Size-Specific Infrared Spectra of Benzene-(H2O)n Clusters (n = 1 through 7): Evidence for Noncyclic (H2O)n Structures

Resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy has been used to record size-specific infrared spectra of C(6)H(6)-(H(2)O)n clusters with n = 1 through 7 in the O-H stretch region. The O-H stretch spectra show a dramatic dependence on cluster size. For the n = 3 to 5 clusters, the transitions can be divided into three types-attributable to free, pi hydrogen-bonded, and single donor water-water O-H stretches-consistent with a C(6)H(6)-(H(2)O)n structure in which benzene is on the surface of a cyclic (H(2)O)n cluster. In n = 6 and 7 clusters, the spectra show distinct new transitions in the 3500 to 3600 wave number region. After comparison of these results with the predictions of ab initio calculations on (H(2)O)n clusters, these new transitions have been assigned to double donor O-H stretches associated with the formation of a more compact, noncyclic structure beginning with (H(2)O)(6). This is the same size cluster for which ab initio calculations predict that a changeover to noncyclic (H(2)O)n structures will occur.     

二维相关红外光谱分析鉴别不同产地黑木耳

不同产地黑木耳的营养成分含量存在差异,因此对黑木耳的产地鉴别具有实用价值。选取8个不同产地的黑木耳,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)和二维相关红外光谱(two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy,2D-IR),对不同样本的2D-IR谱图进行处理和分析,并结合系统聚类分析以鉴别黑木耳的不同产地。结果显示,不同产地黑木耳的傅里叶变换红外光谱整体特征极为相似,偏相关系数的最小值为0.955,不能用于区分黑木耳的产地。不同产地黑木耳在1 730～1 400 cm-1、1 350～1 040 cm-1以及1 030～900 cm-1范围内的二维相关红外光谱中自动峰数目不同,它们之间的自动峰和交叉峰的强度也有较大差异;对1 700～950 cm-1范围内的FT-IR光谱进行系统聚类分析,不同产地黑木耳都得到正确归类。结果表明,二维相关红外光谱分析,结合系统聚类分析能够简单、快速、无损地鉴别不同产地黑木耳。     

花生病害叶的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

[目的]探究傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术在花生病害鉴别中的应用。[方法]利用FTIR技术并结合主成分分析和聚类分析方法对花生褐斑病叶、黑斑病叶、网斑病叶和正常叶进行鉴别。[结果]样品的红外光谱图整体相似,只在1 750～800 cm-1范围内吸收峰的位置和强度有微小差异。对原始光谱图做二阶导数处理,发现3 600～2 800 cm-1和1 750～650 cm-1范围内的二阶导数谱差异明显。选取3 600～2 800 cm-1和1 750～650 cm-1范围做主成分分析和聚类分析,所提取的3个主成分的累计贡献率达到94.9%,分类正确率达到100%,聚类分析的正确率达到94.6%。[结论]傅里叶变换红外光谱技术有望发展成为鉴别农作物病害的有力手段。     

3种颜色玉米胚乳胚芽的FTIR结合聚类分析研究

[目的]研究玉米胚乳胚芽的傅里叶变换红外光谱,为鉴别不同种类玉米提供科学手段.[方法]利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,结合系统聚类分析对3种类型的玉米实体样本的胚乳胚芽进行研究.[结果]原始红外光谱700～1 800 cm-1总体特征相似,主要是由多糖、蛋白质、脂类等吸收谱峰组成,在此范围内3种样本的原始光谱存在微的差异.对光谱进行一阶导数和二阶导数处理,用二阶导数光谱进行系统聚类分析（HCA）,结果表明二阶导数光谱700 ～1 800 cm-1范围按玉米胚芽和胚乳样本聚类效果较好,52个样本能按3个种类很好地聚类,分类正确率达96.1％.[结论]红外光谱结合系统聚类分析方法可用于鉴别不同种玉米胚乳胚芽,具有方便、快速的优点.     

辣椒的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

[目的]利用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱结合主成分分析（PCA）和系统聚类分析（HCA）技术对不同品种辣椒（Capsicum frutescens L）进行鉴别研究.[方法]测试了5种辣椒50个辣椒的红外光谱.[结果]5个不同品种辣椒的红外图谱相似,但在1 800 ～ 800 cm-范围内红外光谱的峰位、峰形及吸收强度有一些微小差异.对原始光谱作二阶导数光谱处理,发现在1 800～ 800 cm-1范围内5种辣椒的二阶导数光谱图差异明显,利用1 800～800 cm-1范围二阶导数光谱数据对5个品种50个样品进行聚类和主成分分析.聚类分析其正确率为100％;主成分析前3个主成分的累计贡献率达到94.47％,其正确率达98％,能把5个辣椒品种分开.[结论]傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合统计分析的方法可以把不同品种的辣椒区分开来.     

