不同药物对放牧山羊捻转血矛线虫驱虫效果比较试验

为了筛选山羊捻转血矛线虫的理想驱虫药物,对8组检出有捻转血矛线虫感染的山羊群分别采用不同剂量的阿苯达唑、盐酸左旋咪唑、伊维菌素以及阿苯达唑-伊维菌素预混剂进行驱虫效果对比试验。结果盐酸左旋咪唑、伊维菌素以及阿苯达唑-伊维菌素预混剂对山羊捻转血矛线虫驱虫后,虫卵减少率均达95%以上,而阿苯达唑驱虫后的虫卵减少率低于95%。表明左旋咪唑、伊维菌素以及阿苯达唑-伊维菌素预混剂对山羊捻转血矛线虫的驱虫效果较好,而阿苯达唑有一定的抗药性。     

四种药物防治小尾寒羊消化道线虫的效果观察

为了探讨小尾寒羊消化道线虫发病规律和药物防治效果,筛选驱虫效果最佳药物,试验随机选取小尾寒羊600只,分为芬苯达唑粉组、伊维菌素注射液组、阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂组、多拉菌素注射液组和生理盐水对照组,每组各120只。每组在试验前7天进行粪便虫卵检查,用药开始后,在每次用药的第7天分别进行粪便虫卵检查1次,在整个试验期间共检查4次。粪便虫卵检查采用饱和盐水漂浮法,计算粪便虫卵数、每克被检粪样中虫卵数量(EPG),比较每个试验组每个检查阶段的虫卵转阴率。结果表明:各组试验羊在用药7 d后虫卵转阴率由高到低依次为阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂组、伊维菌素注射液组、芬苯达唑粉组、多拉菌素注射液组,分别为92.5%、90.8%、90.0%和89.1%,阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂防治效果确实可靠,药效持续时间长,优于其他试验组。说明临床用药在防治小尾寒羊消化道线虫方面,阿苯达唑伊维菌素预混剂防治该病效果优于其他试验药物,值得推广应用。     

不同驱虫药物对奶山羊消化道线虫驱虫效果研究

本研究旨在观察不同驱虫药物对奶山羊消化道线虫的驱虫效果,为今后寄生虫病的防治筛选更好的驱虫药物。选取奶山羊96只,分3组,每组32只,分别投喂伊维菌素注射液、芬苯达唑粉和伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂3种驱虫药物,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特法检测驱虫前后线虫的感染情况。结果发现:伊维菌素注射液组虫卵转阴率为6.25%;芬苯达唑粉剂组虫卵转阴率为31.25%;伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组虫卵转阴率为50.00%。驱虫前后感染强度伊维菌素注射液组差异显著(P<0.05),芬苯达唑粉剂组差异极显著(P<0.01),伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,建议采用伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂作为奶山羊消化道线虫首选驱虫药物。     

3种驱虫药对陕北白绒山羊消化道线虫的驱虫效果比较

为了更好地了解常用驱虫药的驱虫效果,选择陕北白绒山羊开展驱虫研究。试验选取3种市场常用驱虫药(伊维菌素注射液、芬苯达唑粉、伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂),应用饱和食盐水漂浮法和虫卵计数法对陕北白绒山羊的消化道线虫驱虫前后的感染情况进行检测。结果表明,伊维菌素注射液组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为6.25%,感染强度由766.7降低至233.3;芬苯达唑组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为31.25%,感染强度由766.7降低至100;伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为50%,感染强度由766.7降低至167.0。建议在陕北白绒山羊生产中将伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂作为消化道线虫的首选驱虫药。     

伊维菌素预混剂对妊娠母猪的驱虫效果和安全试验

目的检测伊维菌素预混剂对妊娠母猪的驱虫效果及其安全性。方法以妊娠后期母猪为实验动物,分为3个实验组和1个对照组,比较了不同剂量的伊维菌素预混刺驱除猪体内寄生虫的效果。结果驱虫后d7,中、高剂量组粪便中蛔虫虫卵的减少率和转阴率均达到100％,而且直到用药后40d,粪便中都检测不到虫卵,表明伊维菌素预混剂能有效驱除猪体内寄生虫,且能保持较长时间不再感染。结论试验中未见到药物对妊娠后期母猪造成任何可见影响,说明了伊维菌素预混剂对妊娠母猪的安全性。     

