浅谈科尔沁区国有林场小庄园经济建设

随着经济体制改革的深化,科尔沁区国有林场为摆脱当前困境,经过近几年的实践探索,找到了一条适合国有林场现状、振兴国有林场的自立经济建设之路——小庄园经济建设,为国有林场发展开创了新局面。     

Expansion of Eucalypt Farm Forestry and Its Determinants in Arsi Negelle District, South Central Ethiopia

Declining natural forests and growing demands for wood products are encouraging the rapid expansion of eucalypt farm forestry in Ethiopia, and Arsi Negelle district represents areas with recent plantation expansion in the Rift Valley area of Ethiopia. This study assessed trends in eucalypt planting over the last five decades, identified the determinants, and examined perceptions of local stakeholders towards this expansion in the district. Quantitative data were gathered through a household survey and farm level inventory. About 90% of the respondents had planted eucalypts, and 52% of them were engaged in planting since the late 1990s. About 11% converted cropland to eucalypt woodlots, which is also a growing trend in the area. Proximity to Arsi-Forest Enterprise (P?<?0.01) and area of land holding (P?<?0.01) positively and significantly affected both decision to plant and land area allocated to eucalypts plantings. Active labour in the family negatively and significantly (P?<?0.05) affected planting decisions, while education level of the household head positively and significantly (P?<?0.05) affected land area allocated to eucalypts plantings. Despite strong policy discouragement and perceived adverse ecological effects by the farmers themselves, 96% of them and 90% of the district experts support the expansion. Eucalyptus has become the most desired and planted tree genus, and economics not ecology appears to drive its expansion. Unless better alternative sources of cash income and substitutes for energy and construction materials are found, its expansion is likely to continue even at the expense of cropland. It is concluded that research is needed to fine-tune current eucalypt farm forestry practices to reduce the associated ecological externalities, rather than grossly banning eucalypt planting by smallholders.     

Sustainable Forestry - Prospects in India

There are wide gaps in the demand and production of forest based requirements. Available estimates are variable and also suffer from serious methodological drawbacks. Elements of unsustainability are thus qualitatively well understood but not precisely defined in quantitative terms. There is lack of methodology which could project the multiple utility values of forests in a perceptible way. A competition amongst the alternative values of forests, particularly the subsistence needs and economic returns, exists. Shortsightedness in analyzing the possible impacts of recently introduced management systems is likely to accompany more problems than heir anticipated benefits. The need of undertaking long term analysis is logical to ensure sustainability. The data available suggest that productive superiority of exotics like Eucalyptus spp. over the indigenous ones like Shorea robusra and Tectona grandis is apparent only in a short term perspective. In case of fast growing species, the cost of production in terms of the fundamental resources like minerals, needs to be looked into. It is concluded that sustainable forestry though felt to be desirable, may not be achievable exclusively by ways of emphasizing on higher yields and current method of conservation. Reduction in requirements of forest based resources and direct participation of people in the management must be ensured to achieve sustainability.     

柴河林业局莲花林场药用植物分布情况分析

分析确定了柴河林业局莲花林场调查的药用植物种类,并分别类型进行了统计。     

湖北林业血防建设与展望

林业血防发展二十多年来,从科学研究成功引领实施林业工程,成为血防综合治理的重要组成部分,是科技成果支撑林业发展的典范。本文在总结我国血防工作和林业血防发展历程的基础上,全面阐述了林业血防的理念、机理和建设成效,指出了林业血防工程建设中存在的问题,并结合新时期全国血防工作与任务,对今后林业血防的发展提出了建议。     

山东药乡林场引种试验调查研究

通过对山东药乡林场引种的日本落叶松、金钱松与油松的生长状况对比分析,结果表明:日本落叶松、金钱松的胸径、树高均高于油松,说明日本落叶松、金钱松在本区生长发育良好,可以在适宜的立地条件扩大栽培.     

林业产业发展前景广阔——全国林业产业大会暨中国林业产业协会成立大会在杭州召开

全国林业产业大会暨中国林业产业协会成立大会8月20日在浙江杭州召开.中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理回良玉为大会致信.全国政协副主席王忠禹出席大会并发表讲话.     

地理信息系统在林业中的应用、问题及前景(英文)

森林经营决策必须建立在现在和未来森林资源的时空分布信息基础上 ,而跟踪和获得森林资源信息的变化极具挑战性 ,因为森林资源是一个处于持续不断变化的动态生态系统 ,它的不定性和复杂性决定了森林经营需要更有用的和更及时的信息 ,因此时空信息是进行有效森林决策的基石 .现有的传统技术已满足不了大规模的森林规划和经营的需求 .地理信息系统是基于计算机基础之上的分析工具 ,能为森林经理提供复杂的空间信息 ,并建立定量模型 .本文综述了地理信息系统在森林经营方面的应用 ;指出了地理信息系统在林业中的效益、问题和局限 ;分析了地理信息系统在同其它空间技术如遥感、全球定位系统、人工智能建模、决策支持系统等方面的最新进展与发展方向     

