重迎茬大豆栽培施氮技术试验

由于重迎茬大豆根部易受病虫危害，吸收氮素营养和固氮能力减弱。通过施氮肥试验，研究出一整套重迎茬条件下施氮技术。重迎茬大豆施氮有增产作用，迎茬施氮增产1．9％－9．71％。适宜施氮量54kg/hm^2其中1／2作追肥；重茬大豆施氮增产7．22％－12．6％，适宜施氮量54kg/hm^2，其中1／3作追肥。在大豆出复叶时2次追肥施尿素可增产9．4％－12．5％。出现“黄萎”症状时喷施增产为12．7％－16．8％。建议生产上采用此技术。     

重迎茬大豆应用生物有机肥效果研究

通过在重迎茬大豆生产上应用善耕“生物有机肥，研究该肥料对重迎茬大豆干物质、根部病虫害、根际微生态环境及产量质量的影响。结果表明：重迎茬大豆亩使用25kg生物茵肥，配施6kg二铵、2．5kg尿素、2．5kg硫酸钾，效果最佳，较对照增产6．14％。     

大豆重迎茬减产的原因及农艺对策研究Ⅲ.重迎茬大豆的土壤养分与养分吸收

通过连续8年在黑龙江省6个生态区9个9区固定轮作场圃综合试验，试验区专项研究，框区，盆栽试验，实验室分析，以及大量的大面积生产调查，发现大豆重迎茬种植，根部病虫危害加剧，在影响重迎茬大豆生长发育，产量品质的诸多因素中，所起的作用最大，杀灭土壤中的病菌和害虫，重迎茬大豆的产量不比正茬低。在减缓重迎茬损失的各种调控措施中，以杀灭土壤中病，虫为主要目标的土壤处理剂和种衣剂效果最好。这一切都说明根际土壤病虫害加剧是大豆重迎茬减产的主要原因。     

重迎茬大豆减产的原因及防治措施

东北三省及内蒙古地区是全国大豆种植面积最大的区域。常年种植面积在400万～500万hm2,大豆重迎茬现象十分严重．如黑龙江北部地区大豆重迎茬面积达80％以上。重迎茬大豆减产严重．一般减产10％～20％．严重地块减产30％以上．是妨碍大豆生产发展的重要因素。因此大力推广控制大豆重迎茬减产技术对大豆生产发展具有十分重要的意义。     

黑龙江省大豆重迎茬问题及对策

本文根据两次黑龙江省大豆重迎荐研讨府的１００多位专家，科技人员和行政干部的论文和调查研究结果进行综合分析写成。总结归纳了大豆重迎茬现状，危害和对策。从病虫害和土壤营养两个方面分析了重迎茬大豆的危害从而促进大豆生育三个方面总结了防治重迎茬危害的技术措施。     

大豆重迎茬丰产栽培技术措施的探讨与应用

大豆重迎茬丰产栽培技术措施的探讨与应用张尊贤（中国人民解放军总后嫩江基地生产处·１６１４００）为提高重迎茬大豆产量，我们采取以下技术措施收到了良好效果。一、缓解大豆重迎茬危害的技术措施１．选用抗逆性强、丰产性能好的品种通过小区试验筛选根瘤形成早，根瘤...     

重迎茬大豆施磷技术的研究

试验研究重迎茬条件下大豆施磷的增产效果，在满足施氮基础上，施磷有增产作用，迎茬增产16．6％－62．5％，重茬增产13．3％－49．5％。使用叶面施肥，可以弥补减轻根系吸收和运输功能减弱造成的损失，平均迎茬增产7％，重茬增产10．10％。     

大豆重迎茬对黑龙江省主产区土壤养分的影响

本文从大豆重迎茬对大豆土壤养分的影响角度，全面分析了黑龙江省重迎茬现状及危害，为研究重迎茬对土壤养分影响机理提供了理论基础。     

稀土复合型种衣剂在重迎茬大豆上的施用效果

试验结果表明，重迎茬大豆上施用稀土复合型种衣剂有明显的效果，且产量性状优于对照，重茬二年条件下试验增产14．0％，667m^2纯增产大豆20．6kg，增收60．2元，迎茬条件下试验增产16．4％，667m^2纯增大豆25．6kg，增收75．2元。     

黑龙江省北部高寒地区大豆重迎茬缓解剂筛选的研究

１９９５－１９９６两年在黑龙江省北部高寒地区的黑河农业科学研究所试验地，进行了大豆重迎茬缓解剂的筛选试验。结果表明，一些缓解剂对重迎茬大豆的根腐病或根蛇潜绳有较好的防治效果，大部分缓解剂能促进重迎茬大豆的生长发育，增加干物质积累和根瘤数量，增产幅度在３．６％～１７．４％，其中大豆微复药肥Ⅰ号最好。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.