猪鞭虫病的防治

为了深入研究猪鞭虫病的防治,笔者在确诊120头病猪为猪鞭虫病后,在其饲料中加入伊维菌素—芬苯哒唑预混剂和广谱抗生素氟苯尼考,加入剂量分别为500g/t、100g/t,疗程持续5～7d。结果发现,除15头病死猪进行焚烧外,其余105头病猪用药3d后,粪便中的虫体清晰可见,而用药7d后,105头病猪已逐步恢复正常。选用伊维菌素—芬苯哒唑预混剂和广谱抗生素氟苯尼考可有效驱除病猪体内的虫体;同时,通过加大消毒和清洗力度,来保证养殖场的环境,也可从根本上杜绝猪鞭虫病的发生。     

不同药物对猪三毛滴虫病的治疗效果观察

为了筛选出治疗猪三毛滴虫病的理想药物,对20例典型的猪三毛滴虫病分别采用甲硝唑、地美硝唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、地美硝唑联合磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠以及阿苯哒唑与伊维菌素预混剂进行临床治疗试验。结果:地美硝唑联合磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠组治疗效果最好,其次为甲硝唑组和地美硝唑组,磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠组有部分效果,而阿苯哒唑-伊维菌素预混剂组没有效果。试验结果可为临床上治疗该病提供参考。     

一种兽用阿苯达唑伊维菌素粉的制备及稳定性研究

以阿苯达唑、伊维菌素为主原料，十二烷基硫酸钠为润湿剂，倍他环糊精、聚乙二醇6000为助溶剂，主原料与辅料经过混合、研磨粉碎制得阿苯达唑伊维菌素粉。配方组合为质量比M（阿苯达唑）:M（伊维菌素）:M（十二烷基硫酸钠）:M（倍他环糊精）:聚乙二醇6000=10:0.2:8:20:61.8。考察制得的阿苯达唑伊维菌素粉水中分散性良好，符合干混悬剂的沉降体积比要求，按阿苯达唑伊维菌素粉的质量标准检测为合格，低含量的伊维菌素含量均匀度符合要求，可以实现难溶性药物阿苯达唑的拌料和饮水给药。密闭保存，长期试验24个月，性状、外观几乎无改变；干燥失重由2.4%升高至2.6%；阿苯达唑含量由99.2%下降至97.3%；伊维菌素含量由100.2%下降至97.0%，含量下降不超过药物标示量百分含量的10%，符合规定。该阿苯达唑伊维菌素粉配方组成合理，工艺简单科学、操作简便，产品质量合格且稳定，有效期暂定为2年。     

两种驱虫药物对猪蛔虫病的驱治效果观察

为了验证两种常用驱虫药对猪蛔虫病的疗效,采用临床诊断和实验室诊断相结合的方法,对在兽医临床中遇到的规模养猪户发生的猪蛔虫病进行了诊断,应用阿苯达唑、伊维菌素进行对猪自然感染寄生虫驱虫效果观察。结果:阿苯达唑10mg/kg剂量一次口服给药后7d的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为86.67%和91.47%;伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg剂量组消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为93.33%和95.66%;阳性对照组两次粪检,其EPG第二次比第一次略有增加。结果表明阿苯达唑10mg/kg剂量、伊维菌素0.2mg/kg剂量驱除猪蛔虫高效安全。     

不同驱虫药物对捻转血矛线虫驱虫效果对比试验

为了研究芬苯达唑片剂、伊维菌素片剂和伊维菌素针剂对绵羊体内捻转血矛线虫的驱虫效果,筛选出高效敏感性的驱虫药物,进行了药物驱虫试验。结果表明:伊维菌素的驱虫效果明显高于芬苯达唑,而且其针剂的作用速度和效果更加明显。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒双基因缺失突变株(HB-98株)安全性、稳定性和免疫原性测定

对以伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株为亲本毒株构建的TK和gG双基因缺失突变株（PrV HB-98株）的增殖能力、安全性、毒力稳定性和免疫原性进行了测定。结果表明，PrV HB-98株在BHK-21细胞上的增殖滴度为10^7.0 TCID50／0．1mL以上，与亲本毒株相当，但高于Bartha株；与PrV鄂A株相比，病毒量为10^7.0TCID50的PrV HB-98株不引起BALB／c小鼠的死亡，毒力也低于Bartha株；将PrV HB-98株在PK-15细胞连续培养25代和在猪体内上连续继代5次，各代次突变株TK基因和LacZ基因能被稳定扩增，未出现毒力回复现象．表明该毒株具有良好的遗传稳定性；以10^5.0、10^6.0、10^7.0TCID50等3个不同剂量的PrV HB-98株接种于妊娠50～60d母猪和1日龄仔猪，母猪均能正常产仔．仔猪也未出现任何临床症状，证明该毒株有较好的安全性。另外，以10^5.0TCID50的PrV HB-98株接种于妊娠50～60d母猪和1日龄仔猪，分别于接种后28d和20d，用10^7.0TCID50 PrV鄂A强毒进行攻击．结果免疫猪都能抵抗强毒的攻击．获得保护，表明该毒株具有很强的免疫原性。综合上述结果表明，PrV HB-98株可以作为候选毒株．用于伪狂犬病基因工程疫苗的研制。     

