刑事被害人抗诉请求权的探讨

现代刑事诉讼制度发展的趋势是在充分保障被告人诉讼权利的同时,加强对被害人诉讼权利的保障。现有刑事被害人抗诉请求权制度存在抗诉请求程序不完善以及对被害人权益保护不充分等问题。进而严重制约了被害人当事人地位的实现,因此,必须进一步完善被害人抗诉请求制度,切实保障刑事被害人的抗诉请求权,增强抗诉请求对司法机关的制约,使被害人权益得到充分保障。     

刑事被害人抗诉请求权的探讨

现代刑事诉讼制度发展的趋势是在充分保障被告人诉讼权利的同时,加强对被害人诉讼权利的保障.现有刑事被害人抗诉请求权制度存在抗诉请求程序不完善以及对被害人权益保护不充分等问题.进而严重制约了被害人当事人地位的实现,因此,必须进一步完善被害人抗诉请求制度,切实保障刑事被害人的抗诉请求权,增强抗诉请求对司法机关的制约,使被害人权益得到充分保障.     

我国刑事被害人权益保护的制度缺陷及对策

长久以来,被害人的尊严问题被严重地忽视,作为刑事犯罪承受者的被害人近乎被贬为国家惩罚犯罪的手段和工具。维护被害人在刑事诉讼中的尊严,保障被害人基本的诉讼权利,最根本的手段就是提高被害人的诉讼地位,加强对他们所受损害恢复的支持力度,帮助他们回归正常的生活状态。     

犯罪被害人国家补偿的正当性分析

法治国家不仅要防止公民的权利受到侵犯,而且在公民权利受到侵犯后,能及时给予被害人应有的救济。建立被害人国家补偿制度,是实现刑事法治、维护社会公平正义的需要,对于提高打击和预防犯罪效能,完善我国刑事司法制度,促进和谐社会建设均具有重要意义。     

对刑事诉讼法下的辩护律师权利探讨

在刑事诉讼中律师辩护制度作为一项至关重要的制度,是确保律师参与辩护,行使诉讼权利的有效保障,同时也是维护司法公正、保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法权益的必然要求。本文将对刑事诉讼法下辩护律师权利展开分析研究。     

关于刑事附带民事诉讼若干问题的探析

本文在对我国刑事附带民事诉讼制度中诉讼主体资格、赔偿范围进行探讨后,认为:附带民事诉讼主体资格原告人、被告人并非仅限于被害人、实施侵害行为的人,而从广义去理解,更符合我国附带民事诉讼制度实质和精神;人检察院在刑事附带民事诉讼中地位界定为法律监督者身份:赔偿范围不仅包括物体损害赔偿,而且应包括精神损害赔偿。     

辩护职能实现宽严相济刑事政策的研究

宽严相济的刑事政策作为一项基本的刑事政策,是建设和谐司法的重要指导思想。但目前对宽严相济刑事政策的理论研究多侧重于政策解读和制度建设,而在司法实务方面则又多从检、法职能出发,忽略了诉讼三大功能之一的辩护职能。本文从内涵界定、制度设计、功能冲突、职能缺失等方面分析了辩护职能实现宽严相济刑事政策时存在的障碍,并就如何在宽严相济刑事政策发挥辩护职能的作用提出制度保障、坚持的原则、司法理念、完善制度、加强协调等方面的对策。     

关于宪法司法化的一点思考

宪法的核心是保障人权,宪法的一些基本权利长久以来得不到有效保障,宪法司法化是权利实现的程序化机制。为了切实保障人权,我国应建立和完善公民基本权利的宪法救济制度,把诉讼制度引入宪法的保障,建立宪法法院。     

对我国刑事和解制度的思考及完善建议

刑事和解是控辩双方在刑事诉讼过程中,通过对话和协商,就刑事纠纷的解决达成一致意见,从而终结诉讼,不再将案件移交法庭审判的活动。刑事和解的出现,标志着一种新型刑事诉讼模式的产生,就我国来说,引入刑事和解制度对完善我国法律制度具有积极的意义。而刑事司法环境的优化为我国刑事和解制度的构建提供了良好的机遇,我们应当构建具有中国特色的刑事和解制度。     

论我国法院的调解制度

法院调解制度是新中国民事诉讼制度中的一项最具特色的诉讼制度,长期以来,在我国审判实践中起着重要作用。但也存在着大量的"强制调解"和"久调不决"的问题,使司法实践严重背离了立法目的。应在整个民事诉讼模式下全面考量我国法院的调解制度,正确认识法院调解制度的价值,并以保障当事人诉讼权利的行使为核心对其进行改革完善,以适应社会发展和人们观念的转变。     

大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区生态补偿公众参与机制探讨

自然保护区在保护环境的同时对区域内居民的生活产生了影响,生态补偿是对为保护环境而牺牲自身利益的居民进行补偿。以昭通大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区为研究对象,总结了大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区生态补偿的基本情况,分析了生态补偿过程中公众参与方面存在的问题,聚焦大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区生态补偿实践,提出了完善生态补偿公众参与机制的建议。目前我国生态补偿实践中公众参与处于起步阶段,难以充分保障在地居民的知情权、生存权以及直接的经济利益,从程序性权利入手提高公众参与度,有助于实现保护环境与保障民生共存的目标。     

