were evaluated for their protection of the green color of moso bamboo. The results revealed that bamboo treated with CP had a greener color than those treated with CCA or CCP. The concentration, treatment time, and CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in CP solution greatly affected the color of moso bamboo culms. The attractive green color, which resembles the color of fresh-cut moso bamboo, was obtained by treating bamboo with 2% CP solution at 60°C for 3h, using a 11 CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in aqueous solution. In addition, the CP-treated moso bamboo exhibited excellent green color fastness in both accelerated ultraviolet lightfastness testing and outdoor weathering exposure.