辣椒病毒病发生规律及综合防治技术

辣椒为焉耆垦区重要的经济作物,生产规模大,种植效益好。二十一团近年来种植辣椒面积大,重茬较多,各种病虫害潜在风险已逐渐突显,尤其是辣椒病毒病的发生较重,损失较大。为此,二十一团农技推广站开展了辣椒病毒病发生规律、综合防治技术等方面的研究,以期为有效防治辣椒病毒病提供技术支持。     

辣椒病毒病的发生和综合防治

<正>辣椒病毒病是辣椒生产的主要病害之一,影响辣椒的产量和品质,在辣椒产地均有不同程度的发生,发病田块一般减产10%³0%,大发生年份严重挫伤菜农的积极性,影响了市场的供应。因此,必须采取无公害技术措施综合防治辣椒病毒病,具体防治技术措施如下:主要症状及发病规律1.花叶型病毒病。其典型症状是病叶叶片呈现浓绿与淡绿色相间的花叶,心叶变小,植株矮化,果实小而僵硬,严重时     

辣椒病毒病发生规律综合防治技术

辣椒为焉耆垦区重要的经济作物,生产规模大,种植效益好.二十一团近年来种植辣椒面积大,重茬较多,各种病虫害潜在风险已逐渐突显,尤其是辣椒病毒病的发生较重,损失较大.     

日光温室辣椒病毒病的发生与综合防治

正辣椒病毒病是近几年温室辣椒栽培中常见病害。该病发生特点是:危害严重,减产幅度大,防治困难,一旦染病全株带毒,极易造成辣椒落叶、落花、落果,发生严重时减产达30%以上,极大影响了种植效益。针对辣椒病毒病的发病规律及为害特点,2013年至2014年经两年经验总结,在栽培中采取预防为主,综合防治的方针,研究出一套综合防治技术措施,使辣椒病毒病发病率明显下降,取得了较好的防治效果。     

北屯地区辣椒病毒病的综合防治措施

通过在试验示范区(一八四团3连)建立辣椒病毒病防治试验基地,调查辣椒病毒病的发生情况,对辣椒病毒病的农业防治和化学防治技术要点进行总结,以期为北屯地区辣椒病毒病的综合防治提供理论依据。     

露地蔬菜病虫害发生特点及综合防治措施

伴随现代农业结构的不断改革和调整,蔬菜的种植面积越来越大,随之而来的是病虫害不断严重。以甘肃省陇南市武都区为例,以调查研究和实践为基础,对露地蔬菜病虫害发生的特点进行了分析,并提出相应的综合防治措施。     

露地番茄病毒病的发生与防治

<正>2013年,开封县降雨稀少,雨量仅是常年的一半,且7～8月份持续干旱伴随持续高温,番茄病毒病发生较重。据观察,全县露地番茄常见的病毒病有三种,即花叶型、蕨叶型和条斑型。受其危害,番茄一般减产10%～30%。1发生规律1.1传染途径一是土壤、种子带毒,为初侵染源。二是田间农事操作传毒。在进行定植、整枝、打杈、绑蔓、除草、采摘等工作时,通过摩擦将有病植株上     

制种玉米发芽率低的原因及预防措施

发芽率是玉米种子质量检验的4项重要指标之一，也是种子公司大量调人前非常关心的内容之一。发芽率高表示有生活力的种子多，播种后出苗数多。农四师65团近年来种植玉米制种面积较大，但是由于发芽率低，造成种子等级低，种子价格就低，给玉米制种户造成了一定的经济损失。     

Difference between USA and French isolates of tobacco etch virus and pepper mottle virus displayed by doubled haploid line analysis

Summary Doubled haploid peppers resistant in France to specific strains of tobacco etch virus (TEV) and pepper mottle virus (PeMV) were indexed for resistance to USA strains of TEV and PeMV. The doubled haploids were inoculated when four to six true leaves had developed. The peppers were indexed after an incubation period, and a disease index was calculated. Plants without viral symptoms were reinoculated. Plants challenged to TEV were inoculated four times. Doubled haploids, TEV-resistant in France, were susceptible to the USA strain by the fourth screening. All doubled haploid lines showed TEV symptoms after the fourth inoculation. Two doubled haploids lines, no. 4 and no. 8, had about 6% resistance to TEV after the fourth inoculation. Doubled haploid line no. 5 was 100% resistant to PeMV. The results confirm that the USA PeMV and the USA TEV isolates are different pathotypes than the French ones used originally to screen the doubled haploids. In addition, the use of doubled haploids to identify pathotypes of PeMV and TEV is demonstrated.     

Inheritance of resistance to potato virus Y in garden pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Summary Bell pepper suffers considerable losses from a strain of potato virus Y (PVY^o-sbp). Crosses were attempted between two resistant lines Perennial and S41-1 and two highly susceptible bell pepper commercial cultivars California Wonder and Yolo Wonder. Studies of F₁'s, F₂'s, back crosses and F₃'s indicated that Perennial and S41-1 carry a recessive gene imparting resistance to potato virus Y.     

