高级植物线虫学课程“研究型教学模式”的构建与实践

在研究型教学模式教学理论的指导下,对高级植物线虫学课程进行了系列改革。通过加强教师队伍继续教育,更新教学理念,丰富教学内容,运用多样化教学方法和现代化教学手段,改革了学生成绩评价方式,建立了适应现代化教学理念的"研究型教学模式"。实践表明:这些措施提高了学生的学习兴趣,增强了学生的动手能力,提高了学生的专业外语水平。近3年,学生的选课率达到100%,有70%的硕士研究生在核心刊物以上发表了学术论文(含多篇SCI/EI论文),为培养具有国际视野的植物线虫学创新型人才做出了应有的贡献。     

Neuropsychology. Language affects sound perception

At the 140th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America here last week, a psychologist demonstrated that an auditory illusion based on the tritone--two notes a half-octave apart played together--is perceived differently by listeners with different linguistic histories. And those perceptions might help psychologists understand how the brain rewires itself during childhood.     

Neuroscience. An antibiotic to treat Alzheimer's?

An antibiotic once used to treat traveler's diarrhea might battle Alzheimer's disease as well, researchers announced here last week at the Society for Neuroscience's annual meeting. The drug dissolves Alzheimer's-like plaques in mouse brains, apparently by trapping the copper and zinc that stud these deposits. A clinical trial to test whether the drug helps people with Alzheimer's is already under way.     

Powering the nanoworld

Devens Gust, a chemist at Arizona State University in Tempe, and a handful of colleagues have built tiny refineries that convert the energy in sunlight to chemical fuel to power nanomachines. The fuel in this case is adenosine triphosphate, the same energy-rich molecule that powers chemical reactions inside cells. At last August's meeting of the American Chemical Society in Washington, D.C., Gust reported that he and his colleagues had collaborated with other groups to run their protein-based molecular machines on little more than sunlight.     

Ecological Society of America meeting. Global warming, insects take the stage at Snowbird

Despite the turmoil of not-so-distant forest fires and United Airlines troubles that threw off travel schedules, some 2600 ecologists made their way to this sun-soaked canyon last month for the Ecological Society of America's 85th annual meeting. Topics ranged from ancient droughts to photosynthesis beneath snow and how trees resist insects.     

中国农业生态学与生态农业研究早期阶段的“燎原星火”——以1975年至2000年公开的部分资料为依据

20世纪的最后25年是中国大陆的农业生态与生态农业理念推广、科研探索及人才队伍成长的早期阶段。本文基于中国知网系统、国家自然科学基金委员会大数据知识管理服务门户、中国生态学学会官网、中国科学院野外台站网,《中国生态农业学报》《农业环境科学学报》《农业资源与环境学报》《生态与农村环境学报》《农业现代化研究》《生态学杂志》等多种农业生态学与生态农业有关学术期刊网站及孔夫子旧书网,对1975—2000年期间,中国大陆从事农业生态学与生态农业研究比较有影响力的学术平台（单位）和学者、公开出版的部分著作名录、国家自然科学基金生态学领域（C03）与农业生态相关的立项项目、中国知网系统内中文学术期刊发表的相关论文要素分析（发表年份、作者、所在单位、刊载期刊等）、被引次数及相关期刊创刊号特邀专论为依据的重要学术论文和学术论著题录进行了粗略的统计和分析,分析描述了早期阶段农业生态学及生态农业研究的热点及其变化过程。此外,本文还陈列和介绍了中国生态学学会农业生态专业委员会自成立至2000年期间组织和主办的十届全国农业生态学学术研讨会情况以及专业委员会的工作发展。本文为关心和支持中国农业生态学与生态农业建设...     