公诉案件中被害人对司法的监督

司法实践中的监督种类很多,但是被害人对司法的监督并不完善。从人权保障和司法公正的角度看,可以赋予被害人程序参与权以及实体的救济权等权利,以实现被害人对司法权的监督。     

中国确立沉默权制度是大势所趋

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容，它体现了对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人格尊严和自由意志的尊重，为其充分行使辩护权提供程序上的保证，反映一个国家刑事诉讼法律制度的文明与进步状况，被认为是‘人类通向文明的斗争中最重要的里程碑”之一。本文主要介绍了沉默权的内涵、我国确立沉默权制度的必要性和可行性，并对如何建立符合我国国 情的沉默权制度提出若干建议。     

Victim-induced criminality

In summary, there are certain issues that need to be dealt with if a coherent system of victim compensation is to be created. 1) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation qualified by his behavior in connection with the crime? If a Texas tycoon visits a clip joint, flashes a fat roll of bills, and gets hit on the head and rolled, is he entitled to compensation? If a man enters into a liaison with another's wife and gets shot by the husband, should his dependents be compensated? If a woman goes walking alone in a disreputable neighborhood and is assaulted, is she entitled to compensation? Unless the answer to such questions is a flat "yes," the adjudication of victim compensation as a "right" would be embarkation upon a vast sea of confusion. On the surface it may seem simpler to bypass the issue of "right" and declare for victim compensation as a matter of social policy-a logical extension of the welfare state approach. But the apparent simplicity may quickly prove illusory, in light of the second issue. 2) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation on the basis of indigency to be qualified by the requirement that an offender be apprehended and his guilt determined by a court? There are two levels to this problem. First, if a severely injured man reports to police that he has been mugged and robbed and if the police cannot apprehend a suspect, how is the administrator of compensation to know that the man is in fact the victim of a crime? The administrator of compensation must determine whether the episode was a criminal act or an argument-and who started it, and who precipitated the violence. What shall be the role of the witnesses, and of investigators? More important is the second level of the problem: How will law-enforcement of ficials and the courts evaluate the testimony of the victim if compensation of the victim may be at stake? In the evaluation of proposals for victim compensation, criminologists may need to think very hard about such questions and about the probable effects on the administration of criminal justice. These are pragmatic problems; there is a third problem which may at this time seem speculative, but is, nevertheless, quite important. 3) To what extent will a particular proposal for victim compensation contribute to a temptation-opportunity pattern in victim behavior? In previous studies it has been pointed out that large numbers of our fellow Americans have tended to acquire casual money-handling habits-generically designated "carelessness"-which contribute to the national growth of criminality. How the victim helps the criminal was sketched in reports of those studies (10). It was made abundantly clear that human beings in our affluent society cannot be assumed to be prudent or self-protective against the hazards of crime. Even when the "victim" is not overtly acting to commit a crime-as in the case of the property owner who hires an arsonist-he often tempts the offender. Among the victims of burglary-statistically the most prevalent crime in the United States-are a substantial number of Americans who keep cash, jewelry, and other valuables carelessly at home or in hotel rooms to which the burglar has easy access through door or window. Victims of automobile theft-one of the fastest growing classes of crime-include drivers who leave the vehicle or its contents invitingly accessible to thieves. And so on with other classes of crime. As pointed out in previous studies, when victim behavior follows a temptation-opportunity pattern, it (i) contributes to a "climate of criminal inducements," (ii) adds to the economic resources available to criminal societies, and (iii) detracts from the ability of lawenforcement agencies to suppress the growth of crime.     

试论土地家庭联产承包经营权与农田水利设施建设

土地承包经营权法律制度中相关内容的缺失与不完善,制约了承包方从事农田水利设施建设与维护的积极性。在土地承包经营权法律制度中,应当明确农民集体作为所有者主体收取地租的权利,允许土地承包经营权抵押,建立相应的补偿机制,调动承包方从事农田水利设施建设与维护的积极性。     

浅议被告人 犯罪嫌疑人的劳动权

随着科学的进步和社会的发展,人权观念也逐渐深入人心,被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的人权如何得到保护已经渐入我们的视野,尤其是他们的劳动权问题,仍有很大的改进空间。本文主要围绕着被告人、犯罪嫌疑人应当享有劳动权及这一权利如何得到保障这一观点进行阐述。     

论我国律师辩护制度的完善

律师刑事辩护制度的科学化程度是衡量一个国家法治文明与司法公正的一个重要标志。针对我国律师参与刑事辩护越来越低的现状和我国律师辩护制度的不足，应以控辩平衡为理论基础，借鉴国外的有益经验，从辩护律师的身份定位、准入门槛及执业权利三方面来完善我国的辩护律师制度。     

论离婚案件中农村妇女权益现状及法律保护

在农村的离婚案件中，妇女权益难以保护已成为不争的事实。从农村离婚案件中妇女权益受侵犯的表现形式出发，从历史、社会、经济、法律建设等多角度分析离婚中妇女权益受侵犯的原因，最后提出帮助农村妇女提高诉讼能力、在分割夫妻共同财产时加强对女方的保护、给予妇女适当的补偿、完善离婚后的扶养制度等一系列对农村妇女权益的法律保护对策。