固定化微生物技术及其在养殖水体中的应用

介绍了固定化微生物技术的定义,固定化微生物的制备方法,并重点介绍了固定化微生物技术在养殖水体中的应用以及存在的问题和展望。     

复合微生物制剂在对虾养殖中的应用

复合微生物制剂在改善水质，促进对虾的生长发育，促进饵料生物的生长繁殖，提高营养价值，防病治病，增加产量等方面有明显的作用；复合微生物制剂混合在饵粒中使用，可显提高对虾的生长和成活率；在对虾养殖过程中，抓好塘底处理、饵粒处理、水质处理三项措施结合进行，更能充分有效发挥其作用，保持运用复合微生物制剂于对虾养殖的全过程，将对虾塘的生态环境形成一个良性循环，有利于对虾养殖的可持续发展。     

复合微生物制剂对虾塘养殖水体生态因子的控制效应

应用利生素-复合微生物制剂对养殖虾塘水体中各项水质因子的控制，含活菌数为10个，g的菌剂，用量为1kg-0．5kg／hm，经二个月的试验，结果表明：有益微生物对提高虾塘水质DO，调节水中PH值及分解有机物(COD)污染和有毒物质有明显的功效。对照塘DO升高20％以上，COD上升16％，NH-N升高11．3％，NO-N升高828．6％，DIN升高101．3％PON升高485％，总有机氮(TN)升高70．7％：而试验塘COD下降12．9％-21．3％NH-N下降43．3％-75．6％，NO-N下降74．8％-100％，DIN下降70．8-94．8％，PON和TN分别下降75．2％-70．7％：和32．3％-38．3％，说明用复合微生物制剂是目前水质处理中一种较为理想的方法。     

微生物制剂在水产养殖中的应用

随着水产养殖业的迅猛发展,养殖规模越来越大,集约化、高密度人工养殖使得养殖水域污染日趋严重,导致病害频繁发生,不仅给水产养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,而且降低了水产品的质量.     

微生物制剂在欧洲鳗海水土池养殖中的应用

在欧洲鳗海水土池养殖过程中使用微生物制剂——“绿珍QS-2”改良养殖水质,结果表明,后者能优化和稳定养殖水环境,减少病害,提高养殖产量,增加经济效益。养殖试验过程历时310d,试验池比对照池平均每亩增产314kg,产量提高20．4％,每亩增收1434元-1597元。     

微生物制剂在水产养殖中的应用

微生物制剂就是从微生物生活的环境中，通过采样、富集培养、分离等特殊加工，使某一种或几种微生物从与它混杂的微生物群中分离出来，再经过培养而制成单一或复合的有益微生物群体，用不同的载体和加工工艺而制成水剂、粉剂、片剂等品种。它通过高效调节水质、调解水体微生态环境而间接防止水产动物疾病的发生。     

微生物制剂在水产养殖中应用的注意事项

目前,在水产养殖过程中,滥用药物的现象日趋严重,水产品的药物残留超标,严重影响了水产品质量。因此,我们需要利用生态方法调整、改善、保护鱼类生活的环境,控制、消灭病原;利用生物制剂合理调整水体环境,可达到生态环保的目的。     

复合型微生物制剂在水产养殖上的应用

简述了池塘微生物作用机制、复合型微生物制剂作用机制,以及在水产养殖上的应用。     

噬菌体抗体库技术及其在水产养殖的应用前景

近十多年来,随着分子生物学(包括基因工程、蛋白质工程)的飞速发展及人们对生物免疫系统认识的不断深入,抗体技术已从细胞工程抗体(杂交瘤技术)进入了分子重组抗体即基因工程抗体时代.     

The effect of four microbial products on production performance and water quality in integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel and fishes

An 80‐day mesocosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of four commercial microbial products on production performance and water quality in integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii, grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp. Five treatments were tested. One treatment with non‐supplementation of microbial products served as control (C). In the other four treatments, Novozymes Pond Protect (NO), Bio‐Form BZT‐Water Reform (WR), Bacillus natto (BN) and Effective Microbes (EM) were added at the intervals of two weeks, respectively. Mussel yield declined in the tanks with supplementation of the microbial products. No significant differences were found in fish yield and chemical water quality among the treatments except total nitrogen (TN) was higher in tanks EM than in tanks C. Biomass of phytoplankton and Cyanophyta was higher in tanks NO, WR, BN and EM than in tanks C. Supplementation of the microbial products resulted in change in bacterial community in which Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria dominated. Bacterial community in the tanks was significantly affected by TN, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and Cyanophyta biomass. This study reveals that the function of these microbial products as probiotics is limited in H. cumingii farming.     

Application of sediment microbial fuel cell for in situ reclamation of aquaculture pond water quality

Performance of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with external resistance (SMFC-1) as well as short-circuited mode (SMFC-2) was evaluated at different operating temperatures (28–30 °C and 21–25 °C) and in presence and absence of aeration at the cathode. The performance was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal for offering in situ treatment of aquaculture pond water. SMFC-2 demonstrated maximum COD and TKN removal efficiencies both in the absence and presence of aeration near cathode as compared to SMFC-1. With aeration at cathode, the COD and TKN removal efficiencies were 79.4% and 92.6% in SMFC-1 and 84.4% and 95.3% in SMFC-2, respectively. Without aeration and at lower operating temperature, the COD and TKN removals were slightly lower, yet satisfying aquaculture quality norms. SMFCs demonstrated effective in situ remediation of aquaculture water and can drastically save the operating cost of aquaculture.     

