The expression of genes related to adipocyte differentiation in pigs

The purpose of this study was to detect differential expression of genes related to adipocyte differentiation in pigs by suppression subtractive hybridization. Adipocytes and stromal vascular cells (a fraction containing preadipocytes) from pig adipose tissue were isolated for mRNA extraction. The cDNA from preadipocytes was subtracted from the cDNA from adipocytes. The subtracted gene fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy TA cloning vector. We selected 384 clones for gene sequence determination and for further analysis. These genes were subjected to a differential screening procedure to confirm the differential expression of genes between the 2 cell types. We found that at least 36 genes were highly expressed in the adipocytes compared with preadipocytes. Among these, 6 genes including 2 novel genes with the greatest differences were selected and confirmed by Northern analysis. We found that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM), calpain 1, and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) were highly expressed in adipocytes compared with preadipocytes (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA abundance of ACE, ATM, calpain 1, SCD1, and 2 novel genes discovered in the current study was increased at the later stages of adipocyte differentiation (P < 0.05). The results confirmed that the genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation were highly expressed in porcine adipocytes. However, further investigation is needed to demonstrate specific functions of the novel genes discovered in the current study.     

猪甘油三酯水解酶和激素敏感脂酶基因表达规律的研究

利用半定量RT-PCR法分析比较了甘油三酯水解酶(Triacylglycerol hydrolase,TGH)和激素敏感脂酶(Hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)基因在不同猪种、不同发育阶段及不同部位脂肪组织中转录表达的差异,探讨其在猪脂肪组织的表达规律。结果显示,脂肪型个体TGHmRNA表达丰度显著低于瘦肉型和杂交型个体,成年猪较初生仔猪低,皮下、腹膜和内脏脂肪组织中TGH表达量依次递增;其变化规律与HSL相同。此外,对分离培养的原代前体脂肪细胞通过诱导分化和油红O染色区分分化状态,分析TGHmRNA表达的时序变化,发现TGH在前脂肪细胞中不转录表达,诱导分化后开始表达,且在诱导分化第4天表达量最高,分化第10天表达量下降,达到峰值的时间较HSL早。结果表明,TGH的表达与个体肥胖程度、年龄、脂肪组织部位以及脂肪细胞分化程度相关,同时,在脂肪细胞分化过程中,TGH表达峰值早于HSL,提示TGH在脂肪细胞发育过程中可能较早承担基础脂解作用。     

小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程相关基因表达规律的研究

为了探究小尾寒羊脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的变化规律,试验采集2月龄小尾寒羊腹股沟白色脂肪组织,通过酶消化法体外分离小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞。培养前体脂肪细胞布满细胞板后,分别用诱导Ⅰ液、诱导Ⅱ液对细胞进行诱导分化,使其成为成熟的脂肪细胞。利用油红O染色法验证成熟脂肪细胞并检测脂滴含量。分别在增殖期细胞增殖70%、90%及分化期诱导Ⅰ液处理48 h、诱导Ⅱ液处理48 h、完全培养液处理48 h时（2、4、6、8、10 d）提取细胞总RNA,反转录成cDNA。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测PPARγ、C/EBPα、LPL、SREBP1、KLF5、KLF6、FABP4、STAT5、ACSS2、IGF1、ADD1、FOXO1、ACACA、DGAT1、CPT1A基因的表达规律。结果表明,试验成功分离并诱导前体脂肪细胞变为成熟的脂肪细胞,细胞内部具有明显脂滴;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,上述基因在细胞分化阶段具有明显波动,峰值出现的时间均不相同;C/EBPα、FOXO1基因表达峰值出现在第6天,可能在细胞分化早期发挥作用;PPARγ、LPL、SREBP1、KLF5、KLF6、FABP4、STAT5、ADD1、ACSS2基因表达峰值出现在第8天,但表达倍数与趋势均不相同;ACACA基因表达量出现上下波动;IGF1、DGAT1基因表达峰值出现在第10天;CPT1A基因表达量则一直下降;FABP4基因表达倍数显著高于其他基因。本研究全面检测了小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞在分化过程中关键基因的表达规律,可为探究小尾寒羊脂肪分化过程分子机制、挖掘参与脂肪分化新的关键基因、提高小尾寒羊肌间脂肪含量等研究提供一定的理论参考。     

Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: the influence of extracellular matrix on intramuscular and extramuscular adipogenesis

The extracellular matrix (ECM) and specific ECM components can have a major influence on cell growth, development, and phenotype. The influence of the ECM and ECM components on adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro will be reviewed in this paper. Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm substratum and laminin per se markedly increased attachment, spreading, and hypertrophy of preadipocytes in serum-free primary cultures of porcine adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. Furthermore, primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells showed that preadipocytes express ECM components after preadipocyte recruitment. Staining for plant lectins, type IV collagen, and laminin in fetal pig adipose tissue demonstrates that adipocyte reactivity for laminin was strong throughout fetal development and was similar for developing adipocytes and vasculature. However, lectin binding and type IV collagen reactivity of blood vessels preceded that for adipocytes. Therefore, these studies indicated that the ECM and in particular laminin may play a critical role in morphological aspects of preadipocyte development. Specific inhibitors and modulators of collagen synthesis have been used to evaluate the role of collagens in the differentiation of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes (BIP) and other preadipocyte cell lines. Triglyceride accretion of BIP cells was inhibited by a general inhibitor of collagen biosynthesis, whereas specific inhibitors or modulators of type IV collagen inhibited 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Further study revealed that compared with collagens types I to IV, type V and VI collagens have an important and active role in BIP adipogenesis. The growth of intramuscular bovine adipose tissue may be dependent on collagen newly synthesized and organized by the adipocytes per se. The role of extracellular or ECM proteolysis in regulating adipogenesis also will be reviewed in this paper. Many members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are expressed by adipocytes, and specific inhibition of MMP-9 greatly reduces adipogenesis in vitro. Possibly, MMP and other proteases regulate turnover of key adipocyte ECM proteins that are involved in the regulation of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.     

猪SGK家族基因的生物信息学分析及其在猪脂肪组织和细胞中的表达

【目的】 扩增猪血清和糖皮质激素诱导型激酶（SGK）家族基因并进行生物信息学分析,探索其在猪脂肪组织和细胞中的表达模式。【方法】 以藏猪脂肪细胞cDNA为模板PCR扩增SGK家族基因,通过在线工具预测其编码蛋白的理化性质及亚细胞定位;用Mega X软件构建系统进化树;采集30日龄巴马猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏、背肌、腿肌、颈部脂肪、背部脂肪、腹股沟脂肪、肾周脂肪等组织及7日龄和4月龄猪腹股沟脂肪组织,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测SGK家族基因在猪不同部位组织中的表达;采集30日龄巴马猪腹股沟脂肪组织并分离基质血管成分（SVF）细胞,诱导SVF细胞向白色脂肪细胞分化,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测SGK家族基因及脂肪分化标记基因CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARγ）在脂肪细胞中的表达。【结果】 SGK1、SGK2和SGK3基因CDS区序列长度分别为1 296、1 104和1 473 bp,分别编码431、367和490个氨基酸;SGK1和SGK2定位于细胞质,SGK3定位于细胞核,三者均为亲水性蛋白,3个蛋白均含有相同基序,保守性高;系统进化树结果表明,猪与牛的亲缘关系最近;SGK1和SGK3基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、多种肌肉及脂肪组织广泛表达,SGK2基因在颈部、背部、腹股沟、肾周脂肪组织中均有较高表达;SGK1和SGK2基因在7日龄猪脂肪组织中表达量极显著高于4月龄猪脂肪组织（P<0.01）,SGK3基因在4月龄和7日龄的猪脂肪组织中表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）,且SGK3基因的表达量低于SGK1和SGK2基因;与未分化脂肪细胞相比,在分化后的脂肪细胞中SGK1和SGK2基因的表达量极显著上调（P<0.01）,且SGK1基因的表达量远高于SGK2基因,而SGK3基因的表达量无显著变化（P>0.05）。【结论】 SGK家族蛋白具有保守结构域,可能发挥着相似的功能,SGK1和SGK2可能参与调控猪脂肪细胞的分化过程,结果可为探究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制提供一定的理论基础。     