甘肃河西走廊甜菜象发生规律的研究

以甜菜象虫的优势种甜菜象为主要对象，重点研究了它的发生规律和为害特点，结果表明：甜菜象的生活史为一年一代，以成虫和少数幼虫与蛹在土中越冬，翌年４月上、中旬当气温达１０℃左右时开始出土，４月下旬至６月上旬为发生盛期。５月下旬至６月上旬为产卵盛期。６月至８月中旬未为幼虫盛发期，７月中旬至８月下旬为蛹盛期，８月下旬第一代成虫盛发。     

棉叶螨在棉株上的垂直分布及其二阶抽样技术研究

根据田间调查结果分析,在棉花苗期,棉叶螨的垂直空间分布格局呈聚集分布,且具有明显的层次性,主要分布在倒1至倒5叶上,约占总螨量的90%左右,不同田块之间差异不显着。应用Iwao根据M^*-m关系提出的二阶抽样模型估测,在D达0.10、0.15、0.20精确水平时,调查顶1叶至倒5叶层螨量所需抽查的棉株数平均分别为109.6、48.9、27.5株。置信度取95%时,区间估计p上为0.9386～0.9674,p上为0.9530;p下为0.0374～0.0618,p下为0.0518.     

《情报学报》被博士学位论文的引用分析

在我国情报学、图书情报学两栖期刊中,《情报学报》被博士学位论文引用的次数较多,有较强的研究生教育科技情报贡献力。利用《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》进行统计表明,2004～2006 3年间该刊被129篇博士学位论文引用263次。该刊被引的主要特点是:引用该刊论文的博士学位论文授予单位多,涉及的学科广泛;该刊发文理论性、实用性和综合性强,学术影响力高,对完成博士学位论文有很高的可继承性、创新启示性和向研究成果的融入性;该刊族性科技情报贡献力强。     

Stone adze compositions and the extent of ancient Polynesian voyaging and trade

The last region on Earth settled by humans during prehistory was East Polynesia. Hawaiian oral histories mention voyaging from Hawai'i to Tahiti and back via the Tuamotus, an open ocean journey of several thousands of kilometers. The trace element and isotope chemistries of a stone adze recovered from the Tuamotu Archipelago are unlike those of sources in central Polynesia but are similar to the Kaho'olawe Island hawaiite, in the Hawaiian Islands, supporting the oral histories. Other adzes collected from the low coral islands of the northwest Tuamotus have sources in the Marquesas, Austral and Society Islands, and the Pitcairn Group, confirming that trade was widespread within East Polynesia.     

Microbiology. Fighting bacterial fire with bacterial fire

Work presented last week at the annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco suggests that applying a harmless bacterium or its products to surgical wounds may thwart infections by the dangerous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Although physicians have previously pitted one bacterium against another to prevent infections of the intestinal and genitourinary tracts, this is the first attempt to use a friendly microbe to prevent infection of surgical wounds, say experts. The findings also point to a possible mechanism for this "bacterial interference." They suggest that a protein secreted by the harmless bacterium prevents the pathogen from getting a foothold in injured tissue.     

水稻节间性状与再生率的关系

为了探明水稻节间性状对再生率的影响,通过对多个水稻品种(组合)的研究发现,倒5节间长度、倒5节间长度与茎总长度之比与再生率相关系数达显著水平;节间粗度与再生率的关系,仅倒1、2节间与再生率呈显著相关;倒4节间的维管束数目与再生率呈显著负相关,而倒3与倒4节间维管束数目之比与再生率表现出显著正相关,即倒4节间维管束数目少者,其再生率高。     

翠雀引种栽培及园林应用研究

通过引种和栽培试验,对翠雀的叶片数、株高、幅宽、现蕾期、花朵数和结籽数进行观测,了解翠雀的物候期情况。结果表明,翠雀的营养生长期集中在5月下旬至6月下旬,在6月份进入生殖生长,现蕾期集中在6月,盛花期集中在7月,种子于7月下旬成熟,花期从6月上旬到8月上旬超过60 d。加强水肥管理,可延长花期,保证开花质量。翠雀在晋中平原生态适应性强,生长发育良好,可广泛应用于城市园林绿化。     

