花鲈人工育苗及淡化试验

１９９６年１２月１７日收集花鲈受精卵１５６万粒于室内育苗池孵化，出仔鱼１２２３万尾，经７～１０ｄ室内培育后移入土池育苗，９０ｄ后共收获体长５～７ｃｍ大规格淡化鱼种１３６６万尾。     

褐毛鲿仔鱼室内培育与稚幼鱼土池生态育苗技术研究

褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)育苗采用仔鱼室内高密度培育和稚幼鱼土池生态培育相结合的育苗方式.孵化后的仔鱼在室内培育到稚鱼期,移入土池前先用鱼浆肥水培养饵料生物,鱼苗下池后一直用鱼浆或鱼糜投喂,直到出塘.土池4口总面积2.27 hm2,同时投放全长范围9.9～12.6 mm的稚鱼共53.0×104尾.秋季土池培育期间水温范围18.4 ～23.0℃,盐度13～ 25,pH 8.3～8.8.经过50 d的培育,共培育出全长范围35 ～ 69 mm,平均全长48 mm的苗种28.68×104尾,土池阶段育苗成活率为54.1％.用鱼浆肥水的水色为清绿色,水质稳定,饵料生物种群数量丰富,投放较大规格仔稚鱼可以提高育苗成活率.     

紫红笛鲷Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskl)繁殖和池塘育苗研究

在海南陵水进行了紫红笛鲷繁殖和池塘育苗的试验,70尾雌性亲鱼、30尾雄性亲鱼,连续产卵6d,其中第3d产卵2.4kg,受精率83.7%,孵化率81.4%。所得仔鱼用于鱼种培育,14号池塘0.34hm2,放养仔鱼280万尾,经过50d培育,育成全长5cm鱼种52.4万尾,育苗成活率达到18.7%。对土池育苗的鱼苗生长、食性转变过程、饵料系列、饵料培养和育苗管理措施等做了较详细的研究分析。     

紫红笛鲷Lutjanus argentimaculatus(Forsskal) 繁殖和池塘育苗研究

在海南陵水进行了紫红笛鲷繁殖和池塘育苗的试验，70尾雌性亲鱼、30尾雄性亲鱼，连续产卵6d，其中第3d产卵2．4kg，受精率83．7％，孵化率81．4％。所得仔鱼用于鱼种培育，14号池塘0．34hm^2，放养仔鱼280万尾，经过50d培育，育成全长5cm鱼种52．4万尾，育苗成活率达到18．7％。对土池育苗的鱼苗生长、食性转变过程、饵料系列、饵料培养和育苗管理措施等做了较详细的研究分析。     

土池育苗条件下大弹涂鱼早期仔鱼开口摄食的研究

对土池育苗条件下大弹涂鱼（Boleophthalmus pectinirostris）早期仔鱼的摄食进行了分析。在水温20～32℃，盐度15～20，池水透明度18～25cm的环境中，初孵仔鱼至孵化后4日龄为大弹涂鱼前期仔鱼发育阶段，其中初孵仔鱼至孵化后1日龄属于内源性营养期；从孵化后2日龄至4日龄属于混合营养期。混合营养期仔鱼除依靠吸收卵黄囊和油球为营养以外，还从土池水体中摄食含有拟铃虫的颗粒有机碎屑以及少量的双壳类担轮幼体、面盘幼体和多毛类担轮幼体。孵化后5日龄开始进入后期仔鱼发育阶段，已属于外源性营养期。孵化后5～7日龄仔鱼基本上依靠摄食土池水体中的桡足类无节幼体、桡足幼体和多毛类担轮幼体，但还摄食少量的颗粒有机碎屑。大弹涂鱼仔鱼是碎屑食物链起点的捕食者，虽然有机碎屑并非活饵料，但它附着或包含着拟铃虫、底栖硅藻和细菌等活饵料，是由无生命的碎屑和有生命的生物组成的复合体。     

