槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯对小鼠的保胎作用及IL-10和CD80~+/CD86~+细胞的影响

本文旨在研究槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠流产的保护作用及其对小鼠子宫IL-10水平和脾脏CD80+/CD86+细胞数量的影响。试验选用LPS尾静脉注射(0.10μg/鼠),制造小鼠流产模型,于怀孕第4~7d分别口服不同保胎药物,检测各组(n=10)小鼠的流产率、胚胎吸收率、子宫组织IL-10水平和脾脏CD80+/CD86+表达的变化。发现LPS诱导流产的小鼠IL-10含量降低,CD80+/CD86+比值升高,预先口服不同保胎药物后,不同程度的抑制了LPS的作用,其中以槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯联合使用组的保胎效果最为明显,并且IL-10含量显著升高,CD80+/CD86+比值显著降低,与LPS流产组比较均差异显著(P0.05)。这些结果表明,LPS诱导流产与机体IL-10和共刺激分子CD80+/CD86+有关。保胎中药成分槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯有降低小鼠脾脏CD80+/CD86+比值,促进母胎界面Th2细胞因子IL-10分泌的作用。     

川楝素对妊娠小鼠子宫组织中CD4+/CD8+T细胞和F4/80+巨噬细胞的影响

为探讨CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞和F4/80+巨噬细胞在流产发生机制中的意义,研究中药单体成分川楝素诱导小鼠流产的作用及机理,本试验给妊娠5 d小鼠连续3 d腹腔注射不同剂量的川楝素溶液,对照组以等量的蒸馏水代替,于妊娠9 d处死.在给药后发现随着注射川楝素剂量的增加,小鼠的流产率逐渐上升,CD4+、CD8+ T淋...     

归芪甘草汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为研究归芪甘草汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响,该药液由黄芪、当归、炙甘草、熟地和党参组成,经传统水煎法获得浓度为1 g/mL药液;以环磷酰胺诱导建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,培健康小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠灌服药液;在试验第15天,应用流式细胞技术、溶血素测定法和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定法,检测复方中药对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4、CD8)、IgM和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响.结果显示对免疫抑制小鼠,灌服药液和灌服蒸馏水小鼠相比较,CD4+/CD8+、IgM、吞噬功能百分率和吞噬指数差异极显著(P＜0 01);对健康小鼠,灌服药液和灌服蒸馏水小鼠相比较,CD4+ /CD8+比值差异不显著(P＞0.05),IgM值和吞噬百分率差异显著(P＜0.05),吞噬指数差异极显著(P＜0.01).表明归芪甘草汤具有增强昆明系小鼠免疫功能的作用,尤其是对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能增强更为显著.     

黄芩及其成分对RU486诱导小鼠流产的保胎作用及脾脏CD80+、CD86+细胞数量的影响

为了研究共刺激分子CD80(B7-1)、CD86(B7-2)在流产发生机制中的意义,探讨中药黄芩及其成分的安胎作用及机理,本试验用米非司酮(RU486)皮下注射(每鼠90μg)诱导BALB/c小鼠流产,流式细胞仪测定脾脏中CD80 、CD86 细胞的数量。发现RU486诱导流产的小鼠脾脏中CD80 细胞显著升高,CD86 细胞显著减少。预先经口给予保胎中药黄芩及其单体成分黄芩苷和黄芩素,则能显著抑制RU486的流产作用,使母鼠胚胎吸收率降低,脾脏中CD80 细胞数量显著降低,CD86 细胞数量显著升高。这些结果表明,RU486诱导流产与机体共刺激分子CD80 、CD86 有关。保胎中药黄芩及单体成分有调节共刺激分子CD80 、CD86 细胞数量的作用。     

原花青素A-1体内外对猪与小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为研究从碎米花杜鹃叶中分离得到的化合物原花青素A-1（Proanthocyanidin A-1，简称PAA-1）的免疫增强活性，初步从细胞水平上探讨其免疫增强机制。体外试验采用流式细胞术，检测PAA-1体外对小鼠脾淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4和CD8单阳性和双阳性T淋巴细胞亚群百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值；体内试验通过饲喂不同剂量的PAA-1后，检测试验猪外周血淋巴细胞CD4和CD8单阳性以及CD4+/CD8+比值。结果证明，体外试验中同阴性对照组相比，PAA-1能单独或协同Con A提升具CD4+、CD8+及CD4+CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞亚群百分率，提高CD4+/CD8+的比值；体内试验中饲喂中、高剂量的PAA-1的试验猪外周血中具有CD4+、CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞的百分率及CD4+/CD8+的比值均有显著提高。说明PAA-1可通过增加辅助性T淋巴细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞数量、促进T淋巴细胞的成熟以及增加CD4+/CD8+的比值发挥增强细胞免疫的作用，为其进一步开发为新型免疫增强剂提供试验依据。     

