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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):249-259
Abstract Planning instruments have to be consistent with the underlying values of the forest owners to have an influence on their management activities. The aims of the present study were to identify different types of Swedish forest owners, to quantify their objectives and to validate a previous, qualitative study of the objectives of the small-scale forest owners. A survey was conducted and forest owners were classified by means of cluster analysis into five types: the “economist”, the “conservationist”, the “traditionalist”, the “multiobjective owner” and finally the “passive owner”. Significant factors characterizing these owners are presented and discussed. The results showed that clear subgroups of forest owners can be differentiated by their objectives and confirm recent studies suggesting that a sole emphasis on economic benefits is not desirable from the forest owners’ point of view. The findings should give a better understanding of the behaviour of the small-scale forest owners and provide a basis for further research, counselling and development of forest policy. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(8):797-810
This article describes the transformation of old-growth forest to managed forests, in North (N) Sweden and boreal regions of North-West (BNW) Russia, from economic, social and ecological perspectives. Whereas in BNW Russia, the logging frontier could be kept moving into unharvested regions, N Sweden earlier had to develop solutions where large-scale logging had already taken place. In 1950–1990, Swedish strategies included rationing of old forest, effective regeneration and also precommercial and commercial thinning. Supporting means were legislation, government-funded subsidies and collaboration among enterprises, researchers and political leaders. BNW Russia is currently facing similar challenges and N Swedish experiences should be analysed and used where applicable. In N Sweden, a too low proportion of representative productive old forests remains, but in the last decades, N Swedish forests exempted from economic use have been significantly increased. Ongoing discussions of also defining areas with more intensive forest management would lead to a zoning, bearing some resemblance to the Russian system, in use since 1943. Russian experience should, therefore, be of interest to Swedish forest policy-makers. Both countries have problems with rural social issues. Both can benefit from collaboration on these aspects of sustainable forest management. 相似文献
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广西大容山自然保护区经营管理对策探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
吴伟尧 《中南林业调查规划》2012,31(3):42-44
广西大容山自然保护区是珠江和南流江水源涵养林、水土保护林建设的重点地区,目前保护区存在的问题主要为森林类型简单、水源涵养能力较低、管理机构不完善,对此提出相应的发展对策。 相似文献
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本文分析了戴云山国家级自然保护区森林生物多样性保护的现状,指出威胁森林生物多样性保护的主要因素和森林生物多样性保护应遵循的原则,探讨实现森林生物多样性有效保护的具体措施。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):504-514
Abstract The process of protection (e.g. reserves, agreements) on the lands of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners sometimes leads to conflicts (conflict: a perceived threat to needs, interests or concerns; in this study, “threat” was important). To investigate predictive factors for such conflicts in southern Sweden, a questionnaire was sent to 132 NIPF owners with woodland key habitat (WKH; identified biodiversity values). The response rate was 77% and conflict was reported by 22.5% of respondents, while 14% reported good relations with authorities. The respondents reported conflict due to rules for cutting, protection and compensation. Compared with other owners, those reporting conflict were younger (mean 54 versus 62 years old), had more negative opinion about the personal contact with the authority, had twice as large an area of WKH and had more negative opinion about the WKH. Logistic regression revealed four variables that predicted conflict: area of WKH on property, opinion about WKH, opinion about personal contact and, especially, age of respondent. Younger forest owners may be more dependent upon income from harvesting than older owners. Conflicts were frequent and the factors identified here should be taken into account in forest conservation work. 相似文献
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本文阐述了中国森林认证体系建设发展历程及松江河林业有限公司开展中国森林认证试点背景和过程,分析了森林经营认证过程中森林经营与保护方针、目标和原则,总结实践与经验提出具体森林经营与保护措施,并对吉林省森林认证前景进行讨论。 相似文献
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全面提高对林地林权管理的认识;明晰产权,落实林地保护利用规划,构建林地林权管理的制度体系和长效机制;不断强化责任意识,把林地林权管理落到实处。 相似文献
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Tage Klingberg 《Small-Scale Forestry》2003,2(3):409-421
A perspective is presented on the role of forest certification in general and concerning small-scale forestry in particular.