大弹涂鱼生产性育苗技术初探

大弹涂鱼土池育苗仔鱼容易大批量获得,可育苗过程常由于盐度突变、温度极限及突变、甚至光线不均引起苗集群、溶氧过饱和造成鳔膨胀等原因,致使成活率     

大弹涂鱼亲鱼放养量与土池育苗效果对比试验

2004年起我们开展了大弹涂鱼土池育苗生产技术研究。通过几年的试验,已获得了大弹涂鱼生产性育苗的成功。在大弹涂鱼土池育苗生产中投放亲鱼的数量多少会直接影响到育苗效果,为寻求土池育苗亲鱼适宜的投放量。     

军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）

广东南方地区,6月份军曹鱼大部分接近结束产卯期,部分地区已经孵化出仔鱼。经过室内水泥池和室外土池培育之后,大约生长至7cm以上,可以移入海水网箱中培育,放养密度要根据网箱规格而定,边长2．5m的小网箱可放养500-600尾／箱;边长3m的鱼苗网箱可放养600-800尾／箱。随着幼鱼的生长逐级分箱培育。     

中华绒螯蟹种苗静水土池塘培育技术研究Ⅲ：室内育苗和土池育苗经济效益和？

用１０００ｍ＾３水体的室内育苗池和６口海水土池糖培育中华绒螯蟹苗,比较两种河蟹人工繁殖技术的生态效益和经济效益。经３５天培育表明,土池培育１ｋｇ大眼幼体可获利２０６３元,比室内育苗获利高４．２倍,产出投入比（２．０７）比室内育苗（１．３３）高４５．７７％。若采用土池育河蟹苗,每年至少可以少排放各种化学药物４２０ｔ。     

大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris(Linnaeus)土池生态育苗特点与关键技术

大弹涂鱼土池育苗生态近似潮问带自然生态,采用土池生态育苗具有投资少,操作简便,有利于批量生产等优点,适合在我国东南沿海推广应用。本文叙述和讨论了大弹涂鱼土池生态育苗特点与关键技术。     

细鳞鱼全人工繁育技术的研究

从乌苏里江、牡丹江中采捕野生细鳞鱼（Brachymystax lenok）亲鱼,暂养后催产获得的鱼苗饲养在黑龙江水产研究所渤海冷水性鱼类试验站,观察和测定了水温2～18℃下人工养殖的细鳞鱼的生长和发育,自2003～2010年连续进行了人工繁殖和苗种培育。结果表明,在流水池塘养殖条件下,投喂人工配合颗粒饲料,可使细鳞鱼正常生长和性腺发育成熟,人工催产方式可以批量获得鱼苗,且生长速度、产卵量、发眼率与野生细鳞鱼无显著差异。     

Nutrient budget of a marine fish pond in Eilat,Israel

Monthly budgets for nitrogen and phosphorus for a marine fish pond in Eilat were determined for the period September 1983 to June 1984. The ponds are operated as a semi-open system, 41% of the pond water being replaced each day by water from a nearby seawater well. Only 29% of the phosphorus and 36% of the nitrogen are incorporated into harvestable fish flesh (Sparus aurata or Mugil sp.). The remainder reaches the pond as uneaten food, fish faeces or excreted matter, and it is then available to support high levels of phytoplankton and heterotrophic activity. The total input of nutrients supplied to the ponds showed a seasonal trend, with the lowest amount being supplied at the beginning of the sampling period (October) (5.2 moles N/day, 0.25 moles P/day), and increasing in June to 10.6 moles N/day, 0.57 moles P/day. All the increase was due to the amount of food fed. A large proportion (70–80%) of the excess nutrients was exported from the system as dissolved or particulate matter in the overflow. Because of this the water quality of the ponds has remained at levels which have enabled 6.5–12 tons fish/ha to be cultured without regular drying of the ponds. Oysters have been grown on the plankton carried out with the overflow. The ponds have a surplus of nutrient inflow in October/November (1.9 moles N/day, 0.06 moles P/day), a small deficit of N (0.4 moles/day), and surplus of P (0.01 moles/day) in spring, and a large surplus again in May and June of 1.3 moles N/day, 0.11 moles P/day. In all, 60–120% of the nutrient inputs are directly accounted for.     