循环养殖系统中多级生物处理对水质的调控作用

研究了根据不同生物的功能特性及其间的协同作用,建立的由芦苇湿地、沉水植被群落、人工基质固定化微生物膜、软体底栖动物和滤食性鱼类组成的自净型多级生物修复系统,对养殖塘环境改善情况。结果显示:与实施修复前的系统相比,营养盐NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P的去除率分别达87.46%、62.99%和75.74%;浮游动、植物的生物量分别减少92.83%和15.90%。养殖塘排水营养盐NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P的去除率分别为27%～96%(年均87%)、37%～84%(年均84%)和30%～17%(年均9%),CODMn的去除率为1%～17%(年均9%)。经系统多级处理后水体透明度分别提高了75%和17%,最高值达52 cm。浮游植物生物量平均减少63.93%,尤其是蓝藻,平均减少68.17%。浮游植物群落结构转好,硅藻大量繁殖,成为优势种。浮游动物群落结构也由小型原生动物占优向大型枝角类、轮虫转变。受控于滤食性鱼类,浮游动物生物量维持在较低水平。     

联合使用3种制剂净化特种水产养殖水体

为减少甲鱼疾病发生和污水排放，研究比较聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）、优势复合菌群（EM）和PFS PDMDAAC与PFS PDMDAAC EM各种净化水体方法。结果表明，联合使用20mg/L的PFS、0.5mg/LPDMDAAC和20ml/m^3的EM菌效果最好，絮凝率达92%以上，CODcx去除率达88%-905，BOD5/CODcr由0.61降至0.28，说明可用生物降解法将水体中有害物质去除。水质各项指标均符合特各水产养殖水质标准，水质稳定，池水与排污口水体水质基本一致，达到无污染排放水体的效果。     

水产生物技术研究的回顾、最新进展及前景展望

1简要回顾水产生物技术是20世纪80年代开始发展起来的、以水产生物为主要研究对象,以水产业应用为目的,以基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程、酶工程等现代生物技术为主体的综合性技术体系。水产生物技术是生物技术的重要组成部分,也是当今     

改善养殖水质的模拟实验

1 试验目的 2004-2005年,营口市水产科学研究所承担了辽宁省海洋与渔业厅下达的 《中国对虾深水池塘养殖高产模式的研究》项目.经过两年的实验研究发现,在养殖的中后期,由于剩余的对虾饵料及粪便对养殖池中的海水水质影响很大.为了比较在增氧与不增氧,使用底改剂与不使用底改剂等条件下,养殖水体中溶氧、化学需氧量、氨氮和硫化物含量的变化情况,从中找出改善水质的有效方法,确保养殖生产的顺利进行,以达到稳产、高产的目的,进行了模拟实验.     

两种碳源对草鱼养殖水质、藻类和微生物群落的影响

为研究淀粉及其与乙酸钠的复合物(淀粉乙酸钠质量比为19∶1)两种碳源对草鱼养殖水体水质、藻类和微生物群落调控作用的差异,在为期60 d的试验中,每周向养殖水体添加一次碳源,添加量为当日水体氨氮含量的20倍,监测分析水体理化指标、藻类和微生物群落参数。结果显示:(1)试验期内,淀粉组(GS)和淀粉乙酸钠组(GSA)养殖水体氨氮保持在0.25 mg/L左右,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a均逐步升高,而透明度和碳氮比逐步下降,同次样品两试验组间水体理化指标差异不显著。(2)试验期内,GS组和GSA组藻类数量逐步上升,中后期显著高于前期,同次样品两试验组间藻类数量差异不显著,但GSA组藻类种类数和多样性稍高于GS组。(3)GS组微生物活性、碳源利用能力同比略高于GSA组,且微生物群落多样性在试验末期差异显著。结果表明,淀粉碳源中复合少量乙酸钠可改变藻类和微生物结构功能,可作为池塘养殖水体藻类和微生物群落结构功能定向调控碳源。     

Effects of microbial products and extra carbon on water quality and bacterial community in a fish polyculture system

A 55‐day mesocosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial microbial products (Novozymes Pond Protect and Novozymes Pond Plus) and extra carbon (glucose) on water quality and bacterial community in a fish polyculture system. A 2 × 2 layout, including four treatments (non‐supplementation of the microbial products or glucose, adding glucose, adding the microbial products and adding the microbial products and glucose in combination), was established. The microbial products and glucose were added on the 40th day, 46th day and 52th day. Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate reduced in the tanks after glucose addition, while adding the microbial products did not significantly affect ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Adding the microbial products and glucose affected relative abundance of some bacterial taxa, but did not reshape bacterial community. Non‐positive interactive effect on water quality and bacterial community was detected between the microbial products and glucose. This study reveals that supplementation of the microbial products did not benefit water quality in the fish polyculture system, and glucose addition could reduce ammonia, nitrite and nitrate.     

集聚式池塘内循环流水养殖设施的应用与分析

通过对江苏、浙江、上海等地区现有集聚式池塘内循环流水养殖设施的结构形式、工艺流程及发展状况进行的考察和总结,从设施材料、对土地资源的影响、建设周期、投资及生产应用等多个方面进行了分析和比较,介绍了该养殖设施的应用情况,探讨了其在实际养殖生产过程中存在的利弊。并针对存在的问题,提出需进一步优化设施结构及工艺流程。以期规范和提升工艺技术,促进集约化设施养殖技术模式的健康可持续发展。