有机铬对母猪繁殖性能的效应试验

试验研究了母猪繁殖周期中各个不同生理阶段使用有机铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,生产母猪在整个妊娠期和泌乳期使用有机铬２００微克／千克饲粮,繁殖周期可缩短７天,产活仔数平均增加２头,年产胎次平均增加０．１３胎,窝死亡数平均减少１头,受胎率和分娩率都达到１００％,与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明母猪日粮中添加有机铬２００微克／千克饲粮可以显著地提高母猪的综合繁殖能力。     

有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

18世纪 ,科学家最早发现铬的时候，一直认为铬是有毒元素，其后的研究才发现铬可能是动物必需的微量元素。铬对动物糖代谢、脂类代谢及蛋白质代谢等方面的研究已有不少的报道，铬的抗应激、增强免疫、改善猪的胴体品质和提高动物生产性能的功效也逐步被研究者所证实。目前关于有机铬的研究热点在繁殖猪群，繁殖效益是养猪生产中确定经济效益的主要因素，而合理的营养组成是实现母猪最大繁殖效益不可分割的重要部分；有机铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响，研究结果也不完全一致，在实际应用过程中，各猪场和饲料厂对有机铬的有效添加量和使用周期缺乏足够的认识，本试验旨在通过有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能影响的研究，为生产应用提供科学的依据。     

蛋氨酸铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选用144头体重相近、胎次相近的二元杂交母猪为试验动物,随机分为3个处理组。对照组为基础日粮组,试验组分别添加200μg/kg和400μg/kg的蛋氨酸铬,研究蛋氨酸铬对繁殖母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,母猪饲喂蛋氨酸铬在下一胎可提高窝产仔数1.3～1.4头(P=0.01)。此外,母猪饲喂蛋氨酸铬可以有效降低母猪哺乳期体重损失、有提高断奶仔猪窝重的趋势。因此,蛋氨酸铬是一种改善母猪繁殖性能的有效铬源。     

微量元素铬和铜对母猪繁殖性能的影响

综述了影响母猪繁殖性能的微量元素铬和铜的生物学功能、研究进展、使用的剂量及合理的使用时间等,为养猪业生产提供参考。     

引进母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的对比试验

在11个月的试验期内,对加系长白和英系大约克两品种间进行四种选配方式的纯繁和杂交,结果为长白(♂)×约克(♀)的杂交选配方式最优。用长白做父本的组合方式在纯繁和杂交中的繁殖性能及指标都高于约克做父本的组合方式。     

提高母猪繁殖性能的饲养试验

从后备阶段起,10头母猪饲粮不含木茹粉和酒糟,喂给生青料,按标准饲养,繁殖成绩头两产均正常,无流产、死胎;对照一组2头母猪饲粮含10％木茹粉,对照二组2头母猪饲粮含10％酒糟,对照三组2头母猪饲粮不含本茹粉和酒糟,亦不给青料和多维,结果对照组6头母猪初产不正常,流产1头,产死胎9头,断奶仔数少、窝重低。     

提高东山母猪繁殖性能的一种方法

如何发挥母猪的生产潜力,提高仔猪的育成率,以获得较高的经济效益,是养猪业长期关切的问题。本人自１９９６年４月初开始,专门就母猪哺乳期配种对提高母猪繁殖性能的效果作了历时二年多的试验研究,现将结果报告如下。１材料与方法１．１试验母猪从兴坪镇科学养母猪示...     

铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制

铬是动物机体所必需的微量元素之一。研究发现,铬能够通过调节胰岛素来改善糖类和脂类代谢、提高动物的免疫力和抗应激能力,进而对母猪的生长性能和繁殖性能产生影响。本文综述了铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制,为铬在母猪上的合理应用提供参考。     

几种维生素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

维生素是保证母猪生理功能、组织完整性、生长、繁殖和健康所必需的,维生素A与β-胡萝卜素、维生素E、叶酸、生物素以及其它维生素能显著的影响母猪繁殖功能、免疫功能和仔猪的成活率等。     

Folic acid and reproductive performances of sows

Two-hundred nine sows were used in a 2 X 2 split-plot unbalanced design to measure the effect of folic acid against control, and flushing against a normal level of feeding, between weaning and mating on the following variables: serum folates at weaning and at 60 d of gestation, blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) after 15 wk of gestation and reproductive performance at farrowing. Folic acid was administered im according to a schedule that maintained serum folates at approximately the same level between weaning and 60 d of gestation. The treatments had no effect on Hb or Ht after 15 wk of gestation. Average live litter size was 12.0 piglets/litter for sows receiving the folic acid and flushing treatments as compared with 10.5 for sows without any treatment; the main effect of folic acid was significant (P less than or equal to .04). Intralitter variation in birth weight and total litter weight tended to be increased by folic acid administration. Results showed that the administration of folic acid during gestation could appreciably improve the reproductive performance of sows.     

