森林生态旅游对林业经济的促进作用

本文通过对森林生态旅游在林业中的地位和作用的分析 ,得出森林生态旅游是摆脱资源危机和经济围困、促进林业经济发展的有效手段之一。     

Determinants of export marketing strategies of forest products companies in the context of transition — The case of Slovakia

Determinants of export performance have been extensively examined in the literature. Although marketing strategy is considered to be one of the major determinants of export performance, little attention has been paid to the factors affecting export marketing strategies. Direct empirical evidence pertaining to factors influencing export marketing strategies is lacking not only for developed western countries, but also for the transition countries of Europe. As a consequence of the changes that have taken place in these countries over last 17 years, the factors influencing export marketing strategies might significantly differ from the factors observed in the developed western countries. Additionally, this situation as it relates to the forest products industries specifically is still unknown. Incorporating insights from the resource-based view of the firm, market-as-network perspective and institutional theory connected by characteristics of transaction costs theory, the objective of this study was to determine deductively, and to subsequently test, the factors influencing export marketing strategies in the forest products industries in the context of Slovakia. A case study approach employing a qualitative methodology using in-depth personal interviews with individual decision makers from forest products companies was chosen to test the framework. The results suggested that generally the physical and relational resources and domestic formal institutions have the most relevant bearing on export marketing strategies. In addition, company history reveals that the years of the transition process are still having an effect.     

实现辽源林业经济可持续发展战略的思考

根据辽源市林业经济的现实情况，提出了在建设林木良种基地、树种结构调整、加强经营管理，制定优惠政策等方面的建议。     

The effect of entrepreneurial and learning orientations on financial performance in a transition economy: evidence from forest contracting firms in southern Poland

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and learning orientation (LO) in the financial success of forest contracting firms. Both EO and LO have previously been understood to positively affect a firm's financial performance, but extant literature has not considered those links in a transition economy. Partially addressing this gap, we execute this study in a Polish context. Using data obtained through a mail survey of 101 owners of forest contracting firms (34% response rate), we found that both EO and LO have a positive and significant effect on financial performance.     

林业生态保护和建设在生态环保型经济框架中的作用和发展思路

实施可持续发展战略,发展生态环保型效益经济是吉林省人民政府的战略构想。本文从森林的生态、社会和经济三大效益入手,较全面地研究论证了林业生态保护和建设在“生态环保型效益经济”框架中的作用,并对今后如何进行林业的生态保护和建设提出了发展目标、建设重点和战略措施。     

加强林业生态经济研究,实施生态建设富民工程

从理论与实践的角度分析湖南林业发展的基本特点，指出了林业生态经济在湖南林业建设中的重大意义，提出了林业生态经济研究的主要内容及实施生态建设富民工程的建议。     

黑龙江省森工国有林区经济与社会发展的总体思路

本文论述了在新形势下 ,森工国有林区面对良好的机遇和政策 ,经济社会发展的总体思路及应采取的措施。     

贺州市创建国家森林城市初探

创建国家森林城市,将把贺州市生态建设推向一个以建设城市森林为主体,建立完整的城市森林生态体系的新阶段。文章对贺州市创建国家森林城市的理念、空间布局及工程系列作了探讨。       

旅游活动对云蒙山国家森林公园土壤影响的初步研究

该文以云蒙山国家森林公园为研究对象 ,采用抽样调查的方法 ,对森林公园的土壤理化性质进行了监测 ,重点分析了旅游活动对森林公园土壤质地、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量、pH值等性质的影响 ,并运用数学模型对影响程度作出定性分析和定量评价。评价结果表明 ,旅游活动已对云蒙山国家森林公园的土壤造成了一定的负面冲击 ,必须采取有效措施减少旅游活动对公园土壤负面冲击 ,维护公园良好的生态环境 ,以实现公园森林旅游业的可持续发展     

Competitiveness, systems of innovation and the learning economy: the forest sector in Costa Rica

