自发气调（MA）结合高效乙烯去除剂对黑宝石李贮藏效果的研究

以黑宝石李为试材,研究MA（0．03mm厚PVC保鲜袋包装）结合高效乙烯去除剂对0-1℃条件下黑宝石李果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,MA结合高效乙烯去除剂处理的贮藏效果好于单纯MA处理和0．02mm厚PE打孔袋包装处理,贮藏92d时好果率〉90％,果实硬度〉6kg·cm-2,果肉黄绿色,无明显冷害症状,果实失重率〈1．0％,袋内的乙烯浓度〈O．1μL·L-1,O2浓度为9．84％,C02浓度为5．17％,接近黑宝石李标准气调要求的气体指标。     

自发气调包装及乙烯吸收剂对樱桃番茄贮藏品质的影响

在20℃条件下对自发气调包装以及自发气调包装 乙烯吸收剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏保鲜效果进行调查.结果表明,自发气调包装可抑制番茄果实失重,保持较好的外观,同时可减缓樱桃番茄果实可溶性固形物、硬度的下降.乙烯吸收剂可降低包装袋内乙烯浓度,延缓果实衰老.但自发气调及乙烯吸收剂对樱桃番茄总酸和VC含量的保持效果不明显.     

不同气调贮藏方式对大久保桃冷藏后品质的影响

研究了不同气调贮藏方式(变动气调、间歇气调、常规(静态)气调)对大久保桃冷藏及货架期3 d后果实品质变化的影响.结果表明,与冷藏对照相比,适宜的气调处理可明显降低果实冷害的敏感性、延缓果肉组织膜透性和褐变度的上升趋势、减轻出汁率的上升,有效保持了果实硬度、色泽、风味;对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响不大;其中较适宜气体指标是5% O2+ 10% CO2;与常规(静态)气调相比,变动气调贮藏进一步降低了果实的冷敏感性,减轻了在低温条件下果实的冷害症状,贮藏70 d,果肉无褐变,货架期间,仍保持了较好的后熟特性,改善了果实的贮后品质.     

红富士苹果气调贮藏参数的研究

气调对比试验结果表明，气调贮藏可明显抑制富士苹果果肉硬度下降，减少内源乙烯含量，贮期达8个月仍能保持良好的品质；富士苹果贮藏期间的果肉褐变主要同CO2浓度有关，降O2会增加果实对CO2的敏感性；果实衰老也可导致富士苹果的果实褐变；2％CO2＋5％O2是富士苹果长期贮藏的理想气体指标。     

气调贮藏对黄金梨果实品质的影响

比较研究了在0℃条件下不同气体成分对黄金梨果实品质及果心果肉褐变的影响。试验结果表明,CO2浓度的变化较O2浓度的变化影响显著。较高CO2浓度(5%)条件下,虽能保持果实硬度,但使内源乙烯释放量升高、细胞膜透性增大,果心褐变程度加重。适宜的气体成分组合为O2浓度5%左右,CO2浓度<1%,在此条件下黄金梨可贮藏保鲜5～6个月。     

保鲜膜实用技术

气调保鲜是当前国内外先进的农产品实用保鲜技术,包括标准气调(CA)、限制气调或自发气调(MA).CA是利用设备方式使贮藏环境中的O和CO控制在一定指标内,通常浓度波动<1%,并同时使环境中的乙烯、乙醇、乙醛等有害气体脱除.     

园黄梨气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对园黄梨贮藏效果的影响。结果表明，气调贮藏可抑制梨果实呼吸作用，减少果实消耗，保持硬度，并有利于提高果实品质。适宜的气体组合可延缓果实衰老，防止果实褐变且延长贮藏期。5％O2＋0％～1％CO2是长期贮藏园黄梨的理想气体指标。     

苹果双相变动气调贮藏研究

双相变动气调是一项崭新的苹果气调贮藏技术与理论.本文介绍了双相变动气调与传统气调的主要区别,以及在严格对比条件下的试验结果.双相变动气调贮藏红星苹果150天,果实品质与果肉硬度好于冷库,与气调库基本相同,并能明显抑制原果胶水解,乙烯生物合成和MACC累积.     