Infrared signature of structures associated with the H+(H2O)n (n = 6 to 27) clusters

We report the OH stretching vibrational spectra of size-selected H+(H2O)n clusters through the region of the pronounced "magic number" at n = 21 in the cluster distribution. Sharp features are observed in the spectra and assigned to excitation of the dangling OH groups throughout the size range 6 相似文献   

Quantum solvation of carbonyl sulfide with helium atoms

High-resolution infrared and microwave spectra of He(N)-carbonyl sulfide (He(N)-OCS) clusters with N ranging from 2 to 8 have been detected and unambiguously assigned. The spectra show the formation of a solvation layer beginning with an equatorial "donut" of five helium atoms around the OCS molecule. The cluster moment of inertia increases as a function of N and overshoots the liquid droplet limit for N > 5, implying that even atoms in the first solvation shell are decoupled from the OCS rotation in helium nanodroplets. To the extent that this is due to superfluidity, the results directly explore the microscopic evolution of a phenomenon that is formally macroscopic in nature.     

Infrared spectroscopic evidence for protonated water clusters forming nanoscale cages

Size-dependent development of the hydrogen bond network structure in large sized clusters of protonated water, H+(H2O)n (n = 4 to 27), was probed by infrared spectroscopy of OH stretches. Spectral changes with cluster size demonstrate that the chain structures at small sizes (n less, similar 10) develop into two-dimensional net structures (approximately 10 < n < 21), and then into nanometer-scaled cages (n >/= 21).     

利用FTIR和化学计量学对牛肝菌亲缘关系的研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学对不同种牛肝菌亲缘关系进行研究,为该种群亲缘关系鉴定提供依据,同时为人工栽培牛肝菌奠定理论基础。采集12个种类72份牛肝菌样品的红外光谱,采用二阶导数(2D)、标准正态(SNV)变量和小波压缩(WC)等方法对牛肝菌的原始红外光谱进行优化处理,结合偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)建立鉴别模型。将PLS-DA得到的前8个主成分数据作为提取数据代入系统聚类分析(HCA),获得亲缘关系树状图。结果显示:12种牛肝菌的原始红外光谱较为相似,共有峰主要归属为蛋白质、多糖、纤维素和氨基酸等物质中OH、C=O、C-O-H、C=O、C-C等官能团的吸收峰。对比不同优化处理的鉴别结果,发现2D+WC预处理方法对不同种类牛肝菌区分效果较好。HCA亲缘关系树状图表明,按照物种层面划分,中华牛肝菌和远东疣柄牛肝菌亲缘关系最近,且2种牛肝菌与圆花孢牛肝菌亲缘关系较近;深褐牛肝菌和美味牛肝菌亲缘关系较近;小美牛肝菌和美柄牛肝菌亲缘关系较近,且2种牛肝菌与栗色牛肝菌亲缘关系较近。傅里叶变换红外光谱法可应用于牛肝菌的亲缘关系分析,能为野生食用菌的亲缘关系研究提供一种新方法。     

Spectroscopic determination of the OH- solvation shell in the OH-.(H2O)n clusters

There has been long-standing uncertainty about the number of water molecules in the primary coordination environment of the OH- and F- ions in aqueous chemistry. We report the vibrational spectra of the OH-.(H2O)n and F-.(H2O)n clusters and interpret the pattern of OH stretching fundamentals with ab initio calculations. The spectra of the cold complexes are obtained by first attaching weakly bound argon atoms to the clusters and then monitoring the photoinduced evaporation of these atoms when an infrared laser is tuned to a vibrational resonance. The small clusters (n 相似文献   

Evidence for Superfluidity in Para-Hydrogen Clusters Inside Helium-4 Droplets at 0.15 Kelvin

A linear carbonyl sulfide (OCS) molecule surrounded by 14 to 16 para-hydrogen (pH(2)) molecules, or similar numbers of ortho-deuterium (oD(2)) molecules, within large helium-4 ((4)He) droplets and inside mixed (4)He/(3)He droplets was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. In the pure (4)He droplets (0.38 kelvin), both systems exhibited spectral features that indicate the excitation of angular momentum around the OCS axis. In the colder (4)He/(3)He droplets (0.15 kelvin), these features remained in the oD(2) cluster spectra but disappeared in the pH(2) spectra, indicating that the angular momentum is no longer excited. These results are consistent with the onset of superfluidity, thereby providing the first evidence for superfluidity in a liquid other than helium.     

Hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Europa

Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis.     