The different sectors of the economy, and the forest sector in particular, must create innovations in order to survive and to be competitive. Scientific knowledge should be introduced and institutionalized into the forest processes, but also knowledge derived from other sources such as user producer relationships and others should be incorporated. A new concept is emerging that considers that the economy should learn not only from the new scientific knowledge but also from the rest of the processes. This concept is National Systems of Innovation (created in 1985 in the Scandinavian countries), however, here the concept is broadened of a Sustainable System of Innovation. This approach of sustainable systems of innovation (SSI), considers that the sources for innovation towards development, particularly sustainable development, are formal organisations (universities, research centres, or so), the productive structure (the economy), the institutional set-up (patterns of behaviour), the economy–ecology relationships (potential and limitations of the ecosystem for production) and the policies of the sector. Each one of these factors interact and feed each other. They cannot be seen independently nor static; on the contrary, they are dynamic and evolutionary, without any doubt including the ecosystem. Then, the process of learning from all these sources, which is the base for SSI, may produce ‘greener’ innovations, greener technologies and greener institutions. Innovations related to forest services from Costa Rica will illustrate these ideas.     

The political economy of timber taxation: The case of Ghana

We analyze the political economy of timber taxation in Ghana. Our results show that politicians maintain control over allocation of timber rights, that taxation constitutes an insignificant share of the value of the timber resource, and that the distribution of timber revenues hardly contributes towards the official forest policy justifications. Our analysis suggests that politicians wield control over rent-seeking opportunities that are exchanged for political support through patron–client networks. This speaks to a larger literature on why governments waste resources and constitutes an argument for increased attention to the political economy underlying natural resource policies.     

论国有林区森林资源管护承包责任制

通过对国有林区森林资源管护经营责任制的意义及内涵、基本理论、发展及创新、现存在的有关问题的论述，指出，建立一个符合国有林区现实社会生产力发展水平的森林资源的经营体制，是实现林业可持续发展的根本保证。     

The influence of regulatory forest policy tools on biodiversity measures for forests in Ukraine

The transition from a state-oriented forest economy to a market-oriented one requires a critical analysis of the set of tools designed to implement state forest policies. One of the important goals of Ukrainian forest policy is conservation of the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. This paper analyzes the influence of two of the regulatory forest policy instruments (zoning and prohibition of final harvesting) on the diversity of woody vegetation using Tobit regression. Data on the forest resources of the Sumy administrative province in Ukraine are used for the analysis. Additionally, we look at how diversity of woody vegetation is affected by the form of forest tenure.     

森林认证对林产品贸易的影响

森林认证在森林经营政策方面扮演了一个重要的补充角色并对林产品贸易起到了极其重要的影响。在短短的10余年间,森林认证已得到许多国家政府和林业部门的关注和认可。森林认证工作在中国刚刚起步,我们应该让更多的人了解森林认证并推动该项工作的发展。本文分析了森林认证对世界林产品贸易的影响,包括认证进出口国的利益、贸易流向、企业竞争、以及人们对认证林产品的需求,论述了森林认证对中国林产品贸易的影响,提出了森林认证对中国森林经营和林产品贸易的影响是机遇与挑战并存。参8。     

泸溪县林下经济发展初探

通过对湖南省泸溪县林下经济发展的调查,总结了泸溪县林下经济发展模式、发展前景和存在的问题,并从扩大宣传、营造氛围,出台政策、促进发展,扶持龙头、典型带动,强化服务、合力推动等方面提出了对策建议,以期为推动泸溪县乃至整个湘西山区林下经济发展提供参考。     

