Gonadotropin‐induced Puberty Does Not Impair Reproductive Performance of Gilts over Three Parities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of three parities of gilts treated or not treated with gonadotropin to induce puberty. Sixty gilts received 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 2.5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) 72 h later. Fifty‐nine other gilts were exposed only to a mature boar for 15 min twice daily. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 0, 12 and 24 h after the detection of oestrus, and gestation was confirmed by ultrasound after 35 days. Sows were inseminated at the first post‐weaning oestrus. The total numbers of piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn, mummified foetuses, as well as pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated for each of the three parities. Culling rates, farrowing intervals and weaning‐to‐oestrous intervals (WEI) were also analysed. Mean age at puberty and oestrous manifestation were not significantly different between treatments (p = 0.0639; 179.20 ± 17.52 compared with 173.96 ± 16.94, 91.66% compared with 94.92%) across the experimental period. However, females that underwent puberty induction showed modest increases both in the number of total pigs born and in the number of piglets born alive. In conclusion, puberty induction through exogenous gonadotropin administration in field conditions did not induce a more concentrated first oestrous manifestation, but trended to a modest increase in the number of pigs born alive in the first parity and a reduced culling rate during the first gestation.     

不同质量苜蓿草粉对后备母猪生长性能、抗氧化及发情率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同质量苜蓿草粉对后备母猪生长性能、抗氧化及发情率的影响。试验选取120日龄(体重约40 kg)的后备母猪420头,随机分为4组(每组7个重复,每个重复15头猪)。对照组饲喂不含苜蓿草粉的基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加10%低、中、高质量苜蓿草粉(粗蛋白质含量分别为15.1%、18.3%、20.0%;酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为40.3%、34.5%、28.8%;中性洗涤纤维含量分别为50.4%、41.7%、36.2%)的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期100 d。结果表明:1) 120～220日龄阶段,试验组母猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组母猪平均日增重最高;试验组母猪料重比与对照组相比有降低趋势,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。试验Ⅲ组母猪的腹泻率和死亡率显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组母猪血清中甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组母猪血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组母猪血浆必需氨基酸中精氨酸、蛋氨酸、缬氨酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);母猪血浆非必需氨基酸中天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比母猪190～220日龄的发情率显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组母猪血清雌激素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组母猪血清瘦素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组母猪血清孕酮含量与对照组的差异没有达到显著水平(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组母猪血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组母猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合分析得出,在后备母猪饲粮中添加10%中质量(粗蛋白质含量为18.3%)和高质量(粗蛋白质含量为20.0%)苜蓿草粉具有更好的生产效果,添加10%中质量(粗蛋白质含量为18.3%)苜蓿草粉具有更好的经济效益。     

Advanced Onset of Puberty in Gilts of Thrifty Genotype (Iberian Pig)

The Iberian pig is an autochthonous breed of the Mediterranean area, reared extensively in the central and southern areas of Spain and Portugal and that is known worldwide for the production of Iberian ham. The characteristics of the Iberian ham are related to its abundance of intramuscular fat, owing to the high capacity of the pig to accumulate fat under its skin and between the muscular fibres. This ability to store excess fat enables survival during periods of scarcity and it has been found in other antique animal breeds and even in humans, being named as the thrifty genotype. The reproductive management of the Iberian pig, in spite of a lack of accurate information unlike in other swine breeds, is based on the assumption of lower reproductive precocity and efficiency than the modern commercial breeds. The current study characterized and compared the onset of puberty in gilts of Iberian breed and meat commercial crosses (Large White × Landrace) reared in the same conditions by assessing weekly plasma progesterone profiles. At the end of the experimental period, when the gilts became 180 days old, the percentage of Iberian females that had reached puberty was 72.2%, with a mean age and weight of 160.5 ± 2.6 days and 92.9 ± 4.7 kg, respectively. The percentage of Large White × Landrace cross‐breed females reaching puberty at 180 days was only 15% (p < 0.05). The mean age and weight were 165.0 ± 4.1 days and 107.8 ± 2.2 kg (p < 0.05), respectively. Thus, converse to the traditional assumption, onset of puberty was advanced in Iberian gilts. These results are important for the reproductive management of the Iberian pig but, at the same time, may set the basis for future studies on the metabolism–reproduction link and, specifically, on the possible relationship between earlier accumulation of fat and attainment of puberty.     