藏绵羊KLF7基因表达特征分析及其过表达对前脂肪细胞增殖分化的影响

【目的】分析藏绵羊Krüppel样因子7(Krüppel-like factor 7,KLF7)基因表达特征,研究过表达该基因对前脂肪细胞增殖及分化的影响。【方法】从藏绵羊脂肪组织中分离前脂肪细胞进行培养及成脂诱导,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测KLF7基因在藏绵羊7个组织(大脑、皮下脂肪、肾脏、背最长肌、瘤胃、睾丸和回肠)和前脂肪细胞不同分化阶段(第0、2、4和8天)的mRNA相对表达水平;应用RT-PCR方法从藏绵羊脂肪组织中扩增KLF7基因CDS区序列,并将其连接到pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达载体获得pcDNA3.1-KLF7过表达质粒,转染前脂肪细胞;应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测脂肪细胞增殖及分化标志基因mRNA表达水平;采用EdU和CCK-8方法分别检测过表达KLF7基因对EdU阳性细胞数和细胞活力的影响;采用油红O染色检测过表达KLF7基因后脂肪细胞脂滴生成量。【结果】KLF7基因在藏绵羊7个组织中均有表达,其中在大脑中的表达量最高,其次为皮下脂肪和肾脏,均显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);诱导分化第2、4和8天脂肪细胞mRNA表达量均显著高于分化前(P＜0.05),且分化第2天表达量最高;pcDNA3.1-KLF7过表达质粒转染前脂肪细胞2 d后显著或极显著抑制增殖标志基因CDK4、CyclinB1和CyclinD1的表达水平(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),极显著降低细胞活力及EdU阳性细胞数量(P＜0.01);pcDNA3.1-KLF7过表达质粒转染前脂肪细胞,诱导分化8 d后,脂肪细胞分化标志基因PPARγ、Glut4和ELOVL6的mRNA相对表达水平显著或极显著下调(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),且脂质沉积极显著减少(P＜0.01),表明过表达KLF7基因可抑制藏绵羊前脂肪细胞增殖及分化。【结论】KLF7基因在藏绵羊多个组织中广泛表达,且大脑、皮下脂肪、肾脏中表达量较高;诱导分化后脂肪细胞表达量显著高于分化前,且分化第2天表达量最高;过表达KLF7基因可抑制藏绵羊前脂肪细胞的增殖及分化。试验结果为阐明藏绵羊脂肪沉积的分子调控机制提供了基础数据。     

过表达circNMT1促进水牛脂肪细胞的成脂分化

旨在鉴定非编码RNA circNMT1,明确其组织和细胞的表达模式,以及探究过表达circNMT1对脂肪细胞分化的影响。本试验以30月龄中国沼泽水牛(信阳水牛,n=3)的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、背最长肌、背部皮下脂肪组织和前体脂肪细胞以及3T3-L1细胞为试验材料。通过半定量PCR和实时荧光定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)技术对circNMT1进行鉴定、细胞定位并明确其时空表达模式。进一步分别将其过表达到3T3-L1和水牛前体脂肪细胞中,利用形态学方法及定量方法检测过表达后脂滴累积情况,同时采用qRT-PCR检测脂肪标志基因相对表达水平的变化。结果表明,circNMT1是真实存在且稳定表达的circRNA,在水牛前体脂肪细胞的细胞核和细胞质中均表达,且在脂肪组织和成熟的脂肪细胞中高表达(P<0.001)。功能获得性试验表明,在3T3-L1细胞和水牛脂肪细胞,circNMT1显著促进脂肪细胞的脂滴积累,并且显著提高成脂标志基因PPARG、C/EBPα和FABP4的相对表达水平(P<0.01)。circNMT1可能是水牛脂肪细胞分化的正调控因子,这为circNMT1在水牛脂肪细胞中的调节作用提供了新见解。     

DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展

脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程,受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式,可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达,进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果,脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明,转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxi-some proliferator activiated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族(CCAAT enchancer binding proteinfamily,CEBPs)在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现,DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程,但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制,概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用,重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响,旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。     