Porcine abortion outbreak associated with Toxoplasma gondii in Jeju Island, Korea

This report deals with the acute onset of an abortion outbreak and high sow mortality in one pig herd consisted of 1,200 pigs and 120 sows on Jeju Island, Korea. Affected pregnant sows showed clinical signs, including high fever, gradual anorexia, vomiting, depression, recumbency, prostration, abortion, and a few deaths. Four dead sows, five aborted fetuses from the same litter, and 17 sera collected from sows infected or normal were submitted to the Pathology Division of the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service for diagnostic investigation. Grossly, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were observed in sows. Multiple necrotic foci were scattered in the lungs, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Microscopically, multifocal necrotizing lesions and protozoan tachyzoites were present in the lesions. Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii were detected immunohistochemically. Latex agglutination showed that the sera of 7 of 17 (41.2%) sows were positive for antibody to T. gondii. The disease outbreak in this herd was diagnosed as epizootic toxoplasmosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of porcine toxoplasmosis with a high abortion rate and sow mortality in Korea.     

烯丙孕素口服液对靶动物猪的安全性研究

本试验将24头达到性成熟的苏姜母猪随机分为4组,每组6头,采用多剂量水平给药进行靶动物安全性研究,其中受试药物设最大推荐剂量每头动物每日20mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次5ml)、2倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日40mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次10ml)和3倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日60mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次15ml)三个剂量组;另设一空白对照组,每头动物每日15ml洁净自来水,体积相当于3倍受试药推荐剂量的体积。通过一般临床观察、各组动物体重、血液学和血液生化学参数等指标及组织病理学检测或观察,评价烯丙孕素在临床用药的安全性。结果表明,试验期间各组猪均未死亡且健康良好,期间临床表现正常,3倍最大推荐剂量组剖检动物各组织器官未发现病理变化。在血液生理指标及生化指标方面,推荐剂量组、2倍推荐剂量组、3倍最大推荐剂量组与空白对照组相比,除少部分指标外,其它各指标并无显著差异。试验结果说明,宁波第二激素厂生产的烯丙孕素在推荐剂量下使用在靶动物猪上具有较高的安全性。     

Ovarian hemangioma in swine

Eighteen (3.9%) ovarian hemangiomas were diagnosed in a survey of reproductive disorders in 460 sows from two to eight years of age during a three-year study. Ovarian hemangiomas only were observed in sows aged over 30 months, and no such neoplasms were found in 42 gilts. The incidence of ovarian hemangioma was highest at five to eight years of age. Of the 18 sows with ovarian hemangioma, one was purebred and 17 were crossbred pigs; of these, twelve had farrowed 12 to 15 litters, four had farrowed six to 11 litters and two had farrowed three litters. All 18 sows with ovarian hemangioma had one or more clinical signs related to reproductive disorders including small litter size, agalactia, fertilization failure, fetal death, silent estrus, anestrus, abortion, and stillbirth. The pathological features of the neoplasms in sows were similar to those described previously in swine and in man. Spontaneous ovarian hemangioma might provide a model for investigation of the etiology and pathogenesis of ovarian hemangioma in man.     

Evaluation of the safety of flubendazole premix in swine

Forty-eight pigs were used to evaluate the safety of flubendazole, given as a 6% rice-hull premix. In 1 experiment, flubendazole was administered orally to 16 pigs daily for 5 days at dosages of 10 or 20 times the recommended rate. In a 2nd experiment, flubendazole was administered in the feed to 18 pigs daily for 15, 16 or 17 consecutive days at dosages of 1, 3 and 5 times the recommended rate. The remaining 14 pigs received a placebo premix and served as controls. Clinical observations were made each day, and body weights and clinical laboratory values were monitored before, during and after the treatment period. In the 2nd experiment, all pigs were necropsied 1 day after the last day of treatment. Clinical signs during the experiments consisted of soft/fluid feces, observed in pigs from all groups, and occasional vomiting from 3 pigs in the group given the 3X-exaggerated dose. Statistical differences in the frequency of loose feces and vomiting were not detected between the placebo group and flubendazole-treated groups. There were no other abnormal signs noted throughout either experiment. Results of serum chemistry analysis, hematologic examination, and histopathologic evaluation revealed no evidence of drug-related toxicity.     

Induction of abortion during midgestation in mares

Four standardbred mares, 99 to 153 days pregnant, were treated with a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, prostalene, in an attempt to induce abortion. The mares received subcutaneous injection of either 2 mg prostalene (recommended luteolytic dose); 4 mg prostalene (double luteolytic dose) or 4 mg twice at intervals of 12 hours or 24 hours. The prostalene treatment resulted in cervical relaxation, increased tone of the uterus and decreased plasma concentrations of progesterone. None of the pregnant mares aborted within seven days after the first prostalene treatment. Abortions were subsequently induced by single or multiple intrauterine infusions using warm hypertonic saline. There were no postabortion complications.     

Abortifacient agents in the sow

Abortion in sows may be complete, or much more often partial, since the average litter size is about 10. This review describes the clinical and serological findings, mode of transmission and recommended treatment for the most common parasitic, fungal, mycotoxin, deficient, and toxic causes of abortion in sows. The most likely possibilities in France are brucellosis, leptospirosis, Aujeszky virus, mycotoxin, or dietary deficiencies. The bacterialtion in French sows are Brucella species, Leptospira species, E. coli, streptococci, staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Hemophilus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacteriumr fetus, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma bovi genitalium. Toxoplasma gondii are parasites known to cause abortion in sows. Mycotoxins from Fusarium species may contaminate feed. Noninfectious causes include poisoning from nitrates, nitrites, estrogens, or insecticides and deficiencies of Vitamins-A, -B, in abortion.     

Field experiences with early pregnancy diagnosis by progesterone-based ELISA in sows

In four Kenyan pig breeding units the pregnancy diagnosis of sows has been carried out in two groups: Group 1 (n = 1911): the sows were transrectaly pregnancy tested between Days 17-22 post-mating by ultrasound. Sows testing non-pregnant immediately received one dose of 400 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) (equine chorion gonadotropin, eCG) and 200 IU human chorion gonadotropin (hCG). On showing signs of oestrous, the animals were subsequently artificially inseminated (AI). Group 2 (n = 1923): sows were pregnancy tested by serum progesterone (P4)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on Day 17 post-breeding. P4 concentrations were categorized as positive (> 5 ng/ml) or negative (< 5 ng/ml). Sows testing nonpregnant immediately received one dose of 400 IU PMSG and 200 IU hCG by injection, and were subsequently artificially inseminated. The following parameters were evaluated: sows diagnosed non-pregnant, days from first post-weaning insemination until the sows were inseminated at their first return to oestrus; farrowing rate and total piglets born and number of live-born piglets in litters. The percentage of sows diagnosed non-pregnant in the two groups, as well as the totals of born piglets and of live-born piglets in litters did not differ significantly between the two groups. The number of days from the first post-weaning mating until the sows were artificially inseminated at their first return to oestrus and the administration of eCG and hCG was shorter (P < 0.01) and farrowing rate was higher (P< 0.01) in the ELISA-tested sows.     

Breed differences in return to estrus after PGF2 alpha-induced abortions in swine

Fifty-seven Duroc, 41 Landrace and 38 Yorkshire purebred sows in d 10 to 53 of pregnancy were aborted to synchronize estrus by using prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Breed differences in time between injection of two 10-mg doses of PGF2 alpha and return to estrus were observed in these three breeds of pregnant sows during two breeding seasons. Duroc sows returned to estrus .9 d faster (P less than .01) than Yorkshire and 1.3 d faster (P less than .01) than Landrace sows. Seasonal differences were also observed. The mean days from injection to estrus were 1.8 d fewer (P less than .01) for the spring season than in the fall season. All sows expressed estrus 5 to 11 d after injection. Normal gestation, parturition and piglet survival were observed in the sows after the treatment. Genetic differences in response to induced abortion and return to estrus could have implications in planned breeding and farrowing systems.     

The effect of lindane formulations on tissue residues in barrows and on stillbirths in sows

The potential effect of lindane and its formulations on stillbirths and abortion in pregnant sows was investigated. One of four formulations of lindane were applied at five times the registered dosage to each of ten sows within two weeks of farrowing. Each animal received 5 g of lindane. Formulations included: 1) a wettable powder diluted in water, 2) emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in xylene diluted with water, 3) an emulsifiable concentrate with heavy aromatic naptha diluted with mineral oil and 4) an emulsifiable concentrate ready-to-use mineral oil concentration. Number of stillbirths were not increased in the sows and signs of toxicity were not observed.

Three barrows, for each formulation, were sprayed at three times the registered dosage (1.3 g/animal) and slaughtered 24 hours later to determine if increased absorption and residues of lindane were associated with different formulations. Residues of lindane in skin, fat, back meat, brain and liver were consistently higher in those animals sprayed with the water based formulations than with oil-based formulations.