POND STUDIES ON GULF KILLIFISH (Fundulus grandis) MARICULTURE

Investigations concerning spawning, hatching, and grow-out of gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) were conducted in 0.08-ha, brackish-water ponds at Alabama's Claude Peteet Mariculture Center during 1979. Adult gulf killifish stocked at 88,750 fish/ha and a 1:1 sex ratio in 3 spawning ponds deposited 499,777 eggs on 1,001 Spanish moss mats placed around pond margins between 1 March and 13 August. Rate of egg deposition was highest in March (4,103 eggs/day/pond) and lowest in July and August (36 eggs/day/pond). A total of 293,467 eggs and 416 mats transferred to 3 hatching ponds between 13 March and 8 May produced 219,921 juvenile killifish (75% survival) averaging 0.5 g at harvest on 6 June. Production and feed conversion in hatching ponds averaged 413.90 kg/ha and 1.9, respectively. Stocked on 6 June in 4 grow-out ponds each at either 250,000 or 370,000 fish/ha and fed either 2 or 3 times daily, the juvenile gulf killifish reached marketable size (2.4 g and 57 mm total length) in 49 days. Production in grow-out ponds averaged 658 kg/ha with 93% survival and 2.4 feed conversion. Analysis (2 × 2 factorial) of grow-out data indicated no significant differences for effects of densities and feeding on mean weights of fish at harvest.     

光合细菌强化对精养鱼塘藻类群落结构的影响

通过定期向池塘投加光合细菌,研究了有益微生物强化对精养鱼塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响。结果显示:光合细菌强化塘(试验塘)藻类组成以绿藻、硅藻为主,养殖前期(5—6月初),以针杆藻、直链藻等占优势,中后期(7—9月)则以绿球藻、栅藻、盘星藻、小环藻、菱形藻等为优势种,水色呈淡绿、黄褐色等良好状态;而对照塘藻类组成在前期与试验塘没有明显差异,但在中后期出现明显变化,以微囊藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻、席藻等蓝藻占优势。试验塘藻类生物量显著低于对照塘(P<0.05),且对照塘生物量波动变化大,蓝藻数量所占比例可高达77.6%,远高于试验塘蓝藻比例(均值低于25.0%);此外,藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数试验塘均大于对照塘。结果表明:光合细菌的定期添加有效控制了蓝藻增值,保持了藻类多样性,使精养鱼塘藻相趋于稳定,有利池塘养殖。     

Effect of androgens on seawater adaptation in Arctic char,Salvelinus alpinus

Sexually immature two-year old Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were implanted with Silastic capsules containing testosterone or 11-ketoandrostenedione in early spring. Seawater adaptability of the hormone-treated and sham-operated fish was tested periodically from May to August using a 48h seawater challenge test with 25‰ seawater. The sham-operated control fish displayed a seasonal pattern in seawater adaptation, showing a good hypoosmoregulatory ability until mid June followed by a marked increase in plasma sodium and magnesium levels in July and August. Gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity decreased concurrently with the observed decrease in seawater adaptability. Over the same period the androgen-treated fish displayed a similar pattern in seawater adaptability, however, in May and June the plasma sodium levels were significantly higher in both androgen-treated groups compared to the control group. Plasma magnesium regulation was impaired in both androgen-treated groups in August. Gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in the testosterone-treated fish was lower in June compared to the control fish, whereas the activity was not affected by 11-ketoandrostenedione treatment. The results show that while androgens impair the hypoosmoregulatory capacity in Arctic char, the seasonal pattern of seawater adaptability is not affected.     

池塘植藕对沉积物养分和酶活性的影响

为了揭示池塘种植莲藕对沉积物养分吸收及其养分转化相关酶的作用效果,将基本情况完全相同的黄颡鱼养殖池塘分为植藕组（Tf）和非植藕组（CK）,观察两组池塘在黄颡鱼苗种培育过程沉积物中养分和4种酶（脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶）活性的变化特征。结果表明,与CK相比,Tf沉积物中的TN、NH4+—N和NO3-—N在莲藕苗期后均显著降低,在莲藕休眠期分别降低了8.5%、54.1%和52.7%,其中NH4+—N减少是沉积物中TN降低的主要原因;从莲藕苗期至花果期TP明显下降,最大降幅达22.6%;苗期后有机质开始显著降低,休眠期相较未植藕池塘降低8.4%。对两组池塘而言,沉积物的酶活性均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,Tf沉积物中4种酶的平均活性均高于CK,酶活性的差异在莲藕苗期和休眠期达显著水平（P < 0.5）。分析表明,4种酶之间存在着显著正相关关系（P< 0.5）,脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性与沉积物中NH4+—N的含量呈显著负相关,蛋白酶活性与沉积物中NO3-—N的含量呈显著正相关。     

鲈种池塘越冬试验

１９９５年１１月至１９９６年５月，进行了较大规模的池塘鲈种自然越冬生产性试验，本文仅报告一口０．１３ｈｍ＾２微咸水池塘冬技术及效果，投入鲈种３０００尾，越冬后出池２１４０尾越冬成活率７１．３３％，平均全长和体重分别增加２．９ｃｍ和２９．７％，对池塘自然越冬与塑料大棚保温越冬进行了经济效益比较。     

大弹涂鱼土池高密度精养试验

通过大弹涂鱼土池高密度精养试验,结果表明：4—5月份每667m^2放养规格为5．5～6．5cm和8cm左右苗种40kg（10000尾）,经过6～7个月饲养．于10月底陆续起捕至农历12月底结束,每667m。鱼产量达到上市规格的有116kg（2900余尾）,未达到上市规格的有53．2kg（5350余尾）留下继续养殖使其进一步生长。养成成活率达82．5％。同时探讨了放养前大弹涂鱼精养塘的处理、苗种放养、池塘管理．收获与销售等技术环节。     

A Survey of Water Quality Characteristics of Effluent from Hawaiian Aquaculture Facilities

Ten water quality parameters were measured in influent and effluent water at 11 aquaculture facilities in Hawaii. The data were grouped into four categories based on the types of organisms cultured: freshwater fish, freshwater prawn, marine fish, and marine shrimp. Within each category, concentrations of most parameters were lognormally distributed and spanned one to two orders of magnitude. Geometric mean concentrations of suspended materials, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pigments were highest in effluent from freshwater prawn ponds and lowest in marine fish pond effluent. Nitrate/Nitrite and total ammonia concentrations were higher in fish pond effluent than in crustacean pond effluent. Parameter concentrations were generally higher in effluent than in influent water, with freshwater fish and prawn ponds exhibiting the greatest increases in suspended materials and pigments. In contrast, nitrate/nitrite concentrations were lower in effluent than in influent waters. These data provide a basis for analyzing the environmental impacts of warm-water aquaculture effluent discharges.     

金沙江下游中华沙鳅的资源现状、繁殖特性及人工繁育的初步研究

2011年5～12月,对金沙江屏山以下江段中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris)的资源现状、繁殖特性进行了调查,并在实验室对该鱼的人工繁育进行了探索。所获中华沙鳅雄鱼(n=251)平均体长81.3 mm,平均体重8.7 g;雌鱼(n=486)平均体长109.7 mm,平均体重15.9 g。屏山调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的2.68%,日均单船产量平均为0.12 kg;安边调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的0.17%,日均单船产量平均为0.06 kg。雌雄性比为1.31∶1;雌、雄最小性成熟年龄均为2+龄。雌鱼的绝对怀卵量最大值为5 948粒,平均为4 455粒。中华沙鳅属一次性产卵类型,在流水中产漂流性卵;繁殖高峰期在5～6月。人工繁育时,受精卵在水温25～26℃孵化29 h仔鱼出膜,孵化率约70%,刚出膜仔鱼全长4.9～5.1 mm。半年后幼鱼的成活率为11.13%,全长约30 mm。