湖南地方品种猪肌细胞生成素基因多态性研究

本试验通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测了湖南地方品种猪,即沙子岭猪、桃源猪、宁乡猪和大围子猪共429头肌细胞生成素基因3′端353 bp侧翼序列,M sp I酶切后存在AA、AB和BB三种基因型,AA占有绝对优势,A等位基因频率平均为0.95,其中宁乡猪和沙子岭猪均为AA型。RFLP-M sp I基因型分布χ2检验结果表明,4个地方品种间只有桃源猪与其他3个品种间差异极显著;大围子猪与宁乡猪及其与沙子岭猪间差异显著。     

中外7个猪种肉质性状相关基因c-FOS多态性研究

为探讨肉质性状候选原癌基因(c-FOS)在国内外不同猪种群体间的遗传变异,本研究以大白猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪、宁乡猪、桃源黑猪、沙子岭猪和大围子猪7个猪种为研究对象,以PCR-RFLP方法检测该基因G2910A位点的遗传变异。结果表明,大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪3个外来品种的优势基因型均为BB型,A等位基因是宁乡猪、大围子猪和沙子岭猪3个地方品种的优势等位基因,大围子猪、杜洛克猪和大白猪B是优势等位基因,长白猪全是B等位基因。这与中外不同猪种肉质性状差异较大相一致,本研究为猪肉质性状分子标记辅助选择奠定基础。     

猪GPR40基因的多态性及其对肉质性状的影响

试验以杜洛克猪、大白猪、大围子猪、沙子岭猪、桃源黑猪、五指山猪和杜长大商品猪为试验材料,通过测序和PCR-RFLP的方法对G蛋白偶联受体40基因(GPR40)的多态性进行检测,并分析该基因对猪肉质性状的影响。结果表明,在GPR40基因外显子606位点存在A-G突变,该位点除了大围子猪和杜洛克猪外,其余5个猪种均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;在肉质性状上,GPR40基因606A-G位点贮存损失AA型和GG型差异不显著,而AG型显著低于AA型和GG型;肉色等级与肉质色度,AA型和AG型差异不显著,但都显著高于GG型。推测GPR40基因可能是一个影响猪肉色的分子遗传标记。     

猪CCKAR基因两SNP位点的遗传多态性分析

试验以9个猪品种/品系（5个地方品种：宁乡猪、大围子猪、沙子岭猪、桃源猪、五指山猪;3个外来品种：大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪;1个杜长大杂交品系）共计687头猪为研究对象,通过PCR-RFLP方法分析了CCKAR基因+179A/G Hpy8I酶切位点和+471C/G SatI酶切位点的基因频率和基因型频率,并进行了Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验。在所有猪种群体中,CCKAR基因+179A/G Hpy8 I酶切位点和+471C/G Sat I酶切位点均存在较丰富的遗传多态性。在+179A/G Hpy8 I酶切位点中除宁乡猪中没检测到AA基因型个体外,其他品种中都检测到AA、AG、GG 3种基因型个体的分布;而CCKAR基因+471C/G Sat I酶切位点都检测到了CC、CG、GG基因型个体的分布。     

部分湖南地方猪种的聚类分析

应用多元统计分析法对湖南5个地方猪种的39个性状进行协方差法主成分分析,得到4个主成分因子,第一至第二主成分因子累积贡献率达93.35％,其中第1主成分贡献率达70.13％.第一主成分值以升序观察,5品种依次为沙子岭猪、大围子猪、浦市黑猪、桃源黑猪、宁乡猪.应用最短距离法对5个品种进行聚类,并以0.70距离值截取分类界...     

湖南省重点保护的17个地方畜禽品种

四大猪种:宁乡猪、大围子猪、湘西黑猪、沙子岭猪;两大牛种:湘西黄牛、滨湖水牛;两大羊种:马头山羊、湘东黑山羊;四大鸡种:湘黄鸡、雪峰乌骨鸡、桃源鸡、东安鸡;两大鸭种:攸县麻鸭、临武鸭;三大鹅种:武冈铜鹅、溆浦鹅、道州灰鹅。□ 湖南省重点保护的17个地方畜禽品种     

湖南地方猪精液冷冻技术应用研究

随着我国经济的迅速发展，消费者对肉质的要求与日俱增；同时“卡脖子”的种业难题等让国家对地方猪品种非常重视，湖南地方猪中的宁乡猪、沙子岭猪、湘西铁骨猪和大围子猪均列入地方保护品种范围，并对其进行大量品种改良工作。     

部分湖南地方猪种的肉质分析

选用宁乡猪、铁骨猪、桃源猪、沙子岭猪、大围子猪5个湖南地方猪种,测定其水分、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质等共计34项指标,旨在研究各猪种肉质性状指标的差异。结果表明,5个猪种肌内脂肪、锌、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、必需氨基酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸14项指标达到了显著水平;钙含量达到了极显著水平,而且个别猪种在特定指标上显示出独特的优势。     

长沙大围子猪调查总结报告

湖南盛产粮食,养猪事业亦特别发达。湖南猪的品种非常复杂,类型繁多,但以宁乡猪、湘潭沙子岭猪及长沙大围子猪等品种为最佳,久已闻名,其中尤以大围子猪分布范围最广,数量最多,且极为农民赞许。为了进一步了解大围子猪的品质与性状、中心产区、当地饲养管理与选种选配经验,     

湖南部分地方猪种的骨质分析

选用宁乡猪、铁骨猪、桃源猪、沙子岭猪、大围子猪等5个湖南地方猪种共64头,测定左后肢胫腓骨的骨密度、骨强度和骨矿物质等3类共计5项指标,旨在研究各猪种骨质的差异性。结果表明,猪种间的骨钙含量为19.22%～20.61%、骨磷含量为9.38%～10.76%、胫骨密度范围为0.69～0.75 g/cm2、腓骨密度范围为0.24～0.42 g/cm2,这4项指标在猪种间无显著差异（P〈0.05）;胫骨强度范围为1.79～3.27 kN,铁骨猪的胫骨强度极显著高于其他4个猪种（P〈0.01）,而其他4猪种间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;铁骨猪这一特性对解决现代养殖中猪的肢蹄病、软骨病具有实际意义。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.