塑料薄膜和箱式气调对巨峰葡萄贮藏品质和采后生理影响的研究

研究了低温(0±0.5℃)贮藏期间巨峰葡萄在塑料薄膜和箱式自发气调过程中的品质和生理的变化。结果表明,与箱式气调相比,塑料薄膜气调能够形成比较稳定的适宜葡萄贮藏的气体环境(CO2浓度4%左右),可有效地延缓可滴定酸(TA)及抗坏血酸(VC)含量的下降和醇糖比的升高,抑制PG活性及原果胶的分解,较好地保持了葡萄果实的硬度和咀嚼性,提高葡萄的耐贮性,维持采后良好的商品性。其中聚氯乙烯膜(PVC,厚度0.06 mm)的贮藏效果好于聚乙烯膜(PE,厚度0.03 mm);而箱式气调会形成较高浓度的CO2气体环境,引起葡萄高CO2气体伤害,导致果实失水、脱粒、酒化和褐变,不利于葡萄的长期贮藏。     

箱式气调对鲜食莲蓬贮藏品质和生理的影响

为探讨箱式气调保鲜对鲜食莲蓬贮藏品质和生理的影响,以鲜莲蓬为试材,（2±0.5）℃条件下采用气调保鲜箱进行贮藏,测定不同气嘴的气调箱和聚乙烯（PE）保鲜膜（对照）中莲蓬的感官品质指标、相关生理指标及环境气体指标的变化规律。结果表明：2嘴箱式气调处理贮藏21 d可有效控制贮藏期内莲蓬由于失水、褐变及黄化导致的外观商品性下降,并能抑制莲子口感的劣变,较常规PE膜包装保鲜期至少延长1周;2嘴箱式气调处理可抑制贮藏过程中莲子可溶性固形物含量的下降,抑制莲房组织相对电导率和丙二醛含量的增加,减缓莲房组织过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性的增大;2嘴气调箱内气体环境最有利于莲蓬的贮藏,适宜的气体浓度O2为13%~15%,CO2 为5%~5.5%。综上,2嘴箱式气调保鲜更有利于鲜莲蓬的低温贮藏。     

贮藏温度对黑宝石李生理及品质变化的影响

研究了不同贮藏温度对黑宝石李采后生理及品质变化的影响。结果表明．贮藏过程中黑宝石李果肉相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈不断增长的趋势;贮至一个月时,果实硬度和可滴定酸含量下降,可溶性固形物含量升高;（0±0．5）℃和（8±0．5）℃处理果皮、果肉无明显冷害症状,综合品质较好,出库后分别有10天与5天的货架期;（5±1）℃处理果实冷害较严重,果肉有水浸斑,口感有水煮（异酸）味,果实商品性下降。     

黑总统品种李子全产业链物流保鲜技术

黑总统李子是我国近年来发展较快的优质新品种,但在采收到销售过程中,若操作不当,极易发生褐变及品质降低的问题。基于全产业链技术的需求和发展,本文对黑总统李子的流通现状进行调研,总结出黑总统李子从田间优质栽培到销售过程中的全产业链物流保鲜技术要点,旨在为黑总统品种李子的商品化流通提供技术参考。     

Changes in hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity and related bioactive compounds during postharvest storage of yellow and purple plum cultivars