有机铬对畜禽肉品质影响的研究

<正>随着人们生活水平的提高和畜禽产品的丰富,畜禽肉质的问题日益引起人们的关注。现在消费者不仅需要瘦肉多,也希望肉品质优良。在畜禽生产实践中,人们常试图在饲粮中添加某些饲料添加剂来改善肉品质。微量元素铬(chromium)是人和动物的一种必需     

An assessment of reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows

We investigated the reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows. We examined 20 605 parity records of 4419 pigs for 2008 to 2012 on a farrow‐to‐finish commercial farm. The mean parity (± SD) of all animals was 3.0 ± 2.1. For farrowing performance, the highest numbers of total pigs born and pigs born alive were found in sows with parities 5 and 6 and with parity 3–6, respectively (P < 0.05). Regarding weaning and mating performance, sows with parity 2 had the lowest preweaning mortality (P < 0.05). The longest weaning‐to‐first‐mating interval was found in parity 1 pigs, and the interval decreased as parity increased (P < 0.05). Parities 0 and 1 pigs had the lowest farrowing rate and those with parity 4 had the highest farrowing rate (P < 0.05). The mean parity at culling, total number of pigs born alive in a lifetime, and nonproductive days in a lifetime were 5.5 ± 2.93, 49.2 ± 24.72 pigs, and 132.1 ± 83.34 days, respectively. These animals had a lower litter size and fertility that the F₁ crossbred sows mainly used in Japan, but a similar tendency for performance by parity.     

生大豆对两品种母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生产性能的影响

将18头妊娠的长白与松辽黑母猪随机分成3组(每组6头,3头长白母猪,3头松辽黑母猪),按日粮组成分为RS组(生大豆)、SBM(豆粕组)、CGM(玉米蛋白粉组)。测定母猪的繁殖性能和仔猪的生产性能,3组母猪的窝平均产仔数、仔猪初生重、20d窝重、断奶成活率间的差异不显著(P>0.05),饲喂3种饲粮的母猪所产的仔猪,其生产性能间的差异也不显著(P>0.05),因此,生大豆可以作为妊娠母猪的唯一或主要蛋白源。     

日粮纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通常 ,为保证最佳的经济性状和健康水平 ,对繁殖母猪要限制饲养以保持其体况在整个繁殖周期中相对恒定 (Dourmad等 ,1 994、1 996)。而限饲所提供的饲料水平仅占随意采食量的 0 40～ 0 60(Pettigrew和Blackshaw ,1 989;Brouns等 ,1 995 ) ,显然不能满足其采食需要 ,从而导致群饲时的攻击性和争食现象 (Appleby和Lawrence ,1 987;Terlouw等 ,1 991 ;Edwards,1 992 ;Terlouw和Lawrence ,1 993;Spooler,1 995 )。妊娠期限饲会降低仔猪初生重和成活率 ,母猪分娩和断奶时体脂沉积过少还会延迟断奶后的发情 ,并降低受孕率 ,导致母猪繁殖性…     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能及其抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能、血液理化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选用体重接近、胎次接近、预产期一致的健康“长×白”二元杂母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,3个处理组分别在基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁、甘氨酸亚铁、复合有机铁。结果显示:较硫酸亚铁组,复合有机铁组产程缩短23.57%、胎产健仔数增加14.00%、初生窝重增加14.14%(P < 0.05);母猪血红蛋白含量、红细胞数和红细胞压积分别提高19.88%、10.53%、8.33%(P < 0.05);母猪抗氧化酶活性和机体抗氧化能力提高47.33%(P < 0.05),丙二醛含量降低37.05%(P < 0.05)。综上所述,母猪日粮中额外补充复合有机铁源能提高母猪繁殖性能,改善血液理化指标,增强母猪抗氧化能力。     

Effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance of sows during the first two parities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance during the first two parities. Gilts were randomly allocated to receive three fibrous diets from days 1-90 of gestation, including low fibre [low fiber (LF), 10.8% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), n=132], middle fibre [middle fiber (MF), 15.8% NDF, n=132] and high fibre diet (HF, 20.8% NDF, n=135), until completion of the second parity. Response criteria included backfat measurements, litter size and pig weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation, weaning-oestrus-interval, oestrus rate, sow farrowing and culling rate, uniformity of newborns and relative organ weights. The results showed sows fed LF diet in parity 1 gained more backfat (p<0.05) during gestation but lost more (p<0.05) during lactation than sows fed HF diet. Furthermore, sows fed LF diet farrowed more pigs (+0.7-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and pigs born alive (+1.0 pigs, p<0.05) relative to sows fed HF diet. Likewise, sows fed LF and MF diets had greater litter weights at parturition (both p=0.06) and day 22 after lactation (both p<0.05). In parity 2, yet, it was MF diet to increase both total pigs born and pigs born alive (+0.9-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and litter weight (p=0.05) relative to other diets. After 22 d of lactation, intriguingly, sows fed HF diet had most pigs alive (p<0.01-0.07) and heavier litter weight (p=0.07 or 0.2). Feeding HF diet also increased internal organs weight of newborns (p<0.05). Collectively, feeding LF and MF diets had beneficial effects on litter weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation in parity 1, and feeding MF diet until parity 2 was able to improve litter size and weight at parturition, but this positive effect disappeared after 22 days of lactation, instead feeding HF diet showed the optimal litter performance.     

The effect of postparturient urogenital diseases on the lifetime reproductive performance of sows

To prove the effect of postparturient swine urogenital disease (SUGD) on reproductive performance, culled sows with SUGD in their previous history (n=1363) were subjected to retrospective lifetime production analysis. The sows were assigned to parity groups 1, 2 to 6, and >6. Bacterial flora of vulval discharges were evaluated. Parity 1 sows had a lower percentage of SUGD than did sows of parity 2 to 6 and parity >6 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with parity 2 to 6 sows, parity 1 and parity >6 sows had lower (P < 0.001) conception, farrowing and adjusted farrowing rates, lifetime average total born, live-born litter sizes, stillbirth rates, and weaning litter weights compared with animals culled for other reasons than SUGD. The conclusions are that high parity sows have a higher occurrence of postparturient SUGD and that higher parity sows with postparturient SUGD have a lower performance compared with lower parity sows with postparturient SUGD.     

Urogenital diseases and their effect on reproductive performance in high-parity sows

In a Slowakian indoor pig production unit (2423 sows), from June to December 2002 all culled sows with excessive vulval discharge at culling, and with vulval discharge and periparturient disease in their previous history were subjected to retrospective lifetime production analysis. The sows were assigned to nine groups according to parity (parity 1-9). Average total litter size, average live-born litter size, average stillbirth rate, average mummy rate, and average litter weaning weight were evaluated retrospectively for all births. Non-culled sows represented the control animals. The percentage of animals with periparturient disease and vulval discharge in their history differed between parities. Parity 2, 3, and 4 sows had a significantly lower percentage of vulval discharge and periparturient disease in their history than sows of other parities. Compared to parity 1-6 sows, parity 7-9 sows had significantly lower (P < .001) conception rates, farrowing rates, and adjusted farrowing rates. Compared to parity 1-2 and 7-9 sows, parity 3-6 sows had a significantly larger (P < .001) lifetime average total born and live-born litter size. Compared to parity 1-3 and 7-9 sows, parity 4-6 sows had a significantly lower (P < .001) rate of stillbirths over all parities. No differences in mummy rates were detected between the sows of different parities. Compared to parity 1-2 and 7-9 sows, parity 3-6 sows had significantly higher (P < .001) weaning litter weights over all parities. Sows without a history of vulval discharge and periparturient disease had higher (P < .001) production levels in parity 7-9. IMPLICATIONS: The present results indicate that parity markedly influences the production level of sows that have a history of periparturient disease and vulval discharge.