Certification may be viewed as a tool to communicate with consumers, as a tool to influence forest management or as a game
of power and money. Market studies indicate that the end consumers have little interest in certification; the process seems
to be more of an issue for some large retailers of wood products. The impact of certification on forest management and thus
on the environment has not been studied extensively, and the original objective to stop devastation of tropical forests has
so far failed. Certification is a new type of regulation, not based on democratic institutions. Equal treatment, correct procedures
for appeal and transparency of decision processes are issues of governance yet to be addressed. The market penetration of
certification is increasing, but its importance is an open question. One possible scenario is that large retailers and their
large suppliers will adopt certification while the large number of smaller forest owners, wood processors and dealers abstain.
Small-scale forest owners do well to develop their own standpoint vis-à-vis certification and marketing. 相似文献
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Lithuania has been undergoing a transition from one political culture (based on a centrally planned economy and a one-party
system) to a radically different political culture (market economy and a democratic political system). After the declaration
of independence in Lithuania, some new phenomena emerged in forestry: the privatisation of forest industry, the formation
of a free timber market; increasing timber export levels; and new modes of ownership (private forests) and enterprise (private
business logging companies). Private forest owners control approximately 680,000 ha of forest, 33% of the total forest area,
projected to increase to 40–45% in the future. Small-scale private forestry is developing in Lithuania but there is a lack
of information about the objectives and problems of private forest owners. This paper presents the main results of a survey
carried out in 2004 by the Lithuanian Forest Research Institute. The most important forest ownership objectives are firewood
production for home consumption, income generation from wood and non-wood product sales, and protection of nature and biodiversity.
The main problems for private forest owners are that the forest properties are too small to achieve efficiency, owners lack
money for silviculture activities and there is a heavy bureaucratic system for forest-related activity documentation. A cluster
analysis of respondents’ ratings of importance for various forest management objectives reveals four groups of private forest
owners. These groups are named according to their dominant management objective, as multi-objective owners, businessmen, consumers
and ecologists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):564-573
Abstract Agri-environmental schemes' ability to increase the provision of environmental goods has been questioned because such schemes may pay landowners for something they would have done anyway. Contributing to this discussion, the aim of this paper is to investigate how financial compensation changes forest owners' declared willingness to set aside productive forest areas for nature conservation. The study is based on a survey of forest owner attitudes and ownership objectives in Denmark. First, it was analyzed how forest owners' declared willingness to set aside productive forest area for nature conservation changed when they were offered financial compensation. The majority of forest owners (64%) increased their willingness to set aside forest when offered financial compensation, whereas for others, compensation resulted in no change or, for a few respondents, even decreased the willingness. Hence, financial compensation may help to increase the provision of environmental goods but it is necessary to be aware of groups not motivated by financial incentives. Secondly, a binary logit model showed that the greatest likelihood of financial compensation increasing the motivation for setting aside forest is observed for owners who are young, female, live in the western part of Denmark and own farmland. Policy makers can use such information to target subsidy schemes at particular groups. 相似文献
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以登封国有林场为试验对象,开发了国有林场森林资源信息管理系统,并得到应用。基本上实现了登封国有林场森林资源管理的信息化,为森林资源的科学管理和决策,以及可持续发展提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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随着森林认证工作在我国的陆续开展,高保护价值森林越来越受到人们的重视。高保护价值森林是可持续经营的重要内容,应对其进行合理的保护与科学的经营。在综述高保护价值森林的内涵的基础上,分别阐述了6种类型高保护价值森林的判定标准以及部分可评定区域。根据高保护价值森林的实际情况,从规划、国家政策、地方法规、科技支撑等宏观层面提出了保护建议。分析了6种类型高保护价值森林存在的经营管护问题,并提出相应的经营管理建议,为高保护价值森林经营提供参考。 相似文献