Eight plum cultivars (four dark-purple and four yellow) were harvested at the commercial ripening stage, and changes of fruit quality properties were evaluated during cold storage and subsequent shelf-life, with special emphasis on bioactive compounds (phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids) and antioxidant activity (TAA). From the eight plum cultivars, four showed the typical climacteric ripening pattern (‘Blackamber’, ‘Larry Ann’, ‘Golden Globe’ and ‘Songold’) while four behaved as suppressed-climacteric types (‘Golden Japan’ ‘Angeleno’, Black Diamond’ and ‘TC Sun’), the latter being described for the first time. At harvest, large variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity were found among cultivars in peel and pulp tissues, although phytochemical concentration and antioxidant activity were higher in the peel than in the flesh (2–40-fold depending on the bioactive compound). During storage, increases in total phenolics for all cultivars (peel and pulp), in total anthocyanin content in the peel of the dark-purple plums, and total carotenoids in the peel and pulp of the yellow cultivars were observed. This behaviour of the bioactive compounds was reflected in TAA changes, since hydrophilic-TAA (H-TAA) was correlated with both phenolics and anthocyanins, while lipophilic-TAA (L-TAA) was correlated with carotenoids. L-TAA comprised about 30–50% of the TAA in plum tissues. Carotenoids and phenolics (and among them the anthocyanins) could be the main lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds contributing to L-TAA and H-TAA, respectively. No significant loss of bioactive compounds and TAA occurred during prolonged plum storage. Moreover, for a better evaluation of the antioxidant potential of plums, the contribution to carotenoids should not be overlooked.     

Effects of exogenous putrescine on improving shelf life of four plum cultivars

Four plum cultivars (‘Golden Japan’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Black Star’ and ‘Santa Rosa’) were treated with 1 mM putrescine, and then stored at 20 °C. Storage duration was different for each cultivar, but the effect of putrescine in terms of increased shelf life, delayed ripening process, and higher quality attributes when compared with controls was significant for all cultivars. In addition, putrescine-treated plums showed delay and/or reduction on ethylene production, the intensity of reduction being dependent on the maximum of ethylene production at the climacteric peak. Also, higher fruit and flesh firmness, lower soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity evolution, reduced weight loss and delayed colour changes were found after putrescine treatment during storage. Moreover, higher putrescine and spermidine levels (free forms) were observed in putrescine-treated plums. The results revealed that plum storability could be extended by putrescine treatment due to its effect on delaying the ripening processes.     

Genetic diversity of plums characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

We investigated the genetic diversity of 42 plum varieties by RAPD analysis. Twenty primers discriminated all plum varieties excepting two synonymous pairs: 'Botankyou and ‘Kelsey’, and ‘Chairn’ and ‘Tragedy’. Two North American plums, ‘Beach Plum’ and ‘Glow’, were genetically distinct from the other plums by cluster analysis. Overlaps observed between the ‘European plum group’ and the ‘Japanese plum group’, were perhaps due to intercrossing. We could also discriminate ‘Sordum’ from 'Late Sordum and ‘Bansei Sordum’, although ‘Late Sordum’ and ‘Bansei Sordum’ are thought to be derived from bud mutants of ‘Sordum’. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Transmission of Biochemical Flavor Constituents from Apricot and Plum to their Interspecific Hybrid

Intact fruit from five plum × apricot hybrids, two Japanese plums and seven apricots were sampled for their volatile constituents by headspace analysis to study the transmission of biochemical flavor constituents from apricot and plum to hybrids between them. Volatiles were collected in Tenax traps, eluted with ether, and examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-one compounds from seven chemical classes were identified in the fruit samples. Seven of the identified volatiles were unique to plumcot, and not present in either the plum or apricot parent. Aromatic profiles from plumcot accessions more closely resemble apricot profiles rather than plum.     

