共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jun-ichi SUTO Kunio SATOU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):203-210
The Ay allele at the agouti locus causes obesity and promotes linear growth in mice. However, body weight gain stops between 16 and 17 weeks after birth, and then, body weight decreases gradually in DDD.Cg-Ay male mice. Body weight loss is a consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is genetically controlled mainly by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4. This study aimed to further characterize diabetes mellitus and body weight loss in DDD.Cg-Ay males. The number of β-cells was markedly reduced, and plasma insulin levels were very low in the DDD.Cg-Ay males. Using a backcross progeny of DDD × (B6 × DDD.Cg-Ay) F1-Ay, we identified one significant QTL for plasma insulin levels on distal chromosome 4, which was coincidental with QTL for hyperglycemia and lower body weight. The DDD allele was
associated with decreased plasma insulin levels. When the DDD.Cg-Ay males were housed under three different housing conditions [group housing (4 or 5 DDD.Cg-Ay and DDD males), individual housing (single DDD.Cg-Ay male) and single male housing with females (single DDD.Cg-Ay male with DDD.Cg-Ay or DDD females)], diabetes mellitus and body weight loss were most severely expressed in individually housed mice. Thus, the severity of diabetes and body weight loss in the DDD.Cg-Ay males was strongly influenced by the housing conditions. These results demonstrate that both genetic and nongenetic environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus and body weight loss in the DDD.Cg-Ay males. 相似文献
2.
Takayasu Moroki Yutaka Yoshikawa Katsuhiko Yoshizawa Airo Tsubura Hiroyuki Yasui 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(3):329-333
Vanadium has potential for use in diabetes therapy. Many investigators have reported toxic effects of inorganic vanadium salts; however, there are few reports on toxic effects of oxovanadium(VO2+) complexes. Therefore, we studied VO2+ toxicity by examining histological changes and measuring the vanadium concentration in the testis after repeated oral administration of bis(1-oxy-2-pyridine-thiolato)oxovanadium(VO2+) (VO(opt)2) for 2 or 4 weeks in KK-Ay mice. Severe mineralization and degeneration/necrosis of the seminiferous tubules were detected after either 2 or 4 weeks of administration. Vacuolar changes in Sertoli cells and the seminiferous epithelia, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in the testes of some animals. Vanadium concentrations in the mineralized testis were much higher than those in the testis of untreated KK-Ay mice. These results represent the first report of the possibility for seminiferous tubules mineralization induced by VO(opt)2 administration. Therefore, our research provides important information about the potentially toxic effects of VO2+ complexes. 相似文献
3.
Yuria UMEMURA Ryosuke MIYAMOTO Rie HASHIMOTO Kyoko KINOSHITA Takuya OMOTEHARA Daichi NAGAHARA Tetsushi HIRANO Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Shogo YANAI Natsumi MASUDA Hideto YUASA Youhei MANTANI Eiko MATSUO Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1587-1598
Mammalian sexual fate is determined by the presence or absence of sex determining
region of the Y chromosome (Sry) in the “bipotential” gonads.
Recent studies have demonstrated that both male and female sexual development are induced
by distinct and active genetic pathways. Breeding the Y chromosome from Mus m.
domesticus poschiavinus (POS) strains into C57BL/6J (B6J) mice
(B6J-XYPOS) has been shown to induce sex reversal (75%: bilateral ovary, 25%:
true hermaphrodites). However, our B6N-XYPOS mice, which were generated by
backcrossing of B6J-XYPOS on an inbred B6N-XX, develop as males (36%: bilateral
testis with fertility as well as bilateral ovary (34%), and the remainder develop as true
hermaphrodites. Here, we investigated in detail the expressions of essential sex-related
genes and histological features in B6N-XYPOS mice from the fetal period to
adulthood. The onsets of both Sry and SRY-box 9 (Sox9) expressions as determined
spatiotemporally by whole-mount immunohistochemistry in the B6N-XYPOS gonads
occurred 2–3 tail somites later than those in B6N-XYB6 gonads, but earlier than
those in B6J-XYPOS, respectively. It is possible that such a small difference
in timing of the Sry expression underlies testicular development in our
B6N-XYPOS. Our study is the first to histologically show the expression and
ectopic localization of a female-related gene in the XYPOS testes and a
male-related gene in the XYPOS ovaries. The results from these and previous
experiments indicate that the interplay between genome variants, epigenetics and
developmental gene regulation is crucial for testis development. 相似文献
4.