外源性RFRP-3和MLT对雄鼠初情期生长及繁殖性能的影响

【目的】探究外源性RF-酰胺相关肽3(RF-amide related peptide 3,RFRP-3)和褪黑素(melatonin, MLT)对雄性昆明小鼠初情期生长、繁殖性能的影响及两者之间的关系。【方法】以初情期雄性昆明小鼠为研究对象,单独给予雄鼠生理盐水、外源性RFRP-3或MLT以及混合给予RFRP-3、MLT,检测其对雄鼠平均增重、平均采食量、料重比、睾丸发育情况,血清生长激素(growth hormone, GH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)水平,以及生长、生殖相关基因表达的影响。【结果】外源性RFRP-3能抑制雄鼠GH基因表达,并抑制体重增长,提高料重比;而外源性MLT促进雄鼠GH基因表达,使体重增长较快,料重比降低;RFRP-3和MLT共同处理下,GH基因表达增加,体重增长速度与单独给予MLT组接近。RFRP-3可抑制褪黑素受体1A(melatonin receptor 1A,Mtnr1A)、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞和间质细胞数量减少;MLT可促进Mtnr1A、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,睾丸间质细胞密度极显著增加(...     

不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响。选用90头体况相近、平均体重为(61.97±4.37)kg的长白×大白杂交后备母猪,根据体重相近的原则均衡分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头。3组母猪饲喂3种不同能量结构的等能等氮饲粮,其中组1饲粮含有49.70%淀粉、2.81%粗脂肪(EE)和8.95%中性洗涤纤维(NDF),组2饲粮含有43.52%淀粉、5.68%EE和12.53%NDF,组3饲粮含有37.13%淀粉、8.73%EE和16.02%NDF。预饲5d后开始试验,在猪群第1个个体出现发情后的1个月结束试验,试验期68d。结果表明:随着饲粮淀粉水平的降低和EE、NDF水平的增加,后备母猪背膘厚呈下降趋势,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);初情日龄以组1最小,但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);发情率组1和组2比组3均提高10百分点,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和葡萄糖(GLU)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、瘦素(Leptin)、促黄体素(LH)浓度组1显著高于组3(P<0.05),血清促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)浓度组1显著高于组2和组3(P<0.05)。血清胰岛素(INS)、雌二醇(E2)和促卵泡素(FSH)浓度各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上可知,过多降低后备母猪饲粮淀粉水平并增加EE、NDF水平,会影响血清中代谢激素IGF-Ⅰ、Leptin和生殖激素GnRH、LH的分泌,不利于初情期启动。     

Different Doses of Porcine Luteinizing Hormone in Precocious Puberty Induction in Gilts

The use of hormonal protocols in puberty induction and synchronization of oestrus has lead to an increase in the efficiency of replacement gilts. The aim of this study was to evaluate different doses of porcine LH in precocious puberty induction and oestrus synchronization in a homogeneous group of gilts. Sixty-seven homogeneous prepubertal gilts (Camborough 22) at 137 +/- 4 days of age and 87 +/- 7 kg were treated with three different hormonal protocols: T1--600 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; Novormon) and after a 72-h period 5 mg of LH (Lutropin); T2--600 UI of eCG and a 72-h period 2.5 mg of LH; T3--600 UI of eCG and a 72-h period 1.25 mg of LH. The ovaries were examined at slaughter, on day 6 after the hormonal treatment. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the different LH doses in the percentage of the detected oestrus (T1 = 42.85%; T2 = 60.87%, T3 = 52.18%), oestrus duration (T1 = 41.44 +/- 16.30 h; T2 = 48.57 +/- 16.29 h, T3 = 39.33 +/- 11.42 h), number of corpora lutea (T1 = 9.61 +/- 5.43; T2 = 9.86 +/- 3.32, T3 = 8.13 +/- 5.52) and percentage of animals presenting ovarian cystic degeneration (T1 = 33.33%; T2 = 39.13%, T3 = 39.13%). The T2 (2.5 mg of LH) presented the lowest dispersion (p < 0.05) of the LH-ovulation interval (T1 = 37.17 +/- 4.07 h; T2 = 38.26 +/- 2.84 h; T3 = 36.25 +/- 5.69 h). The LH dose reduction to 2.50 and 1.25 mg presented equal results with the recommended dose of 5.0 mg, and could be used in the precocious induction of oestrus in gilts. The 2.5-mg LH dose showed the lowest dispersion of ovulation and it can be used in fixed-time artificial insemination programmes.     

