酵母DV10发酵低醇度椰子水的动力学研究

用酵母DV10发酵成熟椰子水并研究发酵过程中菌体浓度、底物浓度和产物浓度等变量随发酵时间的变化规律。应用Logistic方程和Leudeking-Piret方程建立了低醇度椰子水发酵过程中菌体生长、底物消耗和产物生成动力学模型,并对动力学拟合方程一阶求导,求出其发酵过程中菌种增长速率、酒精生成速率和底物消耗速率。方差分析结果表明:3个模型的拟合度分别为0.994、0.997、0.997,理论值和实验值的误差平均值分别为4.75%、4.36%和4.42%。因此,3个模型均可很好地阐明酵母DV10发酵低醇度椰子水过程的动态变化。     

龙眼枸杞糙米（发芽）复合饮料发酵期间品质变化规律研究

本研究分析了龙眼干、枸杞和发芽糙米复合饮料采用酵母和醋杆菌进行连续发酵过程中其酒精度、pH、可滴 定酸、总糖、多糖、总酚和氨基酸态氮等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明,在酵母发酵期间,发酵 24 h 后复合饮料的 酒精度趋于稳定,残留的总糖为 1.40 g/L,多糖含量呈上升的趋势,总酚含量呈下降的趋势,氨基酸态氮总体上呈下降 的趋势。醋酸菌发酵期间,接种醋酸菌前热杀菌处理组和未热杀菌组的复合饮料中酒精度差别不大（p>0.05）,未热杀 菌处理组在发酵期间复合饮料中可滴定酸含量、总糖含量、多糖含量和氨基酸态氮的含量均比热杀菌组的复合饮料中 的含量高,但热杀菌组的复合饮料中总酚含量总体大于未热杀菌组的复合饮料中的总酚含量。     

乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料研究

花生红衣富含原花青素等有益健康成分，但口感苦涩，限制了其在食品中的应用。乳酸菌发酵能显著改善花生红衣口感，发酵后的花生红衣饮料富含原花青素和益生菌等有益成分，酸甜适口、风味独特。本研究采用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣提取物，通过单因素试验和响应面法优化了发酵工艺条件。试验结果显示，较优的发酵条件为料液比1:130、乳酸菌添加量为0.79%、白糖添加量为11.0%,pH值为6.32±0.04,发酵时间为8.4 h,发酵液的感官评分为97.00±0.76。该研究首次利用乳酸菌发酵花生红衣饮料，为提高花生红衣的利用率、拓宽其应用范围提供了技术支持。     

球状壳聚糖树脂对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(RCM),通过静态吸附实验,研究了RCM对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明:吸附等温线符合Laugmiur等温曲线,且平衡常数Kb随着温度升高而升高。吸附是非自发的、吸热的、熵增加的过程。吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,吸附过程主要受粒子内扩散模型控制。     

钠基蒙脱石对菜籽油中磷脂的吸附行为研究

为了解钠基蒙脱石（sodium montmorillonite, Na-MMT）在油脂脱胶过程中的吸附行为以及吸附机理,采用钠化方法将钙基蒙脱石制备成Na-MMT,并对其进行X射线衍射和热重分析;利用Na-MMT对菜籽油中的磷脂（phospholipids, PL）进行吸附,探讨PL在Na-MMT上的静态吸附平衡、吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,Na-MMT对PL的最大理论吸附量为833.3mg/g;Na-MMT对PL的吸附是属于优惠吸附,吸热且自发进行。Freundlich吸附模型能够较好地拟合其静态吸附行为;同时拟二级吸附动力学模型适用于描述Na-MMT吸附PL的动力学特性。 [     

燕麦谷物酒精发酵饮料的研制

以燕麦为主要原料,采用糖化菌和啤酒酵母菌对其进行发酵,酿造成低酒精谷物发酵饮料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,燕麦酒精发酵饮料的最佳发酵条件为：燕麦经根霉Q30328℃发酵一定时间后,42℃保温糖化24 h,再添加原料量体积的1.5%啤酒酵母,在28℃下发酵48 h,经勾调、均质、分装、杀菌得成品。     

发酵豆乳饮料的研究制

发酵豆乳饮料是豆乳经乳酸菌发酵,配以辅料（蔗糖、稳定剂、酸味剂、无菌水）调配而成的乳酸菌饮料。为了探索乳酸菌发酵豆乳的最佳条件,进行了Ｌ９（３＾４）正交试验,确定豆固形物浓度为７％,蔗糖添加量为９％,混合菌种比例Ｌ／ｓｔｒ为１：３,发酵温度为３７℃,在接种量为５％,发酵时间１４ｈ条件下,乳酸菌生殖生长最好。发酵豆乳经辅料调配,确定最佳配比。产品口感细腻,酸甜可口,风味独特,是营养保健型发酵饮料。     

天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型研究

利用本课题组设计发明的微波干燥湿天然橡胶物料设备,对微生物凝固湿天然橡胶进行物料表面温度分别为358、373、388、403 K的微波干燥试验,干燥时间均为15 min,每4 s获取一组干燥过程相关数据,测试分析湿天然橡胶(微生物凝固)的微波干燥失水特性,并建立湿天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型.结果表明,干燥温度越高,湿天然橡胶含水率下降越快;快速干燥阶段为物料干燥的主要失水阶段;湿天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型可由多项式模型来表示.     

冠突散囊菌和植物乳杆菌联合发酵对绿茶液态饮料品质的影响

为了抑制冠突散囊菌发酵绿茶液态饮料中儿茶素的降解,本研究采用植物乳杆菌和冠突散囊菌对绿茶液态饮料进行联合发酵,试验通过响应面法优化了联合发酵绿茶液态饮料工艺,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法和顶空固相微萃取串联气质联用（HS-SPME/GS-MS）法分别检测了联合发酵绿茶液态饮料中儿茶素含量和香气成分。结果表明,在干茶添加量10βg·L^-1、冠突散囊菌添加量10βmL·L^-1的前提下,联合发酵绿茶液态饮料的最佳工艺条件为植物乳杆菌添加量20βmL·L^-1、蔗糖添加量75βg·L^-1、30℃下静置发酵3βd。在此工艺下联合发酵绿茶液态饮料中总儿茶素含量为1β419.94βμg·mL^-1,与冠突散囊菌发酵绿茶液态饮料（848.72βμg·mL^-1）相比,显著增加（P<0.05）;且醇类化合物（30.27%）、醛类化合物（15.25%）、烃类化合物（11.35%）、酯类化合物（9.86%）和酮类化合物（9.01%）含量与未发酵绿茶液态饮料相比均显著增加（P<0.05）。     

基于嗅觉可视化技术的工夫红茶发酵程度判定方法

发酵是工夫红茶加工的关键工序,对红茶品质形成起着极其重要的作用。本文提出一种基于嗅觉可视化技术的工夫红茶发酵程度判定方法。基于硅胶薄层层析板与16种卟啉衍生物设计构建了嗅觉可视化传感器及气体检测系统,用于工夫红茶发酵过程中挥发性气体数据采集。采用Fisher判别分析与BP-AdaBoost算法建立工夫红茶发酵程度判别模型。分析表明,Fisher判别函数可以实现不同发酵程度红茶100%分类,交叉验证分组正确率达90.74%;BP-AdaBoost算法建立判别模型,训练集相关系数(Rc)和预测集相关系数(Rp)分别为0.9578和0.9132;嗅觉可视化技术可以实现工夫红茶发酵程度判定,为工夫红茶发酵过程实时监控提供了理论依据。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.