苹果叶部病害的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别研究

为建立一种基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合光谱检索和逐步判别分析的苹果叶部病害快速鉴别方法,以白粉病、花叶病、炭疽叶枯病和早期落叶病4种病害,共60份样本的红外光谱、一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱为指标,利用Omnic 8.5软件中光谱检索功能依次与相应光谱库进行检索鉴别。检索结果显示:基于一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱的检索正确率均为96.7%,高于基于红外光谱检索的83.3%。同时,以样品光谱差异较大的1 800~1 000 cm~(-1)波数内的二阶导数红外光谱数据作为判别变量,利用SPSS 20.0软件中的逐步判别分析功能,比较了基于5种挑选判别变量方法建立的判别模型的鉴别效果。鉴别结果显示:采用Mahalanobis距离逐步判别法建立的模型对苹果叶部病害的鉴别效果最好,对训练样本的回判正确率为100.0%,对测试样本的预测正确率为80.8%,总正确率最高,为92.3%。综上表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合光谱检索法或逐步判别分析法,均能较好地诊断苹果叶部病害种类,可为苹果叶部病害的鉴别和诊断提供一种省时、易行的方法。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对2种葡萄球菌的快速分类鉴定

[目的]建立金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌2种菌的傅立叶变换红外光谱数据库及FT-IT分类鉴定方法。[方法]应用FT-IR技术对2种葡萄球菌进行指纹图谱数据采集,应用化学计量学分析方法对光谱进行分析。[结果]建立2种葡萄球菌的标准FT-IR光谱数据库,用于FT-IR技术对2种可疑目标葡萄球菌进行鉴定;建立一种基于主成分分析的聚类分析模型,可成功地区分2种葡萄球菌。[结论]傅立叶变换红外光谱分析方法简便、快速、易操作,结果重现性好,是一种区分金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的有效方法。     

Observations of comet 19P/Borrelly by the miniature integrated camera and spectrometer aboard Deep Space 1

The nucleus of the Jupiter-family comet 19P/Borrelly was closely observed by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer aboard the Deep Space 1 spacecraft on 22 September 2001. The 8-kilometer-long body is highly variegated on a scale of 200 meters, exhibiting large albedo variations (0.01 to 0.03) and complex geologic relationships. Short-wavelength infrared spectra (1.3 to 2.6 micrometers) show a slope toward the red and a hot, dry surface (相似文献   

Dynamics of Carbonium Ions Solvated by Molecular Hydrogen: CH5+(H2)n (n = 1, 2, 3)

The dynamics of the carbonium ion (CH(5)(+)), a highly reactive intermediate with no equilibrium structure, was studied by measuring the infrared spectra for internally cold CH(5)(+)(H(2))n(n = 1, 2, 3) stored in an ion trap. First-principle molecular dynamics methods were used to directly simulate the internal motion for these ionic complexes. The combined experimental and theoretical efforts substantiated the anticipated scrambling motion in the CH(5)(+) core and revealed the effect of the solvent molecular hydrogen in slowing down the scrambling. The results indicate the feasibility of using solvent molecules to stabilize the floppy CH(5)(+) ion in order to make it amenable to spectroscopic study.     

决明子多糖的IR指纹图谱甄别技术

以决明子为研究对象,对其多糖进行了红外分析,建立了江西决明子多糖的红外指纹图谱标准化共有模式(相似度0.935~0.998)。基于该模式,分析发现未知决明子多糖的相似度仅为0.782,进而提取11个共有峰,通过对共有峰的主成分分析和聚类分析,表明未知决明子和江西决明子属于不同类别。该方法可以作为基于多糖类功效成分的原料的质量控制手段。     

中药柴胡与其伪品的红外鉴别

目的采用红外指纹图谱方法,对目前医药市场上中药材柴胡的真伪进行鉴别．方法应用红外标准图谱的方法,将我们测得的红外标准图谱与全国10个城市购买的柴胡样品以及柴胡伪品的红外图谱进行相似度对比．结果柴胡红外标准图谱与样品图谱相似度极高,与伪品相似度较低．结论采用红外图谱的方法对柴胡进行质量控制是可行的．     

Isolating the spectroscopic signature of a hydration shell with the use of clusters: superoxide tetrahydrate

Cluster spectroscopy, aided by ab initio theory, was used to determine the detailed structure of a complete hydration shell around an anion. Infrared spectra of size-selected O(2)-. (H(2)O)(n) (n = 1 to 4) cluster ions were obtained by photoevaporation of an argon nanomatrix. Four water molecules are required to complete the coordination shell. The simple spectrum of the tetrahydrate reveals a structure in which each water molecule is engaged in a single hydrogen bond to one of the four lobes of the pi* orbital of the superoxide, whereas the water molecules bind together in pairs. This illustrates how water networks deform upon accommodating a solute ion to create a distinct supramolecular species.     

野生与栽培天麻的红外三级鉴定

采用红外光谱的三级鉴定法,通过所获得的一维红外光谱、二阶导数谱和二维红外相关谱,可逐步提高红外谱图的分辨率,并从不同的角度上体现其差异性来分析鉴别区分栽培与野生春、冬天麻。结果表明三类天麻样品的一维红外光谱和二阶导数谱整体上十分相似,只是在部分吸收峰略有偏移,对比该区域的二维相关红外光谱,差异主要表现在950-800 cm^-1和相关峰的不同。因此红外三级鉴定法可以对栽培与野生春、冬天麻进行快速、无损、简便的分析与鉴定。