ADCY2基因表达对延边黄牛脂肪前体细胞成脂分化的影响

本试验旨在研究环腺苷酸（3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphote,cAMP）环化酶合成酶2（adenylyl cyclase 2,ADCY2）基因对延边黄牛脂肪前体细胞成脂分化的影响。选取3日龄的延边黄牛腹股沟皮下脂肪组织进行脂肪前体细胞的分离、培养和诱导分化;设计ADCY2基因的干扰片段（siADCY2-1、2、3）,构建pEX4过表达载体;分别收集正常诱导（对照组）、干扰和过表达0、5和10 d的脂肪细胞。用实时荧光定量PCR检测过氧化物酶体增殖激活物受体（PPARγ）、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白（C/EBPα）和ADCY2在细胞分化过程中mRNA的转录水平,并用Western blotting法检测其蛋白的表达;用油红O染色检测脂滴含量的变化;用甘油三酯试剂盒检测甘油三酯含量。试验结果表明,在成脂分化过程中,与未分化相比,ADCY2基因在分化的第5和10天表达量均极显著上升（P<0.01）,而分化第10天与第5天相比水平极显著下降（P<0.01）;siADCY2-1干扰效率最高,过表达ADCY2基因使其mRNA水平升高;与对照组相比,过表达组细胞内ADCY2基因mRNA水平提高了约4 000 000倍,脂肪细胞内脂滴含量和甘油三酯的含量极显著提高（P<0.01）,成脂关键基因C/EBPα和PPARγ表达极显著上调（P<0.01）,而RNA干扰组细胞内ADCY2基因mRNA水平极显著降低（P<0.01）,脂肪细胞内脂滴含量和甘油三酯的含量极显著下降,成脂关键基因C/EBPα和PPARγ表达极显著下调（P<0.01）。因此,ADCY2基因过表达能显著增加成熟脂肪细胞的脂滴含量及甘油三酯含量,促进成脂关键基因C/EBPα和PPARγ的表达,说明ADCY2基因对脂肪细胞分化具有正向调控作用。     

Effects of fatty acid transport protein 1 on proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes

Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) plays an important role in the fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. However, its role in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of pFATP1 on porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of pFATP1 in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes significantly promoted the proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes, and also significantly upregulated the expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthetase and perilipin 1. Moreover, overexpression of pFATP1 in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes significantly increased fat accumulation and downregulated β‐catenin protein expression. Overall, our results indicated that pFATP1 played an important role in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation, and it might promote adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes by repressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.     

NR1H3基因调控猪前体脂肪细胞分化的研究

旨在探讨NR1H3基因在猪脂肪组织中的发育性表达规律及对猪前体脂肪细胞成脂分化的影响,以确定其在脂肪沉积过程中的主要功能。本研究采用qRT-PCR方法检测30、90、240日龄马身猪皮下脂肪组织中NR1H3的发育性表达规律;采集5日龄杜长大仔猪背部脂肪组织,分离猪前体脂肪细胞;通过细胞免疫荧光技术检测细胞中Adiponectin含量以鉴定细胞的纯度;构建猪NR1H3基因的过表达载体,设计NR1H3 siRNA序列,分别转染分离得到的猪前体脂肪细胞,采用qRT-PCR、Western blot和油红O染色等方法检测过表达和干扰效率及它们对成脂分化关键基因表达的影响。结果表明,马身猪皮下脂肪组织中NR1H3的表达量随日龄增加呈上升趋势,30日龄时表达量最低,240日龄时表达量最高,差异极显著(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,猪前体脂肪细胞中过表达NR1H3,脂肪细胞的脂滴数明显增多,下游靶标SREBP-1c和ChREBP的表达量极显著提高(P<0.01),且成脂关键基因FAS、C/EBPβ、PPARγ和FABP4的mRNA表达量极显著提高(P<0.01),促进成脂过程;相反,干扰NR1H3基因,脂滴数明显减少,下游靶标及成脂关键基因的mRNA表达量极显著下调(P<0.01),抑制成脂过程。本研究表明,NR1H3基因是猪前体脂肪细胞成脂分化的正调节剂,通过影响其下游靶标SREBP-1c和ChREBP的表达而影响成脂分化,研究结果对阐明猪脂肪沉积的分子机理、改善肉质品质有重要意义。     