Genetic analysis and identification of QTLs for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

A pepper (Capsicum annuum) inbred line ‘BJ0747-1-3-1-1’ was found to exhibit resistance to a cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) local isolate (CMV-HB). In order to exploit the genetic mechanism of CMV resistance in this pepper line, inheritance and genetic linkages of CMV resistance were studied. The CMV-resistant ‘BJ0747-1-3-1-1’ (P₁) was crossed to the susceptible line ‘XJ0630-2-1-2-1-1’ (P₂), and the F₂ and back-cross populations (B₁ and B₂) were generated for segregation analysis following a mixed inheritance model. Analysis of the segregation data revealed that CMV resistance in ‘BJ0747-1-3-1-1’ is controlled by two partially additive-dominant major genes and additive-dominant polygenes. Analysis of the results from two growth seasons also identified two stable and major QTLs for CMV resistance that collectively explained 55 % of the trait variation. One of the two major QTLs was found on linkage group 8 (LG8) between markers TS52 and HpmsE1-43, and accounted for 37.7–43.5 % of the variation in the two inoculation experiments. The other QTL on LG4 between markers UBC843 and S74 was found to be responsible for 10.7–11.2 % of the trait variation. QTLs with minor effects on CMV resistance were also identified. This work provides an example for genetic analysis and QTL mapping of other disease-resistance genes in pepper and the findings should be useful for molecular marker-assisted breeding programs that aim at developing disease-resistant cultivars in peppers.     

Diallel analysis of sweetpotatoes for resistance to sweetpotato virus disease

Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is due to the dual infection and synergistic interaction of Sweetpotato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt crinivirus(SPCSV), and causes up to 98% yield loss in sweetpotato in East Africa. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to SPVD in sweetpotato and to estimate the nature of genetic variance. Ten parental clones varying in reaction to SPVD were crossed in a half diallel mating design to generate 45 full-sib families. The families were graft-inoculated with SPCSV and SPFMV to induce SPVD and evaluated for resistance in a randomized complete block design at two sites in Namulonge, Uganda during 1998–2000. In serological assays for SPFMV and SPCSV,resistance to symptom development and recovery from initial systemic SPVD symptoms, characterised resistant genotypes. Genetic component analysis showed significant effects for both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for resistance to SPVD. GCA to SCA variance component ratios were large (0.51–0.87), hence GCA effects were more important than SCA effects. Resistant parents exhibited high GCA indicating that additive gene effects were predominant in the inheritance of resistance to SPVD and recovery. Narrow-sense heritability (31–41%) and broad-sense heritability (73–98%) were moderate to high, indicating that rapid genetic gains for SPVD resistance could be accomplished by mass selection breeding techniques. Two genotypes, New Kawogo and Sowola, had high negative GCA effects and had several families in specific crosses,which exhibited rapid recovery from SPVD,and are promising parents for enhancement of SPVD resistance and recovery. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Recurrent selection for resistance to Verticillium dahliae in pepper

Summary Two cycles of recurrent selection were performed in a population including 7 small fruited varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum) with low resistance level to Verticillium and resistance to other soilborne pathogens. The collaboration of 7 plant breeders in this work and the use of 2 artificial methods of inoculation allowed screening of numerous plants for resistance to V. dahliae under different conditions. The population was simultaneously improved for resistance to V. dahliae and for resistance to Phytophthora capsici, and at each cycle, intercrosses were performed between all these plants. The general level of resistance to V. dahliae increased continuously during the 2 cycles of seles of selection. Selfed progenies of plants from the 2 cycles displayed a higher resistance than the original parents, whatever the method of inoculation used. This gave evidence of transgressions for resistance. Crosses involving parents that did not seem resistant by themselves also produced transgressive lines, indicating that resistance genes were present but not active in these varieties. The transgressive lines with polygenic resistance to V. dahliae were included into a further breeding program to introduce genes of agronomic value.     

蕉岭地区福寿螺分布与防治措施调查研究

为了获得广东蕉岭县福寿螺分布和危害情况基础数据,为推广具有环境友好生态功能的植物源杀螺剂油茶粕提供依据,于2015年6月至2016年4月以问卷调查、访问农技部门调查和野外现场调查的方式搜集福寿螺危害和防治措施数据。结果发现蕉岭地区各镇福寿螺危害严重,单位面积可捡福寿螺的数量均在20只/m2以上,可捡福寿螺至少为767.05 kg/hm2,最多可达1227.28 kg/hm2;水稻分蘖前期大中螺的比例几乎均超过50%,各镇投入防治福寿螺的经济成本仅占福寿螺造成损失的5%左右;有67.09%的农户使用农药灭螺。在水稻分蘖前期推广应用植物源杀螺剂油茶粕与肥料混施具有较高的经济价值和生态价值。     

辣椒人工杂交制种的关键技术

辣椒人工杂交制种是一项程序复杂、技术性强且耗时费力的工作,加之组合间的差异,生产中常会因产量低、纯度差、种子带病等问题而遭受意外的经济损失,从而具有较大的种子生产风险.那么,如何最大限度地降低这一风险,以达到优质高产的预期目标呢?多年来我们一直大规模地从事制种工作,为国内外市场提供了大量的优质种子,赢得了客户的信赖,创造了可观的经济效益.     

辣椒穴盘育苗技术

四川是我国辣椒的生产大省,常年种植面积在6.7万hm2左右,种植辣椒也已成为四川菜农增收致富的主要途径之一.近年来,随着我国劳动力老龄化趋势的加剧,农村从事农业生产的劳动力越来越少,年龄结构也越来越趋于老龄化,先进的生产技术应用较难,比如辣椒穴盘育苗技术,在农村应用率较低,应用效果较差.而这种现状也催生了一批辣椒育苗大户,专门从事辣椒育苗、供苗工作,来迎合农村劳动力和技术缺乏的难题,为生产提供一定的优质种苗.