基于森林资源清样调查资料的森林生产力估算模式--以中国油松林为例

准确地评估森林净第一性生产力(NPP)对于评估全球收支有着十分重要的作用。本文充分利用森林资源清样调查资料,并动态地评估森林生产力,以油松林为例建立了反映生物因素(蓄积量V和林龄A)和气候因素(年实际蒸散E)综合影响的中国油松林生物气候生产力(NPPa)模型。基于所建模型和第四次我国油松林资源的清样调查资料(1989-1993年),估算了中国油松林的净第一性生产力,并借助于地理信息系统软件给出了中国油松林的分布格局。结果表明:我国油松林的平均净第一性生产力为7.82thm-2a-1,其变化幅度为3.32~11.87thm-2a-1。中国油松林净第一性生产力有明显的区域差异,表现为南高北低的分布趋势。山西和陕西为中国油松林的集中分布区,生产力水平处于中等,约为7.4thm-2a-1;油松林集中分布区的南部(四川、湖北、河南等省),生产力水平较高,均大于7.7thm-2a-1;而在油松林集中分布区的北部和西部(内蒙古、宁夏等省),生产力水平较低,NPP均低于5thm-2a-1。该研究为利用森林资源清样调查资料评估森林NPP的动态及研究其对气候变化的响应提供一个有效思路。图3表2参46。     

通道县林下经济发展探讨

通道县自然条件优越,森林动植物资源十分丰富,林下经济发展潜力很大。本文通过阐述通道县的自然条件,林下经济资源现状以及存在的问题,对如何增加林业附加值,增加林农收入,维护生态平衡的林下经济发展模式进行了初步探讨。     

塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林类型与特征研究

本研究基于多尺度、多因素植被类型分类法探讨了塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林资源的类型划分,通过典型风景游憩林林分样地调查、季相景观照片的获取、解析与视觉设计,对不同类型风景游憩林林分及景观特征进行了系统分析,得出以下结论和建议:(1)塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林资源丰富、类型多样,可从林分和景观两个尺度进行分类。(2)森林公园不同类型风景游憩林林分,其林相及林内景观特征各异。(3)塞罕坝森林公园处于森林和草原、山丘与高原的交接带,地理位置优势明显,景观类型丰富多样。(4)建议保护天然次生林景观,同时通过栽植乡土阔叶树种,合理营造针阔混交色彩层次丰富的风景游憩林。(5)对于大尺度的森林景观的人工采伐痕迹,应从视域角度予以调整,通过调节视域范围,适当遮挡屏蔽不良景观、展现优美景观。     

A national level forest resource assessment for Burkina Faso - A field based forest inventory in a semiarid environment combining small sample size with large observation plots

Even though considerable parts of the global tropical forests are located in Africa, reliable data on African forest resources is limited. While this is widely recognized for tropical moist forests, it also holds for tropical dry forests. To partially fill the gap a forest inventory was carried out in Burkina Faso, West Africa. In this paper we present a methodological approach and sample based estimates of the tree and forest resources including estimates of (1) land cover classes, (2) species composition, and (3) above ground tree carbon stocks. Following the land classification of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the forest cover of Burkina Faso was estimated as 42.6% (116,847 km²). For the classes “other wooded land”, “other land” and “other land with tree cover” the estimates were 1.6%, 53.6%, and 9.1%, respectively. We found notable differences to the estimates published by FAO, in particular when considering the classes “forest” and “other wooded land” separately, but lesser so when the two classes are combined. That points to a major issue in applying these class definitions in semiarid environments. Given the relatively small sample size (n = 46 field observed plots), relative standard errors (SE%) of area estimates are high (around 9% for the larger area classes). Aboveground tree carbon stocks were estimated to be 6.640, 5.580 and 7.222 Mg ha⁻¹ for “forest”, “other wooded land” and “other land with tree cover”, respectively (SE% around 18% for all three estimates). Availability of biomass models is very limited for all classes, in particular when it comes to shrubs. Furthermore, it was estimated that the most abundant tree species in Burkina Faso is Vittelaria paradoxa, the “shea butter tree” which is a multi-use tree species of high relevance for rural livelihoods.To our knowledge this study is the first field-based forest inventory on national level in Burkina Faso where the estimation of errors was possible on statistical grounds, and done. The results of this study revealed major issues that should be taken into account when doing similar studies, including carbon monitoring and accounting: increasing the sample size will lead to smaller standard errors (at a higher costs, of course), but will not solve the crucial points (1) of non-availability of suitable biomass models, in particular for shrub lands and (2) of implementation issues regarding the definition of land cover types.