Kosuke OTAKA Yuuki HIRADATE Norio KOBAYASHI Yoshiki SHIRAKATA Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):375-381
During mammalian spermatogenesis, spermatogenic cells undergo mitotic division and are subsequently divided into haploid spermatids by meiotic division, but the dynamics of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis are unclear in vivo. To gain insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes in the testis, we examined the localization of sex chromosomes before and after meiosis in mouse testis sections. Here, we developed a method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes for the X and Y chromosomes to obtain their positional information in histological testis sections. FISH analysis revealed the sex chromosomal position during spermatogenesis in each stage of seminiferous epithelia and in each spermatogenic cell. In the spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes, sex chromosomes were distantly positioned in the cell. In the zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes at prophase I, X and Y chromosomes had a random
distribution. After meiosis, the X and Y spermatids were random in every seminiferous epithelium. We also detected aneuploidy of sex chromosomes in spermatogenic cells using our developed FISH analysis. Our results provide further insight into the distribution of sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis, which could help to elucidate a specific difference between X and Y spermatids and sex chromosome-specific behavior. 相似文献
5.
Gengzhi Ding Ying Chang Liping Zhao Zhenming Zhou Liping Ren Qingxiang Meng 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):24
Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes an effective additive for animal production; its probiotic effect may be related to the concentrate-to-forage ratio (CTFR). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of S. cerevisiae (SC) on fiber degradation and rumen microbial populations in steers fed diets with different levels of dietary concentrate. Ten Simmental × Local crossbred steers (450 ± 50 kg BW) were assigned to a control group or an SC group. Both groups were fed the same basal diet but the SC group received SC supplementation (8 × 109 cfu/h/d through the ruminal fistula) following a two-period crossover design. Each period consisted of four phases, each of which lasted 17 d: 10 d for dietary adaptation, 6 d for degradation study, and 1 d for rumen sample collection. From the 1st to the 4th phase, steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs, i.e., 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10. The kinetics of dry matter and fiber degradation of alfalfa pellets were evaluated; the rumen microbial populations were detected using real-time PCR. The results revealed no significant (P > 0.05) interactions between dietary CTFR and SC for most parameters. Dietary CTFR had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on degradation characteristics of alfalfa pellets and the copies of rumen microorganism; the increasing concentrate level resulted in linear, quadratic or cubic variation trend for these parameters. SC supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) affected dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation rates (cDM, cNDF) and NDF effective degradability (EDNDF). Compared with the control group, there was an increasing trend of rumen fungi and protozoa in SC group (P < 0.1); copies of total bacteria in SC group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Additionally, percentage of Ruminobacter amylophilus was significantly lower (P < 0.05) but percentage of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the SC group. In a word, dietary CTFR had a significant effect on degradation characteristics of forage and rumen microbial population. S. cerevisiae had positive effects on DM and NDF degradation rate or effective degradability of forage; S. cerevisiae increased rumen total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and lactate-utilizing bacteria but reduced starch-degrading and lactate-producing bacteria. 相似文献
6.
