蔗糖、钙和硼对榆叶梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长的影响

研究了不同浓度蔗糖、钙(CaCl2)和硼(H3BO3)对单瓣榆叶梅(Prunus triloba var. simplex)和重瓣榆叶梅(Prunus triloba var. plena Dipp.)离体条件下花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:5%～10%的蔗糖不利于花粉的萌发和花粉管生长,15%～30%的蔗糖能够提高花粉的萌发率和花粉管生长长度,其中25%的蔗糖为最适浓度,单瓣和重瓣榆叶梅相差不大,二者平均花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为38.72%和489.6 μm.0.01%～0.07%的外源钙可以显著促进榆叶梅花粉的离体萌发和花粉管的生长,0.03%作用最大.0.01%的硼对单瓣榆叶梅,0.01%～0.03%的硼对重瓣榆叶梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长有显著的促进作用,重瓣榆叶梅比单瓣榆叶梅更需要外源硼的补充.     

花山椒花粉生活力研究

研究了温度、硼酸及蔗糖对花山椒(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC)花粉萌发率和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:低温利于花粉活力的保持,低温贮藏的花粉较常温贮藏的花粉生活力、授粉坐果率高;24℃花粉的萌发率较高,花粉管最长,24℃适宜花山椒花粉的萌发生长;0.001%硼酸对花粉的萌发有促进作用;5%~15%蔗糖对花粉的萌发影响不显著;新鲜花粉的生活力及授粉坐果率最高。     

猕猴桃花粉萌发的影响因子

试验以美味猕猴桃4个株系帮增1号、201、35-19N1、35-18N1为材料,测定不同株系花粉的活力和花粉萌发动态,并以蔗糖、硼酸、钙、锰、钼、氯化钠等作为环境因子,看其对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:35-19N1萌发和活力最高,萌发率为51.73%;帮增1号萌发最差,萌发率为36.23%。在培养基中硼酸和蔗糖最适宜浓度分别为:150mg/L、10%;培养基中添加Ca(NO3)25mg/L,或Na6Mo7O2480mg/L、MnSO4100mg/L,能明显提高萌发率。不同株系花粉的发芽势高峰有差异。NaCl对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有抑制作用。     

野杏花粉离体培养条件筛选及花粉生活力研究

以野杏优良家系和无性系为研究对象,采用花粉离体培养的方法,对野杏花粉离体培养条件及其生活力进行研究,以期为野杏杂交育种中父本植株的选择提供参考依据。结果表明:培养基组分中蔗糖浓度、培养时间是影响花粉生活力的主要因素。最适宜野杏花粉离体培养的培养基组分浓度为10%蔗糖,0.005%硼酸,培养6.0h。根据野杏花粉管生长速率,可将其划分为4个生长阶段,其中0.3~1.0h为花粉萌发阶段,1.0~2.5h为快速生长阶段,2.5~6.0h为缓慢生长阶段,6.0h为生长停滞阶段。野杏各家系及无性系均为正常可育,其中家系209号花粉生活力最强,其花粉萌发率及花粉管长度分别为81.33%和1 136.14μm;无性系J118号萌发率最高,花粉管长度最长,分别为63.35%和1 043.78μm。野杏家系花粉萌发率和花粉管长度间无相关性,而无性系呈显著正相关。野杏家系花粉萌发率极显著优于无性系,且有3个家系的花粉生活力均极显著优于西伯利亚杏家系。     

‘兰州大接杏’花粉离体萌发与花粉管生长特性研究

以‘兰州大接杏’花粉为试验材料,采用琼脂离体培养法研究蔗糖、硼酸、植物生长调节剂和温度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,‘兰州大接杏’花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长的最适处理组合为10%蔗糖+0.10%硼酸,最适培养温度为25℃,温度过高或过低都不利于其生长。赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸对花粉萌发和花粉管生长都有低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的作用,最适浓度分别为40、5、0.5 mg/L。     

核桃花粉离体萌发的培养基研究

以6a生云新早实核桃的新鲜花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究了不同的培养基组分以及温度对核桃花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:1)在单因子试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2在一定质量浓度范围内,对核桃花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定质量浓度时则起抑制作用;而氮、镁和钾对核桃花粉萌发不显著。2)在正交试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2对核桃花粉萌发有极显著的影响,核桃花粉最适的培养基为100g/L蔗糖+10mg/LH3BO3+40mg/LCaCl2,花粉的萌发率可以达到45.24%。3)核桃花粉离体培养的最适温度为25℃,培养温度过高或过低都会抑制核桃花粉的萌发和花粉管生长。     