甘草次酸对青年母猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及生殖激素浓度的影响

本试验旨在研究甘草次酸对青年母猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及生殖激素浓度的影响。选用(124±7)日龄、平均体重为(61.00±3.03)kg的健康长×大二元青年母猪64头,按日龄、体重相近的原则随机分为4个组,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、玉米赤霉烯酮组(基础饲粮+1 mg/kg玉米赤霉烯酮)、甘草次酸组(基础饲粮+400 mg/kg甘草次酸),玉米赤霉烯酮+甘草次酸组(基础饲粮+1 mg/kg玉米赤霉烯酮+400 mg/kg甘草次酸),每组4个重复,每个重复4头母猪。预试期5 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,玉米赤霉烯酮组青年母猪阴户发育异常,阴户长、宽及面积极显著增加(P<0.01)。2)甘草次酸组和玉米赤霉烯酮+甘草次酸组青年母猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著高于对照组和玉米赤霉烯酮组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,玉米赤霉烯酮组青年母猪的粗脂肪消化率显著增加(P<0.05),钙和磷消化率显著降低(P<0.05);甘草次酸组的粗纤维和粗脂肪消化率显著增加(P<0.05),钙和磷消化率极显著增加(P<0.01);玉米赤霉烯酮+甘草次酸组的粗脂肪消化率显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,玉米赤霉烯酮组青年母猪的血清吻素(Kp)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体素(LH)浓度极显著增加(P<0.01),甘草次酸组的血清Kp和E2浓度显著增加(P<0.05),玉米赤霉烯酮+甘草次酸组的血清Kp、E2和LH浓度极显著增加(P<0.01)。5)玉米赤霉烯酮组青年母猪的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于对照组和甘草次酸组(P<0.05);与玉米赤霉烯酮组相比,玉米赤霉烯酮+甘草次酸组的血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中添加甘草次酸可改善青年母猪的生长性能和抗氧化能力,影响生殖激素浓度,具有缓解玉米赤霉烯酮对青年母猪繁殖危害的作用。     

情宝与外源激素对长白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究中药催情药以及外源性生殖激素对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验利用中药催情药情宝以及外源生殖激素氯前列烯醇（PG）和促排卵素三号（LRH-A3）,对某猪场的48头纯种长白母猪进行催情试验。结果表明,情宝＋氯前列烯醇＋LRH-A3的催情效果最佳,其次是情宝＋LRH-A3以及情宝＋氯前列烯醇,而氯前列烯醇＋LRH-A3的效果最小。     

日粮能量水平对五指山猪生长性能、初情期启动及血清激素含量的影响

试验旨在研究不同日粮能量水平对五指山猪生长性能、初情期启动及血清激素含量的影响。选择20头日龄(30±2)d、体重(2.5±0.6)kg、健康的断奶五指山母猪,随机分为2个处理,分别为NRC组(标准组:饲喂基础日粮,按正常的后备母猪饲喂标准量投放饲料)和0.7 NRC组(限饲组:按NRC组70%的投饲量投喂),每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期10周。结果表明,断奶后6~10周时NRC组体重显著高于0.7 NRC组(P<0.05);NRC组平均日增重显著高于0.7 NRC组(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对五指山猪初情期日龄有显著影响(P<0.05),限饲(0.7 NRC)可延缓五指山母猪发情期启动;0.7 NRC组母猪初情期时背膘厚度显著低于NRC组(P<0.05),初情期时0.7 NRC组母猪背膘厚度降低39.7%左右;初情期时,NRC组血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二酮(E₂)和瘦素(Leptin)含量均显著高于0.7 NRC组(P<0.05)。由此可知,提高日粮能量水平有利于母猪初情期的启动和发情表现。     