Jeongtae Kim Changjong Moon Heechul Kim Jinwoo Jeong Juyeon Lee Jihoon Kim Jin Won Hyun Jae Woo Park Mi Yeon Moon Nam Ho Lee Sung Ho Kim Youngheun Jee Taekyun Shin 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):281-284
The radioprotective activity of extracts from the red seaweed Callophyllis (C.) japonica was investigated in mice that underwent whole-body exposure to gamma radiation. A methanol extract of C. japonica and its fractions [hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol and the remaining H2O] were used. Each fraction (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2 times into the BALB/c mice, once at 1 and once at 24 h before exposure to 9 Gray (Gy) of gamma radiation. Pre-irradiation administration of the hexane and EtOAc fractions saved the mice, with their survival rates being greater than 80% at 30 days post-irradiation; the mice that were pretreated with the other fractions showed survival rates lower than 20% over the same time period. To examine the effect of each C. japonica fraction on the survival of intestinal and bone marrow stem cells, the number of intestinal crypts and bone marrow cells in the gamma-irradiated mice were examined. Pre-treatment of mice (i.p., 100 mg/kg body weight at 1 and 24 h before irradiation) with the hexane or EtOAc fraction prior to 6-Gy irradiation significantly protected the number of jejunal crypts and bone marrow cells at 9 days after irradiation. These findings suggest that certain extracts from C. japonica, when they are administered prior to irradiation, play an important role in the survival of irradiated mice, and this is possibly due to the extracts protecting the hematopoietic cells and intestinal stem cells against gamma irradiation. 相似文献
7.
Nozomi TAKAHASHI Eito YAMAGUCHI Yukiko KAWABATA Tomohiro KONO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(1):7-12
The distal region of mouse chromosome 12 harbors the Dlk1–Dio3 domain, is essential for normal development and encodes maternally expressed noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including Gtl2 as well as paternally expressed proteins.Gtl2 works as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancer cell lines; however, whether this reflects its function in vivo is unknown. Deleting Gtl2 from the maternal allele (Gtl2(–/+)) results in loss of expression of Gtl2 and decreased expression of downstream ncRNAs, including many miRNAs. To determine the role of ncRNAs in tumorigenesis, we induced teratomas by engrafting E6.5 embryos (wildtype or Gtl2(–/+)) under the kidney capsule of scid mice. Some teratomas derived from the Gtl2(–/+) embryos exhibited hypertrophic growth, suggesting that
ncRNAs, including Gtl2, may act as tumor suppressors in vivo. Microarray analysis of miRNAs expressed by Gtl2(–/+) teratomas revealed decreased expression of 28 miRNAs encoded by the Dlk1–Dio3 domain, low expression of embryonic stem cell-specific miRNAs and dysregulation of miRNAs involved in tumorigenesis. This study suggests that downregulation of ncRNAs in the Dlk1-Dio3 domain leads to enhanced teratoma growth and repression of stem cell markers. 相似文献
8.
Background
This study investigated seasonal changes in naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections on two Lithuanian goat farms with different parasite control practices.Findings
On both farms, nematode faecal egg counts (FEC) and larval cultures were obtained from 15 adult and 10 young goats at bi-weekly intervals from April 2012 to April 2013. Goats on farm A were dewormed with ivermectin (0.3 mg/kg body weight) in October/November 2012, whereas the animals on farm B were left untreated. Thirteen young goats were slaughtered in August/November 2012 and April 2013 and worm burdens in the gastrointestinal tract were enumerated. In goats from both farms, Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Chabertia and Haemonchus were the dominant GIN genera. Herbage contamination with infective third-stage larvae (L3) peaked in July/August and resulted in high FEC in September/October. Parasitological examination at slaughter showed that Teladorsagia spp. and Haemonchus contortus survived the winter, both in the abomasal mucosa as adults and as early fourth-stage larvae (EL4). Deworming on farm A significantly reduced FEC, especially of H. contortus, at the start of the grazing period compared with the untreated farm B (P < 0.05).Conclusions
Goats were heavily infected with several GIN throughout the year. Strategic anthelmintic treatment during housing significantly reduced nematode egg output, in particular by H. contortus, at the start of the grazing season. 相似文献9.
