油茬田免耕直播稻适宜播期和播量的研究

2002～2003年在湖南省石门县开展了油茬田免耕直播稻的适宜播期和播种量的研究,探讨了3个播种期和3个播种量对两优培九的生育期、株高、总叶片数、出叶速度、茎蘖动态、产量和产量构成因素的影响.试验结果表明,两优培九作一季中稻免耕直播栽培,以5月中旬播种,播种量22.5 kg/hm2较适宜.     

不同类型水稻免耕抛秧技术及其应用效果

水稻免耕抛秧栽培是一种新型栽培技术 ,于２０世纪４０年代提出 ,７０年代我国的部分地区已大面积推广应用。根据前茬作物的不同水稻免耕抛秧栽培又可细分为油菜茬、空闲田和花草田免耕抛秧栽培。从产量表现、劳力投入、效益结果来看 ,水稻免耕栽培表现较强优势 ,是水稻软盘抛秧轻型栽培的再深入 ,是水稻耕作上的再变革 ,节本增效 ,推广价值大、前景广。２０００年以来 ,安徽省广德县植保站开展了油菜茬、空闲田、花草田的免耕抛秧和直播大田试验示范 ,现将试验总绍如下。一、不同类型免耕抛秧技术的关键步骤处理免耕的关键在于除草 ,如处理…     

水稻的直播与免耕直播栽培研究进展

综述了国内外水稻直播、免耕和免耕直播栽培技术的发展概况．免耕稻田土壤的物理化学特性及生物特征．免耕直播稻栽培的技术特点和对水稻生长发育及产量的影响．以及适合于我国水稻免耕直播栽培的模式：即冬水田水稻免耕直播、油菜等冬作物田水稻免耕直播、双季稻快速清茬免耕直播的技术特点。免耕直播稻与翻耕移栽稻具有同样的产量潜力．省工节本增效的效益显著。是我国水稻低成本高效益栽培的主要途径之一。     

麦后免耕直播稻生育特性及高产栽培技术

麦后免耕直播稻是低茬收麦,麦草入墒,将处理过的稻种直接播在畦面上的一种稻作方式。它实现了麦草全量还田、免耕栽培,不仅省工节本、降低劳动强度,而且保护环境、培肥地力,深受农民欢迎,应用前景广阔。介绍了麦后免耕直播稻的产量效益和生育特性,并根据当地生产实际,进行了该种稻作方式的高产栽培技术研究。     

初期保护性耕作和秸秆还田对土壤物理特性及大豆玉米产量的影响

在黑龙江垦区852农场研究了初期保护性耕作和秸秆还田对土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤容重和机械阻力等土壤物理特性及对玉米、大豆产量的影响,为中长期保护性耕作和秸秆还田的应用提供理论依据.试验于2009年进行,轮作顺序为大豆-玉米-玉米;大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)和玉米试验圃(前茬为玉米)处理为免耕、灭茬还田、旋耕还田和传统耕作;玉米试验圃(前茬为大豆)处理包括免耕、直播还田、旋耕还田和传统耕作.结果表明:大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)免耕和灭茬还田处理生育前期的土壤温度分别比传统耕作低3.38℃和2.6℃,玉米圃(前茬为大豆)免耕和直播处理同期的土壤温度分别比传统耕作低1.93℃和1.39℃;春季播种期大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)免耕和灭茬还田处理的土壤体积含水量分别高于传统耕作9.3 %和4.8%,玉米试验圃(前作为大豆)免耕和直播还田处理的土壤体积含水量分别高于传统耕作16.0 %和12.6 %;此外,免耕模式的5～20 cm深度的土壤容重和0～25 cm的土壤机械阻力均显著高于传统耕作模式,但是均未达到对作物根系生长产生抑制的阀值;免耕和灭茬/直播还田模式前期的耕层低温并未对产量构成不利影响,与传统耕作相比并未显著减产.     

不同耕作方式对超级杂交稻两优培九产量形成和养分吸收的影响

为了探明免耕对杂交水稻产量的影响．在前3年定位试验的基础上,于2006-2007年在长沙以两优培九为材料进行了翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽和免耕直播4种耕作方式的田间比较试验。结果表明在直播条件下,免耕稻与翻耕稻氮素的吸收量相似,而磷素和钾素吸收量分别比翻耕稻高11．52％和10．44％;在移栽条件下,免耕稻氮素和磷素的吸收量分别比翻耕稻高13．52％和0．67％,但钾素的吸收量比翻耕稻低12．36％。无论在移栽或在直播条件下．免耕稻与翻耕稻产量差异不显著．但无论在翻耕或在免耕条件下．直播稻产量略高于移栽稻,2006年和2007年试验结果一致。     

两优培九稀直播强化栽培技术示范表现

简述了稀直播强化栽培技术及其在湖南安乡县两优培九"百亩片"示范效果.结果表明:两优培九采用稀直播强化栽培的群体结构合理,穗粒协调,结实率较高,产量高,平均产量9.45 t/hm2,高产丘块10.7 t/hm2;每公顷纯收入6 693元,成本收益率达96.79%.该技术具有轻型实用、经济效益高、高产稳产的特点,基本解决了水稻直播技术的出苗、除草、倒伏3大难题,适应中国水稻轻型化栽培的发展方向.     

湖南省水稻免耕直播栽培研究推广

免耕直播栽培技术是免耕技术与直播技术的进一步发展。水稻免耕直播模式主要有前作板田油菜免耕直播一季晚稻和冬泡田、冬闲板田、板田绿肥田免耕直播早、晚稻。以免耕为基础，经过试验示范，目前正在探索适宜不同’地区的免耕直播、免耕稻田养鱼、免耕稻田养     

免耕栽培对超级杂交稻两优培九根系特性的影响

为了探明免耕对杂交水稻根系特性的影响．在前3年定位试验的基础上,于2007年在长沙以两优培九为材料,进行了翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽和免耕直播4种耕作方式的田间比较试验。在水稻直播条件下。分蘖中期免耕稻的根冠比和单株根干重均高于翻耕稻,增幅分别为23．42％0和3．33％,幼穗分化期增幅为30．01％和18．75％;在水稻移栽条件下,免耕稻分蘖中期的根冠比和单株根干重均高于翻耕稻．增幅分别为10．24％和10．57％,幼穗分化期增幅分别为22．67％和4．35％。无论直播或移栽．各个时期免耕稻的根系活力和根长均高于翻耕稻,免耕和直播能一定程度地提高水稻根系的活力。     

播期、种植密度及施氮水平对稻茬免耕直播油菜产量的影响

以中油杂8号为材料,在稻茬免耕直播的条件下,研究了不同播期、不同密度以及不同施氮水平对油菜产量的影响.结果表明：稻茬免耕直播油菜在大通湖区的适宜播种期为10月10～15日,密度为每公顷30万～45万株,施氮水平为纯氮180kg/hm^2.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。