Effect of Dietary N‐Carbamylglutamate Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilts

The effect of dietary N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation during the entire gestation on reproductive performance of gilts was determined. At the initial day of gestation, forty‐five cross‐bred (Landrace × Large white) gilts were randomly assigned to five groups receiving a basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG until parturition, respectively. At parturition, total litter size, live litter size and rate of stillbirth were not markedly affected by NCG supplementation. However, gilts in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group had more pigs born alive than gilts in control group (+1.11 pigs, p = 0.12), and live litter weight was increased (+12.13–19.17%, p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups relative to control group. And also, average birthweight of piglets born alive was higher (+6.57%, p < 0.05) in 0.05% NCG‐supplemented group than in control group. Furthermore, on days 30, 60, 90 and 110 of gestation, concentrations of arginine and ornithine in plasma were higher (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group, respectively. In addition, the chorioallantois gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), placental growth factor (PLGF) and angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2) was all increased (p < 0.05) in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% NCG‐supplemented groups than in control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg NCG during the entire gestation significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in gilts, which may be associated with the improved concentrations of arginine in plasma and placental angiogenic factors gene expression of gilts.     

Treatment with Gonadotropin Releasing-Hormone in Prepubertal Gilts at Two Different Ages

To study the effect of GnRH in prepubertal gilts, seven crossbred gilts were treated with saline solution and 250 fig GnRH. In connection with saline and GnRH treatments blood was sampled every 15 min for 4 h, thereafter every 30 min for 2 h and every 60 min for 3 h, and finally every 3 h for 6 days. The ovaries were inspected by laparo-scopy just before and 6 days after GnRH treatment. The first GnRH treatment was undertaken when the gilts had a mean age of 141 days and mean body weight of 66 kg. One gilt was in prooestrus at this treatment. In the other 6 gilts the mean LH level was around 0.5 μg/l during a 4 h period after the saline injection. After the GnRH treatment a LH peak was seen with a mean duration of 4 h and a mean maximum level of 9.2 ± 2.07 μg/1. None of the gilts ovulated or showed oestrus within a week after GnRH treatment, which was confirmed by laparoscopy. The seventh gilt which was in prooestrus had high levels of oestradiol-17β (> 40 pmol/1) at GnRH treatment and no LH peak was seen during a 4 h period after treatment.Two gilts which had not shown oestrus at an age of 173 days and a mean body weight of 93 kg were treated a second time with 250 μg GnRH. The LH peak had a duration of 4 h and a mean maximum level of 5.3 ± 3.04 μg/l. Neither of these 2 gilts showed oestrus or ovulated within a week after GnRH injection. It was concluded that a single injection of GnRH results in a LH peak but is not enough to stimulate ovulation or oestrus in prepubertal gilts at a mean age either of 141 or 173 days.Key words: GnRH-treatment, prepubertal gilts, LH, oestradiol-17β     

能量水平及来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情表现的影响

本文旨在研究不同能量水平和来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情表现的影响.选用(147±3)日龄、平均体重(59.0±4.2)kg的长白×大白(LY)杂交母猪54头,随机分成6个处理,每个处理9个重复,每个重复1头猪.采用3×2双因子试验设计,设3个能量水平,中能量水平参照NRC(1998)推荐量,低、高能量水平在此基础上减少和增加12.5%,每个能量水平下设2个能量来源,淀粉组和油脂组.母猪于第2情期的第19天屠宰.结果表明,高能组背膘厚、体脂含量、瘦肉含量和脂肪/瘦肉显著高于低能组(P<0.05),淀粉组与脂肪组间差异不显著(P>0.05);发情率随能量水平增加而提高;各能量水平组间初情日龄差异不显著(P>0.05),而脂肪组初情期日龄比淀粉组提前12 d左右(P<0.05).体成分分析发现,背膘厚,体脂含量与发情率之间存在极显著正相关关系(R2值分别为0.998和0.952,P<0.01),发情母猪背膘厚,体脂含量极显著高于乏情母猪(P<0.01).由以上结果可知,后备母猪饲喂高能量并添加脂肪的日粮有利于促进后备母猪初情期启动及发情表现;后备母猪的背膘厚、体脂含量与发情率密切相关.     

