Episodic tremor and slip on the Cascadia subduction zone: the chatter of silent slip

We found that repeated slow slip events observed on the deeper interface of the northern Cascadia subduction zone, which were at first thought to be silent, have unique nonearthquake seismic signatures. Tremorlike seismic signals were found to correlate temporally and spatially with slip events identified from crustal motion data spanning the past 6 years. During the period between slips, tremor activity is minor or nonexistent. We call this associated tremor and slip phenomenon episodic tremor and slip (ETS) and propose that ETS activity can be used as a real-time indicator of stress loading of the Cascadia megathrust earthquake zone.     

High pore fluid pressure may cause silent slip in the Nankai Trough

Silent-slip events have been detected at several subduction zones, but the cause of these events is unknown. Using seismic imaging, we detected a cause of the Tokai silent slip, which occurred at a presumed fault zone of a great earthquake. The seismic image that we obtained shows a zone of high pore fluid pressure in the subducted oceanic crust located down-dip of a subducted ridge. We propose that these structures effectively extend a region of conditionally stable slips and consequently generate the silent slip.     

Earthquake hazards on the cascadia subduction zone

Large subduction earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone pose a potential seismic hazard. Very young oceanic lithosphere (10 million years old) is being subducted beneath North America at a rate of approximately 4 centimeters per year. The Cascadia subduction zone shares many characteristics with subduction zones in southern Chile, southwestern Japan, and Colombia, where comparably young oceanic lithosphere is also subducting. Very large subduction earthquakes, ranging in energy magnitude (M(w)) between 8 and 9.5, have occurred along these other subduction zones. If the Cascadia subduction zone is also storing elastic energy, a sequence of several great earthquakes (M(w) 8) or a giant earthquake (M(w) 9) would be necessary to fill this 1200-kilometer gap. The nature of strong ground motions recorded during subduction earthquakes of M(w) less than 8.2 is discussed. Strong ground motions from even larger earthquakes (M(w) up to 9.5) are estimated by simple simulations. If large subduction earthquakes occur in the Pacific Northwest, relatively strong shaking can be expected over a large region. Such earthquakes may also be accompanied by large local tsunamis.     

A scattered-wave image of subduction beneath the transverse ranges

Over 5600 short-period recordings of teleseismic events were used to create deterministic maps of P-wave scatterers in the upper mantle beneath Southern California. Between depths of 50 and 200 kilometers, the southern flank of the slab subducting beneath the Transverse Ranges is marked by strong scattering. The marked scattering indicates that the edge of the slab is a sharp thermal boundary. Such a boundary could be produced by slab shearing or small-scale convection in the surrounding mantle. The northern limb of the slab is not a strong scatterer, consistent with thicker lithosphere north of the Transverse Ranges.     

均布荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移近似计算及其效应分析

为了计算钢-混凝土组合梁的截面滑移及其对梁强度和刚度的影响。提出了具有界面滑移的钢-混凝土组合梁的总荷载及截面总弯矩由2部份组成。不考虑滑移的组合梁承担整体荷载及整体弯矩，能自由滑移的叠合梁承担局部荷载和局部弯矩。基于Bernoulli梁理论和抗剪连接件线性剪力-滑移模型。建立截面总弯矩分配的计算公式．给出均部荷载作用下简支组合梁的栓钉剪力及界面滑移近似计算公式。得到了考虑滑移的组合梁在弹性阶段截面弹性应力、跨中挠度的计算公式及挠度增大系数。     

A detailed map of the 660-kilometer discontinuity beneath the izu-bonin subduction zone

Dynamical processes in the Earth's mantle, such as cold downwelling at subduction zones, cause deformations of the solid-state phase change that produces a seismic discontinuity near a depth of 660 kilometers. Observations of short-period, shear-to-compressional wave conversions produced at the discontinuity yield a detailed map of deformation beneath the Izu-Bonin subduction zone. The discontinuity is depressed by about 60 kilometers beneath the coldest part of the subducted slab, with a deformation profile consistent with the expected thermal signature of the slab, the experimentally determined Clapeyron slope of the phase transition, and the regional tectonic history.     

A high-frequency secondary event during the 2004 Parkfield earthquake

By using seismic records of the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquake, we identified a burst of high-frequency seismic radiation that occurred about 13 kilometers northwest of the hypocenter and 5 seconds after rupture initiation. We imaged this event in three dimensions by using a waveform back-projection method, as well as by timing distinct arrivals visible on many of the seismograms. The high-frequency event is located near the south edge of a large slip patch seen in most seismic and geodetic inversions, indicating that slip may have grown abruptly at this point. The time history obtained from full-waveform back projection suggests a rupture velocity of 2.5 kilometers per second. Energy estimates for the subevent, together with long-period slip inversions, indicate a lower average stress drop for the northern part of the Parkfield earthquake compared with that for the region near its hypocenter, which is in agreement with stress-drop estimates obtained from small-magnitude aftershocks.     