复方中药秦公散对小鼠脾脏和外周血中T、B淋巴细胞的影响

为探讨治疗奶牛乳房炎的复方中药秦公散对小鼠脾脏和外周血中T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞亚群的影响,采用流式细胞仪测定各处理组小鼠脾脏和外周血中用CD3+、CD4+ 、CD8+标记的T淋巴细胞百分率及CD4+/CD8+的比值和CD19+标记的B淋巴细胞百分率。结果表明,与蒸馏水组相比,秦公散高剂量组小鼠脾脏和外周血中CD3+、CD4+细胞百分率和CD4+/CD8+的比值均显著提高,对环孢菌素（CsA）抑制小鼠有显著恢复作用(P<0.05);秦公散高剂量（20 g/kg体重）可显著提高健康小鼠脾脏和外周血中CD19+细胞百分率(P<0.05),对环孢菌素抑制小鼠的CD19+细胞百分率有显著恢复作用(P<0.05)。结果表明,治疗奶牛乳房炎的复方中药秦公散通过提高机体中CD3+细胞、CD19+细胞百分率和调节CD4+/CD8+之间的平衡来显著提高小鼠机体的细胞免疫功能和恢复由环孢菌素（CsA）抑制的小鼠机体免疫力。     

米糠多糖对免疫抑制鸡外周血CD4~+和CD8~+ T淋巴细胞亚群的调节作用

为探讨米糠多糖对免疫抑制鸡免疫功能的调节作用,采用流式细胞技术检测了环磷酰胺和传染性法氏囊病毒诱导免疫抑制鸡在服用米糠多糖(剂量为150 mg/kg)和不服用米糠多糖情况下,外周血中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化。结果显示,米糠多糖能够抑制环磷酰胺和传染性法氏囊病毒处理鸡外周血中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞数量的降低;提高健康雏鸡外周血中CD4+T淋巴细胞比率,对CD8+T淋巴细胞作用不明显。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫对藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡致病性差异分析

为进一步明确柔嫩艾美耳球虫对球虫易感性差异鸡种的致病性,本研究以1×10~5个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊的剂量分别感染对球虫具有抗性的藏鸡和易感的隐性白羽鸡,接种后观察记录各组鸡的临床表征、血便记分、死亡率、增重、盲肠病变记分、卵囊产量,并于感染前和感染后3、6和8 d每个品种分别随机选择5只鸡采集抗凝血,应用流式细胞仪(FCAS)检测外周血CD4~+T和CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群数量。结果显示,柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染后藏鸡相对增重率高于隐性白羽鸡,死亡率、血便记分和盲肠病变记分均低于隐性白羽鸡,但卵囊产量高于隐性白羽鸡。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化方面,感染前,藏鸡CD4~+T淋巴细胞数及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均高于隐性白羽鸡。感染后第3天,藏鸡CD4~+、CD8~+ T淋巴细胞数及CD4~+/CD8~+比值下降,隐性白羽鸡CD8~+ T淋巴细胞数略有下降,CD4~+T淋巴细胞数及CD4~+/CD8~+比值上升,但CD4~+/CD8~+比值仍显著低于藏鸡(P0.05)。感染后第6天,2个品种鸡CD4~+ T淋巴细胞数及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均下降,其中藏鸡表现为显著下降(P0.05),而隐性白羽鸡仅CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著降低(P0.05),隐性白羽鸡CD8~+ T淋巴细胞数显著升高(P0.05)。感染后第8天,2个品种鸡CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著下降(P0.05),藏鸡CD8~+ T淋巴细胞数显著高于隐性白羽鸡(P0.05),但CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著低于隐性白羽鸡(P0.05)。结果表明,球虫对藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡的致病性存在差异,这种差异与T淋巴细胞介导的免疫应答反应密切相关。     

牛磺鹅去氧胆酸对小鼠外周血和脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞的影响

试验旨在探讨牛磺鹅去氧胆酸（taurochenodxycholic acid, TCDCA）对小鼠外周血和脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群和B淋巴细胞的影响。试验采用流式细胞仪测定各处理组小鼠外周血和脾脏中用CD3+、CD3+CD4+ 、CD3+CD8+标记的T淋巴细胞百分率和CD19+标记的B淋巴细胞百分率。 结果表明,与空白对照组比较,高剂量（0.20 g/kg）TCDCA组、低剂量（0.10 g/kg）TCDCA组、CsA+高剂量（0.20 g/kg）TCDCA组和CsA+低剂量（0.10 g/kg）TCDCA组小鼠脾脏中的CD4+/CD8+的比值均得到极显著提高;与环孢素A组相比,CsA+高剂量（0.20 g/kg）TCDCA组和CsA+低剂量（0.10 g/kg）TCDCA组小鼠外周血中的CD3+CD4+、CD3+ T淋巴细胞的百分率和脾脏中CD3+ T淋巴细胞百分率显著提高。因此,TCDCA通过提高机体中CD3+ T淋巴细胞的百分率和调整CD4+/CD8+之间的平衡来显著提高小鼠机体的免疫功能和恢复由环孢素抑制的小鼠机体免疫力。     

桦木酸对小鼠淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞的影响分析

为了研究桦木酸对小鼠淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的影响.从白桦树皮中提取桦木醇,经琼斯试剂氧化制备中间产物桦木酮酸后,用硼氢化钠还原合成桦木酸;取6周龄KM小鼠168只,随机分为4组,按0、0.25、0.5和1 mg·kg-1体质量连续灌胃14 d,检测桦木酸对淋巴细胞的增殖,脾和胸腺淋巴细胞亚群以及脾淋巴细胞的溶血空斑数和巨噬细胞的吞噬能力的影响.结果表明,桦木酸能提高小鼠的免疫器官指数,协同促进ConA或LPS诱导的小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞或B淋巴细胞的增殖活性,提高胸腺淋巴细胞CD4+百分率,脾淋巴细胞的CD19+百分率以及CD4+/CD8+的百分比;桦木酸增加SRBC免疫小鼠溶血空斑数,还能显著增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力.结果提示,桦木酸具有一定的免疫调节作用,对小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫功能和非特异免疫有明显的增强作用.     

微波-萃取石菖蒲挥发油成分的分析

目的:分析石菖蒲挥发油的化学成分。方法:用微波萃取的方式提取石菖蒲中的挥发油,以气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术进行挥发油的化学成分分析。结果:石菖蒲挥发油中细辛醚含量最高,其次是2,4-二甲基肉桂酸。结论:研究石菖蒲挥发油主要成分,实现药用成分的化学合成,是综合开发利用石菖蒲资源的有效措施。     

石菖蒲对热应激肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

本次试验研究石菖蒲对热应激肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响。将80只14日龄AA肉雏鸡,随机分为4组,在热应激条件下,试验A组、B组和C组肉鸡分别灌服高(3mLl)、中(1.5mL)、低(1mL)三种剂量的石菖蒲水提液,连续7天,D组为对照组。在14日龄、21日龄、28日龄和35日龄分别计算饲料转化率,并采取外周血,计算IL-2含量。结果表明,石菖蒲能够明显提高热应激条件下肉鸡的饲料转化率(P<0.01),并能够提高热应激条件下肉鸡IL-2的含量(P<0.05)。说明石菖蒲具有效缓解热应激对肉鸡影响的作用。     

Distribution of immune cells in the female reproductive tract in uninfected and FIV infected cats

Cell-free and cell-associated FIV effectively cross the mucosa of the feline female reproductive tract. To identify possible cellular targets of FIV and to characterize changes in mucosal immunity after infection, we examined the types and numbers of immune cells residing in the reproductive tracts of control and intravaginally FIV-infected cats. Sections of the vestibule, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries, were examined by immunohistochemistry for CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD22+ B lymphocytes, CD1a+ dendritic cells, and CD14+ macrophages. The reproductive tract of uninfected cats contained substantial numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as moderate numbers of CD1a+ dendritic cells, and few B lymphocytes. The most prominent change between FIV- and FIV+ cats was a marked decrease in the concentration of CD4+ T lymphocytes resulting in inverted CD4+:CD8+ ratios throughout the reproductive tract of infected cats. There was also a trend towards increasing numbers of CD1a+ dendritic cells in the intravaginally-infected FIV+ cats, and decreasing numbers of macrophages and CD22+ B lymphocytes. This study indicates that similar to the peripheral immune system, FIV infection is associated with CD4+ cell loss and reduced CD4+:CD8+ ratios in the female reproductive mucosal tissue.     

Flow cytometric characterization of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques: normal range, age- and sex-related differences

Available data on the normal levels of white blood cell populations in healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) originated and living in China is scanty. To obtain such data, blood samples from 150 Chinese rhesus macaques were collected and the normal range of white blood cells and their subsets were analyzed according to age and sex by flow cytometry. CBC data showed that the count of total white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased with age. Phenotypic analysis of CD4 and CD8 expression on CD3+ T lymphocytes showed that the percentage of CD4+ T cells (51.4+/-9.6%), CD4-CD8- T cells (8.5+/-4.1%) and the ratio of CD4+ T to CD8+ T cells (1.26+/-0.55) decreased with age; and the percentage of CD8+ T cells (42.0+/-9.7%), CD4+CD8+ T cells (1.3+/-0.9%) and CD3+ lymphocytes (55.3+/-13.3%) increased with age. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the male and female groups in most parameters in these monkeys except for the percentage of CD4+CD8+ T cells. This study provided basic information about blood cell count and T lymphocyte subsets in Chinese rhesus macaques. It may be useful for comparative studies using Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques.     