瘦素对动物初情期启动的调控

瘦素是一种主要由脂肪组织分泌的蛋白质激素，瘦素不仅调节体内的能量平衡，而且影响动物的生殖。它传递体内的营养状态和能量储存信号对中枢神经系统，在调控动物初情期启动的时间上占据一定的地位，但瘦素的作用机理目前还不清楚。     

Effect of Repeated Stress Treatments During the Follicular Phase and Early Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance of Gilts

In pig husbandry, stress is being considered an important cause of impaired reproductive performance. Therefore, an experiment was performed to quantify effects of repeated stressors during the follicular phase and/or during early pregnancy on reproductive performance of gilts. Eighty-one cyclic gilts were assigned to one of four treatments, namely, stress treatment during the follicular phase (n = 20), stress treatment during early pregnancy (n = 20), stress treatment during both phases (n = 21) and no stress treatment (n = 20). All gilts were housed individually, but gilts in the stress treatments had no opportunity for visual or physical contact with other gilts. Further, animals in a stress-treatment were grouped for half an hour at the start of the treatment and during the treatment period nose-sling and an unpredictable feeding scheme were applied regularly. The extent of stress was monitored using heart rate measurements, behavioural observations and saliva cortisol levels during nose-sling fixation. Of the 81 gilts, 93% showed oestrus and were inseminated. Of these, 93% were pregnant at day 35, having 17.9 +/- 0.3 ovulations and 15.6 +/- 0.3 foetuses. These parameters were not affected by treatment. The stress treatment during the follicular phase tended to shorten cycle length (stress: 20.8 +/- 0.20; control: 21.2 +/- 0.17 days, p = 0.07) and weight of foetuses at day 35 (stress: 4.47 +/- 0.08 g; no stress: 4.69 +/- 0.08 g, p = 0.06); stress during early pregnancy did not affect any of the reproduction parameters. Percentage stereotypic behaviour, heart rate and saliva cortisol levels varied greatly between animals and between days, but did not differ between the treatments. No relationships were found between any of the reproductive parameters and any of the stress parameters (heart rate, cortisol, stereotypic behaviour). These results indicate that the repeatedly applied acute stressors did not generate a chronic stress-response and that these stressors during the follicular phase and/or during early pregnancy did not affect reproductive processes. It is not clear how these findings relate to suggested effects of stress(ors) on reproductive performance in pig husbandry.     

叶酸对初产母猪繁殖性能和宫内发育迟缓仔猪肾脏功能基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究叶酸对初产母猪繁殖性能和官内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪肾脏DNA甲基转移酶-1(DN-MT-1)、p53基因、Bcl-2、Bax和胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-1)基因表达的影响.选用24头初产母猪,配种后将母猪随机分为对照组(C,1.3 mg/kg叶酸)和试验组(F,30.0 mg/kg叶酸),每组12个重复,每个重复1头母猪,记录母猪分娩24 h内的繁殖性能指标以及21日龄断奶时的仔猪断奶重;采集母猪妊娠60 d时血清,以及正常出生体重(NBW)和IUGR新生仔猪血清和肾脏,用放射免疫分析法测定血清叶酸浓度;用荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法研究DNMT-1、p53基因、Bcl-2、Bax和IGF-1在肾脏中的表达差异.结果表明:母体添加30.0 mg/kg叶酸极显著提高初产母猪和新生仔猪血清叶酸含量(P<0.01),但对初产母猪繁殖性能无显著影响(P>0.05).IUGR+C组DNMT-1表达量显著低于NBW组(P0.05);IUGR组Bax表达量显著高于NBW组(P<0.05);IUGR组IGF-1表达量显著低于NBW组(P<0.05);IUGR组和NBW组的Bax和IGF-1表达量组内差异都不显著(P>0.05).以上结果揭示出:补充叶酸对初产母猪繁殖性能无显著影响,极显著提高初产母猪和新生仔猪血清叶酸含量.通过母体补充叶酸可缓解IUGR对DNMT-1、p53和Bcl-2基因表达的影响.     