Expression of lipogenic genes during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Triglyceride (TG) metabolism in intramuscular adipocytes is strongly associated with the intramuscular fat deposition. To better understand the mechanisms leading to IMF deposition we compared the expression levels of genes related to preadipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in the intramuscular preadipocytes isolated from the longissimus muscle of Wujin and Landrace pigs. The results showed that the intramuscular preadipocytes could differentiate into mature adipocytes in vitro. Triglyceride content in adipocytes isolated from Wujin pigs was higher than Landrace pigs during the middle and later phases of preadipocyte differentiation. The expression levels of genes related to preadipocyte differentiation such as PPARG and CEBPA showed differential expression between Wujin and Landrace porcine adipocytes during the early stage of differentiation. The expression levels of lipogenic genes such as FASN and SREBF1 were significantly higher in Wujin porcine intramuscular preadipocytes than in Landrace intramuscular preadipocytes at the middle and the later stages of differentiation. This suggests that preadipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis exhibited breed-related scheduling.     

新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞原代培养与诱导分化的研究

为建立新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的体外培养模型,比较新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的差异表达,实验采集 1 日龄新西兰兔背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织,采用胶原酶消化方法,分别从 2 种组织中分离前体脂肪细胞,进行细胞原代培养,绘制细胞生长曲线,并对肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞诱导分化,利用 RT-PCR 检测相关基因的表达变化。结果表明:细胞在分离后 2 h 已经贴壁,24 h 时呈现出短梭形的细胞形态,第 2 天细胞变成长梭形,第 3 天进入对数生长期。肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞在诱导分化后均被油红O 染色,皮下前体脂肪细胞的脂质积累在诱导分化的第 2 天显著高于肌内前体脂肪细胞(P<0.05);荧光定量结果表明,肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞 CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白(C/EBPα)基因的表达趋势在诱导分化过程中相同,肌内前体脂肪细胞过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体(PPARγ)第 4 天的表达量显著高于第 6 天,而皮下前体脂肪细胞 PPARγ表达量差异不显著;肌内前体脂肪细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)表达量在第 0天和第 2天差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05);肌内前体脂肪细胞脂肪酸合酶(FAS)基因第 0、2、4 天的表达量差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2、4 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05)。本研究成功构建了新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞的体外培养和诱导分化模型,并发现皮下前体脂肪细胞分化早于肌内前体脂肪细胞,为进一步研究新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的分化机制和脂肪沉积奠定基础。     

Characterization of key genes of the renin–angiotensin system in mature feline adipocytes and during in vitro adipogenesis

Obesity is a growing health problem in humans as well as companion animals. In the development and progression of obesity‐associated diseases, the members of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are proposed to be involved. Particularly, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in cats has increased enormously which is often been linked to obesity as well as to RAS. So far, reports about the expression of a local RAS in cat adipocytes are missing. Therefore, we investigated the mRNA expression of various RAS genes as well as the adipocyte marker genes adiponectin, leptin and PPAR‐γ in feline adipocytes using quantitative PCR. To characterize the gene expression during adipogenesis, feline pre‐adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes in a primary cell culture and the expression of RAS key genes measured. All major RAS components were expressed in feline cells, but obvious differences in the expression between pre‐adipocytes and the various differentiation stages were found. Interestingly, the two enzymes ACE and ACE2 showed an opposite expression course. In addition to the in vitro experiments, mature adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Significant differences between both fat depots were found for ACE as well as AT1 receptor with greater expression in subcutaneous than in visceral adipocytes. Visceral adipocytes had significantly higher adiponectin and PPAR‐γ mRNA level compared to the subcutaneous fat cells. Concerning the nutritional status, a significant lower expression of ACE2 was measured in subcutaneous adipocytes of overweight cats. In summary, the results show the existence of a potentially functional local RAS in feline adipose tissue which is differentially regulated during adipogenesis and dependent on the fat tissue depot and nutritional status. These findings are relevant for understanding the development of obesity‐associated diseases in cats such as diabetes mellitus.     