温度对枇杷花粉管生长和胚囊寿命的影响

【目的】阐明温度对枇杷花粉原位萌发、花粉管生长和胚囊寿命的影响,明确枇杷花粉萌发、花粉管生长的最适温度,为枇杷花期管理及生态区划提供新的科学依据。【方法】以‘大五星’为试材,将其离体花枝置于不同温度的恒温箱中进行培养,用‘龙泉5号’进行异花授粉,授粉后不同时间段分别采集花朵,采用荧光显微观察方法观察统计花粉萌发和花粉管生长和胚囊活力情况。【结果】在10.0、15.0和20.0℃的温度条件下花粉萌发率、被花粉管生长穿过的花柱比率和有花粉管的胚珠比率显著高于其他温度,当温度为5.0℃时花粉的萌发率仅为10%,温度升高至25.0、30.0℃时,萌发率又分别显著下降至65%和45%。当温度为5.0、30.0℃时,在授粉后120 h均未发现有花粉管穿过花柱生长至胚珠。【结论】温度对枇杷花粉萌发、花粉管生长和胚囊寿命有显著影响,枇杷花粉萌发的最适温度为19.9℃,花粉管最适宜的生长温度为18.0℃。     

杨桃花粉离体萌发研究

以杨桃品种“香蜜”“夏威夷”新鲜花粉为材料,采用单因素试验方法,比较不同浓度蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙培养条件下杨桃花粉萌发率和花粉管长度.结果 表明,当蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度在一定范围内均可提高花粉萌发率,但超过一定浓度则起到抑制作用;10％蔗糖、0.01％氯化钙、0.01％硼酸时,两个品种的花粉萌发和花粉管生长均较好,萌发...     

‘凯特’杏花粉离体培养条件筛选

以‘凯特’杏为试材,采用不同培养基组分及不同培养基类型的方法,测定了花粉萌发率和花粉管伸长长度,研究了不同培养基组分及不同培养基类型对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的影响。结果表明:固体培养基适合‘凯特’杏离体萌发,最适培养基组分是10%蔗糖+0.10%硼酸+0.5%琼脂;在该培养基上,花粉萌发率达90%以上,花粉管生长长度为13 510.30μm。     

GA_3、2,4-D、B和蔗糖对梨花粉生活力及花粉生长速度的影响(英文)

以5个亚洲梨品种为试材,通过离体培养研究了花穗中花的着生部位,不同浓度的GA3、2,4-D和蔗糖对花粉生活力、花粉管生长速度的影响。结果表明,不同品种的花粉生活力差异明显,黄花花粉萌发快;新世纪花粉生活力强,花粉管生长迅速。花的着生位置及花器官的发育程度对花粉生活力有明显影响,边花的生活力比中心花强。不同浓度的B、2,4-D、GA3对花粉萌发及花粉管生长均有不同程度的影响,高浓度的GA3、2,4-D抑制花粉管的生长,但浓度较高的蔗糖能促进花粉粒的萌发和生长,且两者呈正相关(R2=0.983)。     

蔗糖和PEG对山茶花花粉离体萌发的影响

以山茶花为材料,研究不同浓度的蔗糖和PEG对茶花花粉离体萌发的影响.结果表明:添加适当浓度的蔗糖和PEG有利于山茶花花粉的萌发和花粉管的生长,但是随着浓度的升高对花粉的萌发有一定抑制作用.当蔗糖浓度为20 g/L、PEG浓度为15 g/L时花粉的萌发率最高.     

Breaking the intergeneric crossing barrier in papaya using sucrose treatment

A breeding programme was undertaken using Carica papaya var. Surya and Vasconcellea cauliflora with a view to raise progenies resistant to ‘papaya ringspot virus’ (PRSV). Earlier studies have clearly demonstrated the cross incompatibility between these two genera. Hence, an attempt was made to break this barrier using sucrose. The pollen of V. cauliflora was collected and pollination was carried out by smearing sucrose solution in the concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% on to the stigmatic surface of the flower. At 5% sucrose concentration, maximum viable seed set (13.73) was obtained. Sucrose at 5% was observed to break the intergeneric barrier by enhancing the pollen germination. There was drastic reduction in the effect of sucrose with the decrease in the concentration levels. The pollen germination studies carried out with and without sucrose clearly demonstrated the efficacy of sucrose in enhancing pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The intervarietal hybridization carried out between the varieties Surya and Pusa Dwarf showed 91.7% set of the fruits with 300 viable seeds per fruit. The hybridity of the progenies was confirmed using ISSR primers by the amplification of DNA from progenies and parents. Four primers UBC 807, 810, 814 and 861 clearly amplified male specific bands, which were present in progenies, but absent in female parent.     