种鸡不同产蛋期对后代肉鸡生长性能的影响

分别选用初产种鸡(27周龄)、产蛋高峰期种鸡(39周龄)、产蛋后期种鸡(55周龄)所产种蛋孵出的雏鸡进行饲养试验,以研究种鸡不同产蛋期对后代肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果表明:在1～21日龄,初产种鸡后代肉鸡生长性能低于高峰期和产蛋后期种鸡后代肉鸡;在22～42日龄,初产种鸡后代肉鸡表现出较快的生长速度;全程1～42d,种鸡产蛋期对后代肉鸡的出栏体重影响不显著(P0.05),以初产种鸡后代肉鸡的料肉比最低(P0.05)。     

苏太猪不同胎次繁殖性能的比较分析

本试验对苏太母猪核心群不同胎次的繁殖性能进行比较,并对后备猪的初生重、35日龄断奶重、4月龄重和6月龄重等早期生产性能与后期繁殖性能之间的关系进行分析,旨在进一步了解苏太猪的繁殖性能,为苏太后备母猪的选种提供指导。结果表明,第1胎产仔数最少,成活率最低,第4胎成活率最高,至第3胎达较高水平并一直稳定保持至第6胎,第3胎的繁殖性能可以作为淘汰母猪的重要依据。后备猪35日龄断奶重与4月龄重、6月龄重都呈极显著正相关,4月龄重和6月龄重间也具有极显著正相关关系,苏太后备母猪早期生产性能与后期繁殖性能没有显著相关,选择35日龄断奶重小的母猪留种更加经济。     

不同因素对中华竹鼠繁殖性能的影响

研究了在家养条件下 ,驯化程度、膘满度、神经类型、窝室及环境条件对中华竹鼠繁殖性能的影响 ,提出了提高中华竹鼠繁殖性能的相应措施     

Reproductive Development of Santa Inês Rams During the First Year of Life: Body and Testis Growth,Testosterone Concentrations,Sperm Parameters,Age at Puberty and Seminal Plasma Proteins

We have investigated the reproductive development of the tropically adapted Santa Inês ram, the most common hair sheep in Brazil. From 8 to 48 weeks of age, 16 animals were evaluated for body and testis growth, semen parameters, testosterone concentrations and seminal plasma proteins, using two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. Animals were weaned at 30 days and kept in feedlots thereafter, receiving hay, concentrate (18% of crude protein) and mineral supplement. Body weight increased from 12.3 ± 0.7 to 54.3 ± 1.6 kg between 8 and 48 weeks (p < 0.05), but changes in thoracic perimeter and scrotal circumference were non‐significant after 36 weeks (p > 0.05). The percentage of motile sperm increased slowly until 23 weeks and more rapidly after that age, but significant changes in progressive motility occurred after 25 weeks. Presence of abnormal sperm related inversely to age. Most significant changes in sperm concentration occurred between 38 and 44 weeks (0.38 ± 0.05 to 1.14 ± 0.24 × 10⁹ cells/ml, p < 0.05) and testosterone reached its highest concentrations at 42 weeks, decreasing afterwards. Rams reached puberty at 28.2 ± 0.8 weeks. The number of protein spots on seminal plasma gels was similar from 15 to 18 weeks (45 and 47 spots; p > 0.05), increased until 24 weeks (141 spots) and 28 weeks (170 spots; p < 0.05) and remained without significant (p > 0.05) changes from 28 to 48 weeks (186 ± 10 spots). Furthermore, the intensity of selected spots on 2D maps increased (p < 0.05) between 15 and 28 weeks, which preceded or coincided with the main developmental changes in sperm motility and percentage of defective sperm in the ejaculates. These results will support future studies designed to characterize specific seminal plasma proteins whose expression relate to the development of testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands.