大豆原料对分离蛋白加工及功能特性的影响

为研究不同大豆品种对大豆分离蛋白加工及功能特性的影响,选取了5个品种的大豆为原料,对比分析了原料对大豆分离蛋白得率、粗蛋白含量、凝胶特性、持水性、乳化特性的影响。结果显示,以冀豆12为原料制备的大豆分离蛋白得率最高,五星4最低;采用质构分析法对凝胶特性进行分析,以冀豆12为原料生产的大豆分离蛋白的凝胶强度值最高,五星3号最低;持水性最高为冀豆12,最低为五星3号;乳化性最高为五星3号,与冀豆12相差不大,乳化性最低为冀豆20。综上,以冀豆12为原料制备的大豆分离蛋白具备极高的持水性、凝胶特性和极佳的乳化特性,冀豆12适合高凝胶、高持水力、高乳化性的大豆分离蛋白的生产。     

水分胁迫对不同基因型夏大豆冠层发育及耗水量的影响

在防雨棚条件下研究了不同阶段水分胁迫对4个夏大豆品种五星3号、冀豆15、冀豆16和冀豆17冠层发育和耗水特性影响.结果表明:大豆耗水规律为出苗后20 d内日耗水强度较低,初花期～鼓粒初期较高,最高峰出现在初花期前后,鼓粒中后期较低.最大叶面积指数(LAI)出现在盛花期,不同阶段水分胁迫使多数品种的LAI明显下降.从冠层发育角度,冀豆16苗期抗旱性较强,五星3号花期和鼓粒期抗旱性较强,冀豆15鼓粒期抗旱性较强.五星3号、冀豆15和冀豆16的LAI相近,但五星3号的耗水量较低,冀豆17 LAI和耗水量均较高.大豆主要耗水层在0～100 cm,尤其0～50 cm土层土壤水分状况对大豆的生长发育影响效应更大.     

高蛋白大豆新品种冀豆23的选育及栽培技术

冀豆23由河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以冀豆12×nf1(冀黄103)杂交一代为母本,以冀豆12为父本经过有性杂交,系谱法选育而成的大豆新品种。该品种丰产性和稳产性较好,籽粒较大,蛋白质含量45.23%,蛋脂总和64.16%,是高蛋白和蛋脂双高品种。于2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定准予推广,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

河北省大豆育成品种的回顾与展望

河北省大豆育成品种的回顾与展望王占廷，栾素荣，季志强承德市农业科学研究所一、育种回顾１．育种成就我省自７０年代恢复大豆育种以来，先后育成了１４个大豆品种。夏播大豆冀豆１号和春大豆冀豆２号的育成，基本上结束了我省大豆品种以农家种和外引品种为主的局面，对...     

高蛋白高产大豆新品种石豆11号的选育

石豆11号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以化诱446为母本,冀豆4号为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2014-2015年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 093.9 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产2.51%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 108.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产0.87%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆11号的主要特点是高蛋白(45.79%)、高产、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高油高产大豆新品种石豆14的选育

石豆14是石家庄市农林科学研究院选育的高油高产夏大豆新品种。2016-2017年石豆14参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 312. 0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产7. 7%。2017年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 244. 5 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产5. 4%。2018年通过河北省审定,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

种植密度对高蛋白大豆经济性状和产量的影响

为促进我国高蛋白大豆进一步推广利用,本文选用黄淮海地区高蛋白大豆品种冀豆21、冀豆12、荷豆12和齐黄34为试验材料,对不同种植密度下高蛋白大豆品种植株生长、干物质积累、品质和产量等经济性状进行了研究。结果表明,高蛋白大豆品种株高、主茎节数等植株生长性状均随密度增大而增大,但单株有效分枝数、有效荚数、单荚粒数及荚长等性状随密度增大逐渐减小。单株干物质重随密度增大而减少,但群体干物质重随密度增大先增大后减小;在22.5万株·hm~(-2)~25.5万株·hm~(-2)的密度范围内,高蛋白大豆的蛋白质含量随密度的升高而略有升高,而脂肪含量总量则随密度的升高而略有降低。品种产量随密度增大呈抛物线趋势,冀豆21和冀豆12高产的最佳密度是22.5万~25.5万株·hm~(-2),荷豆12和齐黄34高产的最佳密度是19.5万~22.5万株·hm~(-2)。这说明,适宜密度有利于高蛋白大豆植株生长及株型构建,进而促进干物质积累分配及籽粒产量的增加,该研究为黄淮海地区高蛋白大豆的推广利用提供了依据。     

抗逆高产大豆新品种石885的选育

石885是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以石豆1号为母本,化诱5号为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2013-2014年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 070.5 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产2.78%。2015年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 214.5 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产6.06%。2016年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石885的主要特点是抗病、高产、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高产抗逆大豆新品种石豆12号的选育

石豆12号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以石豆1号为母本,汾豆63为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2015-2016年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 284.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产6.22%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 229.7 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产4.91%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆12号的主要特点是高产、抗病、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高产广适优质大豆品种冀豆17

冀豆17是由河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以Hobbit为母本,以早5241为父本经有性杂交系谱法选育而成的高产广适优质大豆品种,在2010~2011年国家北方春大豆区域试验中平均产量3 799.50 kg·hm-2,生产试验平均产量3 795.00 kg·hm-2。该品种先后通过国家、省级5次审定,审定推广区域为晋冀鲁豫皖苏陕甘宁京10个省市。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.