Fructose inhibits pear pollen germination on agar medium without loss of viability

Pollen of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) germinated well on agar medium containing 10% sucrose or glucose, but not on agar containing fructose. The inhibitory effect of fructose was dose-dependent. Sucrose enhanced pollen tube growth much more effectively than glucose. Addition of 5% fructose to 5% or 10% sucrose or glucose media suppressed germination completely. Ungerminated pollen, however, showed similar respiration rate and stainability against acetocarmine dye as germinated pollen. When pollen was transferred onto fructose medium after culturing it on glucose or sucrose medium for 1–2 h, germination was completely impeded. Reversely, pollen transferred to sucrose or glucose medium from fructose medium germinated at almost the same ratio as pollen on sucrose or glucose medium without transfer. Thus, pollen inhibition by fructose is reversible. Compared with uncultured pollen, cultured pollen contained less than half amount of total sugars, even if failed in germination on fructose medium. Germinated pollen on sucrose and glucose media contained sucrose and glucose, but ungerminated pollen on fructose medium contained only trace levels of these sugars, suggests that pollen on fructose medium predominantly uses sucrose and glucose as respiration substrates and cannot maintain the constant levels of these sugars. However, as pollen germination occurred on agar medium without any sugar, fructose may impede a physiological factor that triggers germination, and once the trigger is impeded, many physiological pathways including sugar biosynthesis may be blocked.     

大花三色堇和三色堇花粉离体萌发的培养基研究

研究了不同浓度的蔗糖和硼酸对大花三色堇和三色堇花粉离体萌发的影响,及大花三色堇不同自交系间花粉萌发的差异。结果表明:蔗糖对花粉离体萌发有着重要的影响,不同蔗糖浓度下,花粉萌发率有明显差异,蔗糖浓度为30%和35%时,大花三色堇和三色堇花粉离体萌发率分别达到最高;添加适量的硼酸有利于离体花粉的萌发,但不同硼酸浓度下,花粉萌发率差异不大;在同样的蔗糖和硼酸浓度下,不同自交系的大花三色堇的花粉萌发率没有明显差异。     

精胺对梨花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长的影响

为进一步研究活体条件下精胺对梨花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响,以幸水、新雪、长-二十世纪为材料,采用荧光显微镜观测了不同浓度精胺处理的花粉萌发及花粉管生长情况。试验结果表明:较低浓度的精胺能促进花粉萌发,而超过一定浓度时则表现抑制作用,适宜于花粉萌发的精胺浓度是0-0.025mmol/L。精胺对花粉管生长的促进作用因品种而异,0-0.05mmol/L,精胺促进幸水、新雪花粉管生长的作用主要表现在花柱中上部;而到达基部的花粉管仍较少,与对照间差异不显著。在0-0.025mmol/L的适宜浓度下,精胺可促进长-二十世纪花粉管生长并到达花柱基部。不同浓度的精胺对幸水、新雪坐果影响不大;而适宜浓度的精胺可促进长-二十世纪坐果。     

蔗糖和聚乙二醇浓度对金盏花花粉萌发的影响

用离体萌发培养法研究不同浓度蔗糖和聚乙二醇对金盏花花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:蔗糖和聚乙二醇在一定浓度范围内对花粉萌发具有促进作用,但超过一定浓度后则会抑制萌发;当蔗糖浓度为15 g/L,聚乙二醇浓度为16%时,金盏花花粉萌发率最高,达到54%。     

In vitro pollen germination in avocado (Persea americana Mill.): Optimization of the method and effect of temperature

An improved in vitro pollen germination method was developed for avocado (Persea americana Mill.). The effect of different concentrations of sucrose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mg and Ca on pollen germination was evaluated in order to determine the optimal pollen germination medium, i.e. that maximizing the percentage of pollen germination and minimizing the percentage of bursted pollen grains. Once the germination medium was optimized we used it to study the effect of temperature on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in different cultivars from the three botanical varieties of avocado, that differ in their adaptation to environmental conditions. Significant differences in percentage of pollen germination and in pollen tube growth were observed among cultivars. These results could have implications not only for optimizing pollen management in avocado but also to select the best pollinizers for a particular cultivar.     

硼、钙和农药对草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

采用花粉液体培养法研究温度、硼、钙及农药对草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,(1)草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长适宜的温度为25～30℃。(2)外源硼酸为草莓花粉萌发必需物质,适宜质量浓度为0.3g/L,低质量浓度促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,而高于0.3g/L则起抑制作用。(3)外源钙为非必需物质,但适量的外源钙离子有利于花粉萌发,适宜质量浓度为0.3g/L,高钙抑制花粉萌发。(4)在培养液中分别加入常规浓度的7种农药,每处理几乎无花粉萌发,加入1/10常规体积分数的7种农药中,只有一遍净、速克灵、奥美特等3种农药处理有少量花粉萌发,说明农药对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有强烈抑制作用。