牦牛不同部位前体脂肪细胞分离鉴定及分化关键基因表达研究

旨在建立牦牛皮下和肌内前体脂肪细胞的体外研究模型,并检测两部位前体脂肪细胞分化过程中关键基因表达量差异,为研究牦牛不同部位脂肪沉积的分子机制提供试验材料和理论依据.本研究通过采取5头18～22月龄健康麦洼公牦牛的皮下脂肪组织和背最长肌组织,利用胶原酶消化,分离皮下和肌内前体脂肪细胞,随后根据细胞来源将细胞分为肌内组和皮...     

过表达MAT2A基因促进猪肌内脂肪细胞分化的研究

本研究通过构建腺病毒介导的体外超表达载体，探究腺苷甲硫氨酸转移酶2A（methionine adenosyltransferase 2A，MAT2A）基因在猪肌内脂肪细胞分化中的作用。根据GenBank中猪MAT2A基因mRNA序列（登录号：NM_001167650.1）设计引物，提取猪脂肪组织细胞总RNA并反转录获得cDNA，以此为模板进行PCR扩增并连接到pAdTrack-CMV腺病毒穿梭载体中，对重组质粒pAd-MAT2A进行测序鉴定；pAd-MAT2A载体经PacⅠ限制酶酶切线性化，经质粒大片段回收纯化后转染293A细胞进行病毒包装；采用实时荧光定量PCR检测MAT2A基因表达情况，并提取蛋白进行Western blotting分析，取分化第8天的细胞进行油红O染色。结果表明，穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV-MAT2A构建成功，并能与骨架载体pAdEasy-1实现同源重组；腺病毒载体pAd-MAT2A转染293A细胞后，病毒滴度达到1E+6 PFU/mL，可满足侵染猪肌内脂肪细胞的需要。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting结果显示，MAT2A基因mRNA和蛋白水平均显著上调。油红O染色结果显示，过表达MAT2A基因可促进猪肌内脂肪细胞内脂滴聚积。结果表明，腺病毒介导的MAT2A基因过表达在猪肌内脂肪细胞中呈上调趋势，MAT2A基因可促进脂质积累。     

猪CRTC3基因表达的品种差异及forskolin对其表达的影响

本试验旨在探究糖脂代谢通路关键基因CRTC3在不同品种猪肌肉和脂肪组织中的表达情况,并通过forskolin处理猪皮下脂肪前体细胞,研究forskolin对脂肪前体细胞分化聚酯和CRTC3基因表达的影响,阐明猪CRTC3基因表达与脂肪沉积的关系。试验选取杜长大猪和莱芜猪各5头,检测肌肉、脂肪组织中CRTC3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及脂肪代谢相关基因的mRNA表达水平;选取2头3日龄的杜长大仔猪,分离猪皮下脂肪前体细胞,待完全融合后用MDI诱导培养基诱导4 d,然后用分化培养基继续诱导4 d,完成诱导分化。Forskolin组在诱导分化的第1天即加入forskolin,使其终浓度为10μmol/L,对照组则加入同浓度的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)进行诱导分化。结果表明:在莱芜猪的背最长肌和腰大肌中,CRTC3的蛋白表达水平高于杜长大猪;在莱芜猪的皮下和内脏脂肪组织中,CRTC3及脂肪沉积相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ(PPARγ)、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(C/EBPα)、围脂滴蛋白(PLIN)和瘦素(LEP)的mRNA表达水平显著或极显著高于杜长大猪(P<0.05或P<0.01),而脂肪棕色化相关基因NF-E2相关因子1(NRF1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α(PGC⁃1α)、PRDM16、解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)、解偶联蛋白3(UCP3)的mRNA表达水平则显著或极显著低于杜长大猪(P<0.05或P<0.01)。进一步的研究发现,猪皮下脂肪前体细胞分化后CRTC3和脂肪沉积相关基因的mRNA表达水平极显著提高(P<0.01),脂肪棕色化相关基因的mRNA表达水平也均极显著升高(P<0.01)。10μmol/L forsko⁃lin处理能抑制猪皮下脂肪前体细胞分化,极显著升高环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)和脂肪棕色化相关基因的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),促进CRTC3的进核,极显著降低CRTC3和脂肪沉积相关基因的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)。上述研究结果表明,CRTC3基因与猪脂肪沉积密切相关,forskolin处理可以调控猪CRTC3及脂质代谢相关基因表达,调控猪皮下脂肪前体细胞分化聚酯。