Jae Yeon HWANG Kwang-Hwan CHOI Dong-Kyung LEE Seung-Hun KIM Eun Bae KIM Sang-Hwan HYUN Chang-Kyu LEE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(6):533-540
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that equalizes expression of X-borne genes between
male and female eutherians. This process is observed in early eutherian embryo development in a
species-specific manner. Until recently, various pluripotent factors have been suggested to regulate the
process of XCI by repressing XIST expression, which is the master inducer for XCI. Recent
insights into the process and its regulation have been restricted in mouse species despite the evolutionary
diversity of the process and molecular mechanism among the species. OCT4A is one of the
represented pluripotent factors, the gate-keeper for maintaining pluripotency, and an XIST
repressor. Therefore, in here, we examined the relation between OCT4A and X-linked genes in
porcine preimplantation embryos. Three X-linked genes, XIST,
LOC102165544, and RLIM, were selected in present study because their
orthologues have been known to regulate XCI in mice. Expression levels of OCT4A were
positively correlated with XIST and LOC102165544 in female blastocysts.
Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous human OCT4A in cleaved parthenotes generated
blastocysts with increased XIST expression levels. However, increased XIST
expression was not observed when exogenous OCT4A was obtained from early blastocysts. These
results suggest the possibility that OCT4A would be directly or indirectly involved in
XIST expression in earlier stage porcine embryos rather than blastocysts. 相似文献
10.
Govind Kannan Venkat R Gutta Jung Hoon Lee Brou Kouakou Will R Getz George W McCommon 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):42
Sixteen crossbred buck goats (Kiko x Spanish; BW = 32.8 kg) and wether sheep (Dorset x Suffolk; BW = 39.9 kg) were used to determine the effect of preslaughter diet and feed deprivation time (FDT) on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcasses. Experimental animals were fed either a concentrate (CD) or a hay diet (HD) for 4 d and then deprived of feed for either 12-h or 24-h before slaughter. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol and blood metabolite analyses. Longisimus muscle (LM) pH was measured. Skin and carcass swabs were obtained to assess microbial loads. Plasma creatine kinase activity (863.9 and 571.7 ± 95.21 IU) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (1,056.1 and 589.8 ± 105.01 mEq/L) were different (P < 0.05) between sheep and goats. Species and diet treatments had significant effects on the ultimate pH of LM. Pre-holding total coliform (TCC) and aerobic plate counts (APC) of skin were significantly different between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) TCC (2.1 vs. 3.0 log10 CFU/cm2) and APC (8.2 vs. 8.5 log10 CFU/cm2) counts in the skin compared to sheep. Preslaughter skin E. coli counts and TCC were different (P < 0.05) between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) counts of E. coli (2.2 vs. 2.9 log10 CFU/cm2) and TCC (2.3 vs. 3.0 log10 CFU/cm2) in the skin compared with those in sheep. Diet, species, and FDT had no effect (P > 0.05) on E. coli and TCC in carcass swab samples. The APC of carcass swab samples were only affected (P < 0.05) by the FDT. The results indicated that preslaughter dietary management had no significant changes on hormone and blood metabolite concentrations and sheep might be more prone for fecal contamination than goats in the holding pens at abattoir. 相似文献
11.
Yingxiao Fu Jianhong Gu Yi Wang Yan Yuan Xuezhong Liu Jianchun Bian Zong-Ping Liu 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):151-156
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Ca2+ signaling pathway is involved in the ability of osteoprotegerin (OPG) to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and maturation. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) + receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and then treated with different concentrations of OPG, an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the different treatment groups were measured by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. The results confirmed that M-CSF + RANKL significantly increased [Ca2+]i and CaMKII phosphorylation in osteoclasts (p < 0.01), and that these effects were subsequently decreased by OPG treatment. Exposure to specific inhibitors of the Ca2+ signaling pathway revealed that these changes varied between the different OPG treatment groups. Findings from the present study indicated that the Ca2+ signaling pathway is involved in both the regulation of osteoclastogenesis as well as inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and activation by OPG. 相似文献
12.