基于框架式的MIS智能接口模型

针对目前大多数管理信息系统存在的问题,本文提出了一种适用于管理信息系统数据库的智能接口模型。该模型采用菜单驱动方式,用框架引导用户构造自己特定的操作,使之能更自然、更充分的利用系统的信息资源。文中介绍了该模型的结构。     

基于框架式的MIS智能接口模型

针对目前大多数管理信息系统存在的问题，提出了一种适用于管理信息系统数据库的智能接口模型。该模型采用菜单驱动方式，用框架引导用户构造自己特定的操作，使之能更自然、更充分地利用系统的信息资源。并介绍了该模型的结构，给出了示例。     

Simulation of tsunamis from great earthquakes on the cascadia subduction zone

Large earthquakes occur episodically in the Cascadia subduction zone. A numerical model has been used to simulate and assess the hazards of a tsunami generated by a hypothetical earthquake of magnitude 8.5 associated with rupture of the northern sections of the subduction zone. Wave amplitudes on the outer coast are closely related to the magnitude of sea-bottom displacement (5.0 meters). Some amplification, up to a factor of 3, may occur in some coastal embayments. Wave amplitudes in the protected waters of Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia are predicted to be only about one fifth of those estmated on the outer coast.     

A remarkable auroral event on jupiter observed in the ultraviolet with the hubble space telescope

Two sets of ultraviolet images of the Jovian north aurora were obtained with the Faint Object Camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The first series shows an intense discrete arc in near corotation with the planet. The maximum apparent molecular hydrogen emission rate corresponds to an electron precipitation of approximately 1 watt per square meter, which is about 30,000 times larger than the solar heating by extreme ultraviolet radiation. Such a particle heating rate of the auroral upper atmosphere of Jupiter should cause a large transient temperature increase and generate strong thermospheric winds. Twenty hours after initial observation, the discrete arc had decreased in brightness by more than one order of magnitude. The time scale and magnitude of the change in the ultraviolet aurora leads us to suggest that the discrete Jovian auroral precipitation is related to large-scale variations in the current system, as is the case for Earth's discrete aurorae.     

A "silent" polymorphism in the MDR1 gene changes substrate specificity

Synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) do not produce altered coding sequences, and therefore they are not expected to change the function of the protein in which they occur. We report that a synonymous SNP in the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, part of a haplotype previously linked to altered function of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), nonetheless results in P-gp with altered drug and inhibitor interactions. Similar mRNA and protein levels, but altered conformations, were found for wild-type and polymorphic P-gp. We hypothesize that the presence of a rare codon, marked by the synonymous polymorphism, affects the timing of cotranslational folding and insertion of P-gp into the membrane, thereby altering the structure of substrate and inhibitor interaction sites.     

浅谈课件创作中的界面设计

从生理学、美学角度和客观实践出发，阐述了在课件制作中，有关人机界面的一些设计原则，着重就视觉流程、视觉均衡、空白处理、元素对比、提高视读性、增加韵律感以及预期原则等内容分别进行了论述。     

路面行驶工况下拖拉机驱动轮滑转率的测试与分析

为测试拖拉机经常行驶的水泥路面、石子路面、软土路面工况驱动轮滑转率的变化情况,采用GPS法、雷达法、最小轮速法3种方法对拖拉机的行驶速度进行测试,驱动轮的轮速采用编码器进行测量;利用PCI1740数据采集卡采集各传感器信号,采用图形化编程软件Labview编程来实现数据的实时显示和存储,测试不同车速、不同路面行驶工况下拖拉机驱动轮滑转率。结果表明:软土路面上的打滑程度最大,水泥路面上打滑程度最低;在低速(一档、二档)时,拖拉机的滑转率为9.0%~13.6%;在高速(三档、四档)时,拖拉机的滑转率为3.26%~6.27%。GPS法测试时不受路面情况的影响,雷达法适合路面情况较好的环境,最小轮速法适合车速较高的时候;拖拉机的滑转率随着车速的增加呈减小的趋势。     

InSAR observations of low slip rates on the major faults of western Tibet

Two contrasting views of the active deformation of Asia dominate the debate about how continents deform: (i) The deformation is primarily localized on major faults separating crustal blocks or (ii) deformation is distributed throughout the continental lithosphere. In the first model, western Tibet is being extruded eastward between the major faults bounding the region. Surface displacement measurements across the western Tibetan plateau using satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) indicate that slip rates on the Karakoram and Altyn Tagh faults are lower than would be expected for the extrusion model and suggest a significant amount of internal deformation in Tibet.     

Evidence for 115 kilometers of right slip on the san gregorio-hosgri fault trend

The San Gregorio-Hosgri fault trend is a component of the San Andreas fault system on which there may have been about 115 kilometers of post-early Miocene right-lateral strike slip. If so, right slip on the San Andreas and San Gregorio-Hosgri faults accounts for most of the movement between the Pacific and North American plates since mid-Miocene time. Furthermore, the magnitude of right slip on a Paleogene proto-San Andreas fault inferred from the present distribution of granitic basement is reduced considerably when Neogene-Recent San Gregorio-Hosgri right slip is taken into account.     

基于USB接口的机载记录仪的设计

飞机通信系统中重要数据对于保障飞行安全,提高飞行训练水平和机务维护质量都具有十分重要的作用。但是,由于以前电子设计技术的限制,记录仪记录的数据存在速度慢、没有实时性的特点。因此,十分有必要设计一款新的记录仪弥补这些缺点。本文介绍了基于USB接口的机载记录仪的总体设计和工作过程;分别详细描述了记录仪的硬件和软件程序设计和编程思想。