Knowledge model-based decision support system for maize management

Based on the relationship between crops and circumstances, a dynamic knowledge model for maize management with wide applicability was developed using the system method and mathematical modeling technique. With soft component characteristics incorporated, a component and digital knowledge model-based decision support system for maize management was established on the Visual C++ platform. This system realized six major functions: target yield calculation, design of pre-sowing plan, prediction of regular indices, real-time management control, expert knowledge reference and system administration. Cases were studied on the target yield knowledge model with data sets that include different eco-sites, yield levels of the last three years, and fertilizer and water management levels. The results indicated that this system overcomes the shortcomings of traditional expert systems and planting patterns, such as site-specific conditions and narrow applicability, and can be used more under different conditions and environments. This system provides a scientific knowledge system and a broad decision-making tool for maize management. Translated from Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(10): 163–166 [译自: 农业工程学报]     

论基层电大图书馆功能的利用与开发

电大图书馆是电大教学、科研的知识宝库,它在传播知识,培养人才中扮演着极为重要的角色。首先,论述了电大图书馆在电大教学、科研中的重要作用;其次,提出了通过建立全方位的网络信息服务体系从而不断完善电大图书馆服务功能的基本思路;最后,就如何加強基层电大图书馆功能的利用与开发提出了若干措施与建议。     

松突圆蚧种群动态及与气象因子的关系

2003年松突圆蚧上半年的虫口数量高于下半年,3月中旬到6月下旬的虫口数量高,7月上旬到10月上旬的虫口数量低,10月下旬到12月下旬的虫口数量较高.低龄若虫(1龄若虫和分化前2龄若虫)的虫口变动趋势与种群一致,是引起种群波动的重要原因.种群及其各虫态的死亡率动态基本上与虫口数量呈相反趋势,7-10月低龄若虫死亡率高是引起该阶段种群及低龄若虫数量低的主要原因.气象因子中气温对种群有着极重要的影响,高温不利于种群的扩张,对低龄若虫的影响高于高龄虫态.     

庆阳市小麦黄矮病预测模型的建立

利用庆阳市西峰区后官寨乡1985—1992年小麦黄矮病(BYDV)发生量的调查数据,建立了黄矮病发生程度与上年秋苗蚜虫量、早春蚜虫量间的回归模型。对模型的分析表明,上年秋苗蚜虫量和早春蚜虫量与黄矮病发生程度呈正相关。利用该模型对1993—1999年当地小麦黄矮病发生程度进行预测,预测结果与实际发生程度完全吻合。     

土壤中砷污染指示性动物的研究

通过盆栽试验验证土壤中砷对土壤动物群的影响,结果表明,随着砷污染浓度值设定的不同土壤动物的种类、数量呈急剧下降趋势。文章以砷的染指数（Pi）表征砷污染程度,土壤动物的种类、数量都随着污染指数的增加而相应变化。土壤中蜱螨目（Acari）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、弹尾目（Collembola）、同翅目（Homoptera）是优势种。随着人为控制砷离子浓度,动物群落中个体数量急剧下降。在对土壤动物群落指标与砷离子浓度相关性分析表明：种类数,均匀度指数等,都与实验设计砷离子浓度的指标呈显著的负相关。据此在衡量砷污染对土壤动物群落影响过程中,土壤中蜱螨目（Acari）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、弹尾目（Collembola）、同翅目（Homoptera）可以作为指示性动物。     

夏普比率在投资组合管理中的应用

讨论一种进行投资组合管理的方法。基于组合的分散投资原理,对DOWD（1999）的结论进行进一步的探讨,将改善组合的资产的数量由1个扩展到n个,并利用模拟数据验证一定条件下n的“最优”取值。     

发挥学会优势促进农业科技情报学会的创新与发展

新时期如何发挥学会优势,促进学会自主创新发展值得研究。本文就近几年来学会结合学科建设、资源管理、科技培训、人才举荐、组织建设等方面开展了系列学术交流活动,为发挥学会优势,推进农业科技情报学会的自主创新发展作了全面论述,并就学会创新发展中的工作思路、存在问题提出了相应的几点建议。