彭山林场开拓优化经营举措

旧的落后的管理体制已使彭山林场走入了生存低谷,提出改变彭山林场现状的优化经营措施,增强彭山林场在市场经济中的竞争能力,使林场经济重振雄风。     

林业产业发展前景广阔——全国林业产业大会暨中国林业产业协会成立大会在杭州召开

全国林业产业大会暨中国林业产业协会成立大会8月20日在浙江杭州召开。中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理回良玉为大会致信。全国政协副主席王忠禹出席大会并发表讲话。[第一段]     

阿尔山地区林业产业分析

阿尔山地区是内蒙古大兴安岭林区产业类型比较多的一个地区,特别是第三产业走在全林区的前列,同时也是就业率相对较高,人口外流较少的一个地区,除有地方政府的工作成果的原因外,林业企业内部经济发展也是很重要的一方面,文章从产业结构方面对阿尔山地区经济进行了分析。     

Moroccan Forestry Policies and Local Forestry Management in the High Atlas: A Cross Analysis of Forestry Administration and Local Institutions

This paper examines how local forestry management has evolved in the Aït Bougmez Valley (Central High Atlas, Morocco) in the last three decades and how this evolution has affected forest ecosystem conditions. It focuses on the impact of the forestry administration on ‘traditional forestry management’ since its introduction in 1985, and of recent innovation in forestry policy. The relatively new Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA) framework is applied, rather than a more ‘classical’ new institutional framework. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of both strategic interactions between various actors and ecological consequences of these interactions. An interesting empirical findings is that instead of a quite simple opposition between the forestry administration and local populations, negotiation opportunities exist that are taken by the actors. This leads to specific actor configurations and sometimes unexpected environmental outcomes, even if from a global point of view, forest stands have been seriously depleted over the last 40 years mainly due to exploitation by local population and the absence of economic alternative to forest exploitation. On the other hand, the implementation of a new policy tool in such a context has to be understood as an opportunity for new actors to take part in forest management rules definition.     

太原市晋源区城郊型林业建设构想

通过对太原市晋源区自然、社会、所处地理位置、环境污染、未来经济发展方向等因素的分析,提出该区林业建设类型即城郊型林业的建设思路、目标、内容及措施。     

海口林场油橄榄产业发展前景展望

油橄榄是世界上以自然状态的形式供人类食用的木本植物,一次栽种,百年受益。介绍海口林场油橄榄的发展历史和现状。海口林场发展油橄榄产业有利于林业产业结构调整,推动当地经济发展。文章分析了油橄榄产业发展中存在的问题及采取的措施。从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益3方面对海口林场油橄榄产业发展前景进行了展望。     

库都尔林业局育林林场林冠下营造兴安落叶松浅析

文章通过对人工落叶松在不同郁闭度和地形的林冠下生长情况分析,找出一条适合当地营林造林的方法。     

抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用研究进展与展望

对抗蒸腾剂在林业上的最新应用研究成果进行了综述，介绍了抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用基础研究情况，包括施用抗蒸腾剂后对林木蒸腾速率、光合速率、叶水势、叶绿素含量变化等机体生理生化反应的影响以及对林木干旱胁迫后应答物质含量方面的影响；同时介绍了抗蒸腾剂在提高造林成活率和大树移栽成活率、提高林木抗逆性、提高果实产量、改善果实品质、防治病虫害、以及花卉和果品保鲜等林业生产应用方面上的应用效果；并对未来一段时期抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用研究中需解决的问题进行了阐述。     

新世纪的城市林业：回顾与展望

文中回顾了城市林业的发展历史，阐述了城市林业的基本概念与内涵，提出了城市林业的研究内容，以及新世纪城市林业的发展趋势。     

Evolution and Diversification of Community Forestry Regimes in Babati District, Tanzania

Since the 1980s many tropical countries have promoted community forestry (CF). Gradually, various forms of community forest management regimes were developed in response to decentralization processes in the forest administration or the government administration. The emergence of community forestry regime (CFR) complexes and their evolutionary pathways have still been little explored. In Tanzania, Babati District is a pioneer in the development of CF. This paper assesses how emergence of a CFR complex is related to dynamic institutional interactions at local community level and bureaucratic level. It is demonstrated that evolution and diversity of CF regimes is associated with (a) a partial bureaucratic deconcentration of the government’s administrative authority over forests from national level to district level, and (b) democratic decentralization in the form of a partial devolution of formal management authority over forests from governmental authorities to local communities and individual people. Also, it is shown that endogenous changes in the norms and principles of the traditional systems of indigenous forest management occurred, calling for formulation of policy objectives that help to sustain local management practices.     

我国灌溉林业发展前景初探

对灌溉林业的概念进行了定义,分析了灌溉林业取得的成效,通过对灌溉林业发展前景和存在的主要问题进行探讨与分析,提出了发展灌溉林业的5项相应对策。     

宏升林场药用植物分布情况分析

对柴河林业局宏升林场药用植物的调查结果,从种类、林分类型、立地型、蕴藏量进行了分析。