密度和播期对六安地区亚麻生育期和产量的影响

试验研究表明,地处江淮的六安地区完全可以种植纤维亚麻,原茎产量以黑亚14号在播种量120kg/hm^2水平下最高,种子产量则以阿里安在播种量60kg/hm^2水平下为宜.而播期只对亚麻各生育时期的生长速度有影响,对原茎和种子的产量影响不大.     

浙江亚麻留种高产栽培技术研究

通过对浙江省冬闲田亚麻进行不同品种、播种量、播种方式和肥料用量的四因素正交高产栽培试验表明,影响原茎产量高低的因素为播种量＞播种方式＞肥料用量＞品种,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量4.0kg/666.7m2,撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的原茎产量最高.影响种子产量高低的因素为品种＞播种方式＞肥料用量＞播种量,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量3.0kg/666.7m2、撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的种子产量最高.     

亚麻播种量与施肥量研究

本文介绍了在当地生产条件下亚麻栽培三个关键要素,即播种量、复合肥磷酸二铵和尿素用量与亚麻原茎产量、种子产量和经济效益之间的关系.筛选出666.7 m2播种量160万粒,磷酸二铵施用10kg,尿素施用10kg的最佳方案,其原茎产量、种子产量最高、经济效益最好,在本试验中均处于最优水平.     

亚麻播种量与施肥量研究

本文介绍了在当地生产条件下亚麻栽培三个关键要素，即播种量、复合肥磷酸二铵和尿素用量与亚麻原茎产量、种子产量和经济效益之间的关系。筛选出666．7m^2播种量160万粒，磷酸二铵施用10kg，尿素施用10kg的最佳方案，其原茎产量、种子产量最高、经济效益最好，在本试验中均处于最优水平。     

浙江亚麻留种高产栽培技术研究

通过对浙江省冬闲田亚麻进行不同品种、播种量、播种方式和肥料用量的四因素正交高产栽培试验表明,影响原茎产量高低的因素为播种量>播种方式>肥料用量>品种,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量4.0kg/666.7m2,撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的原茎产量最高。影响种子产量高低的因素为品种>播种方式>肥料用量>播种量,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量3.0kg/666.7m2、撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的种子产量最高。     

亚麻新品种双亚12号选育报告

双亚12号是杂交(双亚5号×Viking)育成的纤维亚麻新品种.该品种具有优质、高纤、抗逆性强等优点.区域试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子产量分别为4947.5kg/hm2、811.0kg/hm2,1208.8kg/hm2和604.3kg/hm2,分别比对照品种增产9.8%、14.5%、11.5%和9.3%.生产试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子产量分别为5567.8kg/hm2、874.2kg/hm2、1321.5kg/hm2和541.0kg/hm2,分别比对照品种增产8.7%、16.4%、10.3%和8.8%.长麻率19.6%、全麻率29.8%,纤维强度257.3N.     

亚麻新品种双亚15号的选育

双亚15号是[87-424(双亚五号)×比引7号]杂交育成的纤维亚麻新品种.该品种具有优质、高纤抗逆性强等优点.区域试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子产量分别为5189.4kg/hm2、821.4kg/hm2、1233.0kg/hm2和652.7kg/hm2,分别比对照品种增产11.8%、18.6%、15.0%和13.0%.生产试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子产量分别为5593.5kg/hm2、901.1kg/hm2、1376.5kg/hm2和634.9kg/hm2,分别比对照品种黑亚11号增产11.3%、18.3%、12.8%和9.5%.该品种长麻率19.2%、全麻率29.2%,纤维强度262N.     

不同播种量和施氮量对黄华占直播产量及其构成因素的影响

以优质常规稻黄华占为材料,研究不同播种量和施氮量对直播稻产量及其构成因素的影响.结果表明,播种量、施氮量及其互作对直播稻产量有极显著影响.播种量57.5kg/hm2时产量最高,比播种量为22.5kg/hm2和52.5kg/hm2的处理极显著增产;施氮量和产量呈抛物线关系,210kg/hm2时产量最高;播种量增加,应适当...     

纤维用亚麻新品种双亚14号选育报告

双亚14号是以[(双亚3号×Hermes)×Hermes]×Hermes×Hermes回交育成,是我国采用回交育种技术育成的第一个纤维用亚麻新品种.该品种具有纤维含量高、纤维品质好、农艺性状优良等优点.区域试验原茎、长纤维、全纤维和种子产量分别为5659.7kg/hm2、907.6kg/hm2、1355.4kg/hm2和589.2kg/hm2,分别比对照品种黑亚11号增产6.6%、16.3%、18.1%和12.9%.生产试验原茎、长纤维、全纤维和种子产量分别为5338.4kg/hm2、849.4kg/hm2、1263.6kg/hm2和564.1kg/hm2,分别比对照品种黑亚11号增产12.2%、20.3%、18.4%和15.2%.长麻率20.0%,全麻率29.8%,纤维强度262.2N,纤维号22#.     

利用二次正交旋转设计优化亚麻栽培技术研究

为优化亚麻栽培技术,提高亚麻原茎产量,试验通过二次正交旋转设计分析了有效播种密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对冬播亚麻原茎产量的影响。发现供试条件下,各因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响大小顺序为有效播种密度（X1）〉氮肥（X2）〉钾肥（X4）〉磷肥（X3）,不同肥料间互作不显著。并得到优化后的亚麻高产栽培方案：有效播种密度在3454.8-3502.3万粒/hm2,N263.2-337.7kg/hm^2,P2O5用量75.5-99.7kg/hm^2,K2O用量242.5-316.8kg/hm^2。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。