Phenotypic analysis of hepatic T lymphocytes in a dog with chronic hepatitis

We evaluated hepatic T lymphocyte phenotypes in a dog with chronic hepatitis. Before treatment, numerous CD3+ lymphocytes were demonstrated in the liver, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was remarkably high (2.96; reference range, 0.33+/-0.12). After treatment, CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration in the liver was reduced, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ decreased to 0.31. Therefore, hepatic T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ lymphocytes, might play a central role in the pathogenesis of this dog with chronic hepatitis.     

The Localization Changes of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Chicken Lung at Different Ages

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune state of chicken lung in different periods.With lung tissue of Hy-line White chicken at different ages,the distribution and quantity changes of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in lung were studied using immunohistochemistry staining.The results showed that CD8⁺T lymphocytes appeared firstly in embryonic at 18 d,while CD4⁺T lymphocytes appeared at 1-day-old chicken.At 4-day-old,there were aggregates of lymphocytes at the junction of the primary and secondary bronchi,which formed obvious broncho-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).CD4⁺T lymphocytes of each age mainly occupied the central area of BALT,while CD8⁺T lymphocytes mainly surrounded the periphery.Since 56 days old,CD8⁺T lymphocytes are distributed in the inner wall of third-order bronchial airway,atrial septum,gas exchange area and interlobular connective tissue,and are distributed throughout the lung.In terms of quantity change,with the growth of daily age,the number of CD4⁺T lymphocytes and CD8⁺T lymphocytes gradually increased,and the number of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was more than that of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes before 35 days of age,while the number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was significantly more than that of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes at the same age thereafter.The results showed that the distribution and number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in the lungs of chickens were correlated with the age,and the changes could reflect that the lungs before the age of 35 days were dominated by humoral immunity,while the lungs after that tended to be cellular immunity.     

Comparative effects of fluoroquinolones on subsets of T lymphocytes in normothermic and hyperthermic mice

The subsets of T lymphocytes in thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were investigated in normothermic and hyperthermic mice treated with fluoroquinolones administered orally six times at 24 h intervals at doses of 15 or 75 mg/kg (flumequine, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and 5 or 25 mg/kg (enrofloxacin). It has been found that fluoroquinolones can modulate CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ marker expression on thymocytes, splenocytes and lymphocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes. Flumequine (15 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of immature CD4+CD8+ thymic cells and increased the percentage of mature CD4+ and CD8+. When the dose of flumequine was increased to 75 mg/kg a reduction in the maturation of thymocytes was observed. Administration of flumequine, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, irrespective of doses applied, increased the percentages of CD3+ splenocytes of CD4+ spleen cells. Exposure to enrofloxacin decreased the percentage of T helper-inducer cells. Flumequine and ciprofloxacin augmented the percentage of CD3+ mesenteric lymph node cells and increased the percentage of CD8+ cells. In contrast, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin decreased the percentage of CD3+ mesenteric lymph node cells and the percentage of CD4+ cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (25 micro g/mouse) increased the percentage of single-positive CD4+ thymocytes, but did not affect the percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells. Flumequine and ciprofloxacin administered to mice pior to LPS potentiated its stimulant effect on the maturation of thymic cells ( increased percentage of mature CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes). Pre-treatment with norfloxacin or enrofloxacin either reduced or did not modify the stimulant effect of LPS on maturation of thymic cells. Flumequine, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin administered prior to LPS decreased the percentage of CD8+ splenocytes and increased the percentage of CD4+ spleen cells. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin at a dose of 75 mg/kg reduced the percentage of CD8+ mesenteric lymph node cells in hyperthermic mice. Pretreatment with norfloxacin at a dose of 15 mg/kg augmented the percentage of mesenteric lymph node cells. It was concluded that the modulating effects of fluoroquinolones depends on the chemial structure of drugs, dose administered as well as immunologic status.     

Flow cytometric analysis of canine umbilical cord blood lymphocytes

Lymphocyte subsets in canine umbilical cord blood were flow cytometrically analyzed and compared with those of the dams' peripheral blood. The proportion of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD21+CD3- B lymphocytes, and CD3-CD21- non-T non-B lymphocytes in umbilical cord blood was 52.9%, 30.4%, and 16.7%, respectively. T lymphocyte/B lymphocyte ratio was significantly lower in the umbilical cord blood than in the dams' peripheral blood (2.1 +/- 1.4 versus 11.0 +/- 8.1, P < 0.001). In contrast, CD4+ lymphocyte/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the umbilical cord blood than in the dams' peripheral blood (7.6 +/- 2.2 versus 1.8 +/- 0.6, P<0.001). These findings clarified the phenotypic characters of canine umbilical cord blood lymphocytes.