This study was undertaken to identify and characterize amino acid substitutions in gyrA and parC related with quinolone resistance of 27 nalidixic acid-resistant (NaR) Salmonella isolates collected in poultry slaughterhouses in Korea. A total of 51 Salmonella isolates were detected from 44.8% (47/105) of the total samples from 15 poultry slaughterhouses examined, among which 27 (52.9%) NaR isolates were detected while ciprofloxacin (Cip) resistance was not present in the isolates. These 27 NaR isolates of DNA sequencing revealed that it contained three types of gyrA mutations in only D87 codon. Mutations in the D87 codon resulted in substitutions to G in most of the isolates, but D87Y and D87N exchanges were also detected. Although Cip resistance was absent, reduced susceptibility characterized by mutations in gyrA was apparent among Salmonella isolates from poultry slaughterhouses in Korea. 相似文献
13.
Ken Steen Pedersen Rikke Skrubel Helle Stege ?ystein Angen Marie St?hl Charlotte Hjulsager Lars Erik Larsen Jens Peter Nielsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):58
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between average daily gain and the number of Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in faeces of growing pigs with different levels of diarrhoea.Methods
A longitudinal field study (n = 150 pigs) was performed in a Danish herd from day 29 to 47 post weaning. Every third day all pigs were weighed, subjected to a clinical examination and faecal samples were obtained. Faecal samples were subjected to dry matter determination and absolute quantification by PCR for L. intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Association between average daily gain, faecal dry matter content, numbers of L. intracellularis bacteria and PCV2 genome copies in faeces was investigated in a multilevel mixed-effects linear model.Results
Increasing numbers of L. intracellularis log10 bacteria/g faeces were significantly associated with decreasing average daily gain (P < 0.001). The association was decreasing with increasing faecal dry matter content (P < 0.01). The number of PCV2 log10 copies/g faeces was not significantly associated with average daily gain of the pigs (P > 0.5).Conclusion
The results suggest a potential application of a PCR quantifying L. intracellularis in growing pigs. Faecal dry matter content must be taken into consideration in interpretation of such test results. 相似文献14.
Jin-A LEE Bock-Gie JUNG Tae-Hoon KIM Yun-Mi KIM Hong-Bum KOH Bong-Joo LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1087-1094
Biotite and bentonite are phyllosilicate minerals that were originally used in
industrial applications. Several beneficial activities of them have recently been
reported, especially regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial effects. Therefore,
we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of a biotite and
bentonite mixture (BBM) on experimental infection of Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to determine whether the BBM could
be used as an alternative antibiotic. We administered 1% or 2% BBM as a feed supplement.
We then evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of the BBM against S.
Typhimurium. We also evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of the BBM through several
immunological experiments that included examination of the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and the T-helper type 1 (Th 1)
cytokine profile. The clinical signs of S. Typhimurium and the number of
viable bacteria in feces and tissues were significantly decreased in both BBM groups,
especially in the 2% BBM group. The BBM also markedly enhanced the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and expression levels of IFN-γ and
IL-12 in S. Typhimurium-challenged pigs. Therefore, the BBM could be a
good candidate as an alternative antibiotic that improves Th 1-specific immune responses
and the bacterial clearance effect. 相似文献
15.
Kathrin Hermeyer Inka Buchenau Anne Thomasmeyer Berit Baum Joachim Spergser Renate Rosengarten Marion Hewicker-Trautwein 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):9
Background
Mycoplasma bovis is associated with pneumonia in calves characterized by the development of chronic caseonecrotic lesions with the agent persisting within the lesion. The purposes of this study were to characterize the morphology of lung lesions, examine the presence of M. bovis variable surface protein (Vsp) antigens and study the local immune responses in calves after infection with M. bovis strain 1067.Methods
Lung tissue samples from eight calves euthanased three weeks after experimental infection with M. bovis were examined by bacteriology and pathology. Lung lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for wide spectrum cytokeratin and for M. bovis Vsp antigens and pMB67 antigen. IHC identification and quantitative evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA)-containing plasma cells was performed. Additionally, expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) was studied by IHC.Results
Suppurative pneumonic lesions were found in all calves. In two calves with caseonecrotic pneumonia, necrotic foci were surrounded by epithelial cells resembling bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium. In all calves, M. bovis Vsp antigens were constantly present in the cytoplasm of macrophages and were also present extracellularly at the periphery of necrotic foci. There was a considerable increase in numbers of IgG1- and IgG2-positive plasma cells among which IgG1-containing plasma cells clearly predominated. Statistical evaluation of the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, however, did not reveal statistically significant differences between inoculated and control calves. In M. bovis infected calves, hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was characterized by strong MHC class II expression of lymphoid cells, but only few of the macrophages demarcating the caseonecrotic foci were positive for MHC class II.Conclusions
The results from this study show that infection of calves with M. bovis results in various lung lesions including caseonecrotic pneumonia originating from bronchioli and bronchi. There is long-term persistence of M. bovis as demonstrated by bacteriology and immunohistochemistry for M. bovis antigens, i.e. Vsp antigens and pMB67. The persistence of the pathogen and its ability to evade the specific immune response may in part result from local downregulation of antigen presenting mechanisms and an ineffective humoral immune response with prevalence of IgG1 antibodies that, compared to IgG2 antibodies, are poor opsonins. 相似文献16.
Bert Devriendt M��lanie Gallois Frank Verdonck Yann Wache Diane Bimczok Isabelle P. Oswald Bruno M. Goddeeris Eric Cox 《Veterinary research》2009,40(4)
Consumption of food or feed contaminated with fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, can lead to disease in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of FB1 intake on the intestinal immune system. Piglets were used as a target and as a model species for humans since their gastro-intestinal tract is very similar. The animals were orally exposed to a low dose of FB1 (1 mg/kg body weight FB1) for 10 days which did not result in clinical signs. However, when compared to non-exposed animals, FB1-exposed animals showed a longer shedding of F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) following infection and a lower induction of the antigen-specific immune response following oral immunization. Further analyses to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations revealed a reduced intestinal expression of IL-12p40, an impaired function of intestinal antigen presenting cells (APC), with decreased upregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II molecule (MHC-II) and reduced T cell stimulatory capacity upon stimulation. Taken together, these results indicate an FB1-mediated reduction of in vivo APC maturation. 相似文献
17.
Karin S?derqvist Sofia Boqvist Georges Wauters Ivar V?gsholm Susanne Thisted-Lambertz 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):39
Background
Pigs are regarded as the main reservoir for human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, which is dominated by bioserotype 4/O:3. Other animals, including sheep, have occasionally been reported as carriers of pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica. To our knowledge, this is the first study performed in the Nordic countries in which the presence of Y. enterocolitica in sheep is investigated.Methods
Tonsils and faecal samples collected from sheep slaughtered on the island Gotland (Sweden) from September 2010 through January 2011 were analysed for presence of Y. enterocolitica. In an attempt to maximize recovery, several cultural strategies were applied. Various non-selective media were used and different temperatures and durations of the enrichment were applied before subculturing on Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN) agar. Presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies were subjected to urease, API 20E and agglutination test. Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were biotyped, serotyped, and tested for pathogenicity using a TaqMan PCR directed towards the ail-gene that is associated with human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica.Results
The samples collected from 99 sheep yielded 567 presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies. Eighty urease positive isolates, from 35 sheep, were identified as Y. enterocolitica by API 20E. Thirty-four of 35 further subtyped Y. enterocolitica isolates, all from faecal samples, belonged to biotype 1A serotype O:5, O:6. O:13,7 and O:10. One strain was Yersinia mollaretii serotype O:62. No human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were found in the investigated sheep. Other species identified were Y. kristensenii (n = 4), Y. frederiksenii/intermedia (n = 3), Providencia rettgeri (n = 2), Serratia marcescens (n = 1) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1).Conclusions
This study does not support the hypothesis that sheep play an important role in transmission of the known human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the studied geographical region. However, because there are studies indicating that some strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A may cause disease in humans, the relative importance of sheep as carriers of human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica remains unclear. Tonsils do not appear to be favourable sites for Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A in sheep. 相似文献18.
