影响奶牛产犊间隔的因素分析

对江苏省徐州市某奶牛场约800头荷斯坦奶牛1998到1999年产犊间隔与产犊季节、产奶量、产犊胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别等基础资料进行统计分析,结果表明产犊季节对产犊间隔有极显著的影响(P＜0.01);奶牛的产奶量对产犊间隔也有极显著的影响(P＜0.01);产犊胎次、犊牛初生重及犊牛性别对产犊间隔无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

影响奶牛产犊间隔的因素分析

对江苏省徐州市某奶牛场约800头荷斯坦奶牛1998到1999年产犊间隔与产犊季节、产奶量、产犊胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别等基础资料进行统计分析,结果表明:产犊季节对产犊间隔有极显著的影响(P<0.01);奶牛的产奶量对产犊间隔也有极显著的影响(P<0.01);产犊胎次、犊牛初生重及犊牛性别对产犊间隔无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

影响奶牛产犊间隔因素的分析

经对徐州市某奶牛场约800头荷斯坦奶牛1998到1999年产犊间隔与产犊季节、产奶量、产犊胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别等基础资料进行分析，结果表明：产犊季节对产犊间隔有极显著的影响（P＜0.01）；奶牛的产奶量对产犊间隔也有极显著的影响（P＜0.01）；产犊胎次、犊牛初生重及犊牛性别对产犊间隔无显著影响（P＞0.05）。     

影响新疆褐牛产奶量主要因素的相关分析

对乌鲁木齐种牛场562头新疆褐牛1997年至2003年奶牛的产犊间隔、产奶量、产犊季节、产犊胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别、体尺等基础资料进行统计分析,分析研究了上述各因素与产奶量之间的关系.为有计划的开展配种工作和提高奶牛的终生产奶量提供科学依据.结果表明:产犊间隔、产犊季节、胎次、体斜长对产奶量有极显著的影响(P＜0.01);犊牛性别、体高、胸围对产奶量无显著影响(P＞0.05).综合分析认为新疆褐牛适宜的产犊间隔为410d,适宜的产犊季节为秋、冬季.     

影响奶牛产犊间隔变化因素的分析

经对苏州市牛奶公司一牧场和无锡市马山牛奶公司约１０００头荷斯坦牛１９９１年到１９９５年产犊间隔与产犊季节、产奶量、胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别的关系分析：产犊季节对产犊间隔有极显著的影响；产奶量对产犊间隔有极显著的影响；犊牛的初生重、性别对产犊间隔无显著影响；胎次对产犊间隔无显著影响，但存在极显著差异。牛群产犊间隔作为衡量繁殖力水平的主要指标之一，受人为管理和自然因素的双重影响，而人为管理因素起主导作用     

影响农区散养奶牛产犊间隔的因素

通过对青海省互助县农户散养奶牛2002-2006年(青海黄牛与荷斯坦牛杂交)的配种记录和产奶量记录的调查研究,发现,不同产犊季节和不同胎次对奶牛产犊间隔的影响不显著(P>0.05);产奶量在4500kg以上奶牛的产犊间隔与产奶量在2500kg以下的奶牛相比差异极显著(P<0.01);与奶量在2500～3499kg相比差异显著(P<0.05);而其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

影响新疆褐牛产奶量的相关因素分析

对1997年至2003年之间,乌鲁木齐种牛场462头新疆褐牛成年母牛的产犊间隔、产犊月份、胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别等基础资料进行统计分析,研究上述因素与产奶量之间的关系.结果表明:产犊间隔、产犊月份、胎次对产奶量有极显著的影响;犊牛性别对产奶量无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响

【目的】为了掌握产犊季节和胎次对奶牛产奶的影响。【方法】以会宁地区一奶牛场的荷斯坦牛为研究对象,选择2011~2013年不同产犊季节及不同胎次产奶量记录完整的健康母牛共200头,主要探讨产犊季节及胎次对产奶量的影响。将所有产奶数据校正到305d产奶量,用Excel进行统计分析,分别做出不同产犊季节和不同胎次305d产奶量的整体分布曲线。对4个季节和5个胎次的产奶量分别采用单因素方差分析和SSR法多重比较,确定不同季节和各胎次的影响效果。【结果】表明,不同产犊季节和不同胎次对荷斯坦牛的305d产奶量的影响均极显著。秋季(9~11月份)产犊的母牛305d产奶量最高,显著或极显著高于其他季节,属高产奶量季节;夏季(6~8月份)产犊的母牛305d产奶量最低,显著或极显著低于其他季节,属低产奶量季节。第2胎产犊的母牛305d产奶量较佳,随着胎次的增加,特别是第3胎及以后产犊的母牛305d产奶量逐渐下降。【结论】产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响,在保证全年牛奶供求基本平衡的前提下,适当调整在高产季节产犊和加强对高胎次奶牛的饲养管理,对提高奶牛群体产奶量具有重要意义。     

线性模型对影响奶牛产奶性能的主要相关因素分析

利用一般线性模型研究各种因素对奶牛产奶性能的影响。牛场、胎次和产犊季节对奶牛产奶量影响差异极显著(P0.01),随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛产奶量增加;夏季产犊的奶牛产奶量最低,冬季产犊的最高;体细胞计数对奶牛产奶量没有显著性影响(P0.05),但随着体细胞数的增加,产奶量下降。牛场、胎次和体细胞计数对乳脂率有极显著的影响(P0.01),第三牛场平均乳脂率为4.38%,显著高于其他三个牛场;随着胎次的增加,乳脂率有下降趋势;随体细胞数增加,乳脂率升高;产犊季节对奶牛乳脂率没有显著影响(P0.05)。牛场、产犊季节和体细胞数对乳蛋白率的影响极显著(P0.01),体细胞数增加,乳蛋白率升高;夏季和秋季产犊的奶牛乳蛋白率较高,春季和冬季较低;胎次对乳蛋白率没有显著影响(P0.05)。表型相关分析表明:SCC与产奶量呈显著负相关(r=-0.158,P0.05),SCS与产奶量相关性接近显著水平(r=-0.140,P=0.055)。SCC/SCS与乳脂率、乳蛋白率呈正相关,但未达到显著性水平(P0.05)。     

影响奶牛产犊间隔的因素分析

对西宁某奶牛场1993—2000年中国荷斯坦奶牛的配种、产犊记录和产奶量记录进行了统计分析，结果表明：胎次和产犊季节对奶牛产犊间隔没有显著影响(P＞0．05)；产奶量在6000kg以上奶牛的产犊间隔板显著长于4000kg以下的奶牛(P＜0．01)，显著长于产奶量在4000—4999kg奶牛的产犊间隔(P＜0．05)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.