Responses of 1-MCP application in plums stored under air and controlled atmospheres

The potential of 1-MCP for controlling ripening in ‘Angeleno’ plum fruit under air and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was explored, and the possibility that 1-MCP can inhibit development of brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa and internal breakdown in ‘Fortune’ and ‘Angeleno’ plums tested. After harvest, fruit were exposed to 300 and 500 nl l⁻¹ (in 2003) and 500 nl l⁻¹ 1-MCP (in 2004) at low temperatures (0–3 °C) for 24 h. After treatment the plums were stored in air at 0 °C and ‘Angeleno’ fruit were also stored in CA storage (1.8% O₂ + 2.5% CO₂). Following storage, fruit were kept at 20 °C. In ‘Angeleno’ fruit, 1-MCP was effective in delaying the loss of firmness and colour changes during holding at 20 °C. 1-MCP reduced brown rot in fruit stored in CA but no significant reduction was found in air storage. Internal breakdown, a major physiological storage disorder in plums, was inhibited by 1-MCP treatment. Furthermore, since 1-MCP applied in air storage showed better results than the control in CA conditions, an application of 1-MCP before air storage could be the best way to reduce the ripening process for short or medium storage periods (40 and 60 days). CA storage plus 1-MCP treatment could be used for long periods (80 days).     

安哥诺李冷藏条件下不同保鲜处理效果的研究

选用八成熟安哥诺李为试材,将果实预冷至0℃后,采用三种保鲜方式进行处理：1 PVC保鲜袋包装,袋内放置高锰酸钾乙烯吸收剂和仲丁胺盐缓释防腐剂;2袋内放置高锰酸钾乙烯吸收剂;3果实置于泡沫箱中,再将泡沫箱装入硅窗保鲜袋内。果实均于（0±0.5）℃的冷库内贮藏100 d,研究不同处理的保鲜效果。结果表明,李果冷藏100 d均未出现腐烂,说明腐烂并不是制约其长期贮藏的主导因素,而严重的果肉褐变和风味下降才是影响安哥诺李长期贮藏的瓶颈;在0℃贮藏70 d之内,三种处理李子的果皮、果肉颜色、风味与入贮前相比虽然有些变化,但并不影响其商品性,能够较好地保持短期贮藏李子的感官品质。总体上,处理1的保鲜效果要优于处理2和处理3,处理3的果实褐变最严重。     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of ‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums

‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums were treated with 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C for 20 h following harvest before 0 °C storage. After 5 days storage for apricots and 10 days for plums and after 30 days storage for both, fruit were moved to 20 °C for ripening. In addition, apricots were stored for 20 days and then treated with 1-MCP concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 nl l⁻¹ at removal and held for ripening. Ethylene production and respiration rate, as well as fruit quality of apricots varied with treatment. Ethylene production was efficiently inhibited by 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-MCP in fruit treated after storage but not in fruit treated before storage. Fruit softening was associated with ethylene production and affected by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner when treated after storage, while 1-MCP did not affect softening in prestorage treated fruit. The color change of fruit was ethylene-independent and not affected by 1-MCP. Internal flesh browning was decreased by 1-MCP regardless of the concentration when treated after storage, while it was enhanced in fruit treated before storage. Decay development in apricots was decreased by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner. Ethylene production and respiration in ‘Royal Zee’ plums was greatly inhibited by 1-MCP during ripening after both short-term (10 day) and long term (30 day) storage. Parameters associated with ripening processes were decreased significantly by 1-MCP, including softening, color change, and loss of titratable acidity. These data demonstrate that 1-MCP has potential to delay ripening of apricots and plums, but the cultivar, maturity of fruit, and time of application must be chosen carefully. It is suggested that 1-MCP is more efficient for extending the shelf life and improving the quality of ‘Canino’ apricots directly marketed or after storage, whereas it might be a potent compound for extending both storage period and shelf life of ‘Royal Zee’ plums.     

不同采收成熟度黑宝石李冷藏期间品质变化的研究

对3种不同采收成熟度黑宝石李果实在冷藏期间的品质变化进行了研究。结果表明,贮藏过程中随着果实成熟度的增加,果实硬度逐渐降低,花青素和可溶性固形物（TSS）含量增加,果肉褐变度和腐烂指数增加;中等成熟度的果实在贮藏期间能保持较高的硬度和TSS含量,贮藏后期腐烂指数较低,风味品质最佳,是适宜贮藏的最佳采收成熟度。