Keisuke IMOTO Yuho SAKAI Muneyoshi OKADA Kosuke OTANI Hideyuki YAMAWAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):997
Changes in electrophysiological properties, such as ion channel expression and activity, are closely related to arrhythmogenesis during heart failure (HF). However, a causative factor for the electrical remodeling in HF has not been determined. Periostin (POSTN), a matricellular protein, is increased in heart tissues of patients with HF. In the present study, we investigated whether a single injection of POSTN affects the electrophysiological properties in rat ventricles. After male Wistar rats were intravenously injected with recombinant rat POSTN (64 µg/kg, 24 hr), electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Whole-cell patch clamp was performed to measure action potential (AP) and Na+ current (INa) in isolated ventricular myocytes. Protein expression of cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (NaV1.5) in isolated ventricles was examined by Western blotting. In ECG, POSTN-injection significantly increased RS height. POSTN-injection significantly delayed time to peak in AP and decreased INa in the isolated ventricular myocytes. POSTN-injection decreased NaV1.5 expression in the isolated ventricles. It was confirmed that POSTN (1 µg/ml, 24 hr) decreased INa and NaV1.5 protein expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. This study for the first time demonstrated that a single injection of POSTN in rats decreased INa by suppressing NaV1.5 expression in the ventricular myocytes, which was accompanied by a prolongation of time to peak in AP and an increase of RS height in ECG. 相似文献
19.
More than 80% of Italy's pig production is used in the production of traditional dry cured ham. Dry cured ham production requires fresh legs with at least 15 mm of fat coverage. For decades, Italian pigs have been selected for fatness, as legs constitute almost 60% of the commercial value of the animal. Lately, however, thigh prices have dropped, increasing the economic importance of the Longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) to the pig industry. This research sought to identify genes that can modulate fat repartitioning, resulting in fat legs and lean L. dorsi. As estrogens are known to control the distribution of body fat in humans and rodents, we investigated the polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESRPvuII5700/4200) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2 A949G) genes in 612 pigs (278 females, 334 castrated males) and collected the following phenotypical data: carcass weight, lean percentage, leg weight, back fat and leg fat thickness. Castrated males of the ESRPvuII5700/5700 genotype had significantly more back fat (P < 0.05) with no significant effect on leg fat. Conversely, ESRPvuII5700/5700 females had significantly less leg fat (P < 0.05) with no significant effect on back fat. Both males and females of the ESR2 A949A genotype had less leg fat (P < 0.05) without any effect of the polymorphism on back fat. Our findings suggest that ESRPvuII5700/4200 and ESR2 A949G polymorphisms are associated with subcutaneous fat localization in pigs. 相似文献
20.
Laureano S. Frizzo Mar��a V. Zbrun Lorena P. Soto Ezequiel Bertozzi Gabriel J. Sequeira Luis E. Marti Marcelo L. Signorini Roberto Rodr��guez Armesto Marcelo R. Rosmini 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(3):261-270
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculum to protect calves with or without lactose supplements against Salmonella Dublin infection by evaluating histopathological lesions and pathogen translocation. Fifteen calves were divided into three groups [control group (C-G), a group inoculated with LAB (LAB-G), and a group inoculated with LAB and given lactose supplements (L-LAB-G)] with five, six, and four animals, respectively. The inoculum, composed of Lactobacillus (L.) casei DSPV 318T, L. salivarius DSPV 315T, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T, was administered with milk replacer. The LAB-G and L-LAB-G received a daily dose of 109 CFU/kg body weight of each strain throughout the experiment. Lactose was provided to the L-LAB-G in doses of 100 g/day. Salmonella Dublin (2 × 1010 CFU) was orally administered to all animals on day 11 of the experiment. The microscopic lesion index values in target organs were 83%, 70%, and 64.3% (p < 0.05) for the C-G, LAB-G, and L-LAB-G, respectively. Administration of the probiotic inoculum was not fully effective against infection caused by Salmonella. Although probiotic treatment was unable to delay the arrival of pathogen to target organs, it was evident that the inoculum altered the response of animals against pathogen infection. 相似文献