秋眠级不同的紫花苜蓿苗期耐热性评价

选择具有代表性并能真实地反映植物耐热性的多项指标对4种秋眠级不同的紫花苜蓿品种苗期耐热性进行综合评价.热害指数及恢复指数的分析结果表明,WL-525HQ耐热性较强,而WL-232HQ耐热性较差;采用隶属函数分析结果显示.4个紫花苜蓿品种的耐热性顺序为:WL-525HQ>WL-414HQ>WL-323HQ>WL-232HQ,秋眠级高的紫花苜蓿品种耐热性较强.     

高温胁迫下紫花苜蓿品种胞质蛋白质变化的比较

为探明高温胁迫对不同品种紫花苜蓿胞质蛋白质的影响,以35/30℃(白天/夜间)为高温,25/20℃(白天/夜间)为对照,以光化学效率为高温胁迫耐受力的指标,比较阿尔冈金(Algonguin)、赛迪10(Sardi 10)和德钦(Deqin)3个紫花苜蓿品种胞质蛋白质的变化.结果表明:高温胁迫下,阿尔冈金的光化学效率Fv/Fm下降最快,赛迪10下降最慢;阿尔冈金是热敏型,赛迪10是耐热型,德钦的耐热性中等.在胁迫第28d,赛迪10的胞质蛋白质含量显著下降,而德钦和阿尔冈金的胞质蛋白质含量下降发生在胁迫第21d.3个品种的55kDa和32kDa胞质蛋白质在高温胁迫下均发生降解,阿尔冈金降解最为严重.3个品种在高温胁迫下表达25kDa、22kDa和18kDa胞质蛋白质的程度不同,其中25kDa和22kDa在赛迪10中表达量较其他两个品种大.此外,德钦紫花苜蓿在高温胁迫下具有特异的20kDa胞质蛋白质表达.     

高温胁迫下紫花苜蓿多胺含量与耐热性的关系

我国缺乏适宜在南方高温地区生长的优质紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种,研究紫花苜蓿耐热性具有重要意义。多胺与植物逆境胁迫响应密切相关。本试验以高秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种‘赛迪10’、低秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种‘阿尔冈金’和适应云南干热河谷的‘德钦’紫花苜蓿为研究材料,研究腐胺、亚精胺、精胺含量在胁迫温度35℃/30℃(白天/夜晚)条件下105天内的变化,分析多胺与紫花苜蓿耐热性之间的关系。结果表明,紫花苜蓿的腐胺和精胺含量在高温胁迫下先升后降,期间低秋眠级品种的腐胺和精胺含量较高,高秋眠级品种的精胺含量开始下降的时间比低秋眠级品种早大约21天;紫花苜蓿的亚精胺含量在高温胁迫下变化有所不同,高秋眠级品种的亚精胺含量会有所增加,而低秋眠级品种则显著下降,累计增长率分别为16.81%和-26.21%。‘德钦’紫花苜蓿与‘阿尔冈金’同为低秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种,但在高温胁迫下其多胺含量的变化却与高秋眠级品种‘赛迪10’一致。高温胁迫下德钦紫花苜蓿的耐热性可能与较高的亚精胺含量和较低的腐胺和精胺含量有关,是其能在干热河谷生存的原因之一。     

5个紫花苜蓿品种在川中丘陵地区的适应性

在川中丘陵区遂宁市河沙镇和天保镇,对‘西部之星’、‘WL-525HQ’、‘WL-440HQ’、‘WL-656HQ’和‘昆德拉’5个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种进行适应性研究,旨在筛选出适宜川中丘陵地区种植的品种。结果表明:‘WL-525HQ’在两试验地株高、平均生长速度均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);‘西部之星’在河沙镇和天保镇干草产量分别为5458和4138 kg·hm^-2,均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。‘WL-525HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇粗蛋白含量(21.93%、22.47%)、可溶性碳水化合物含量(5.60%、5.60%)均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),且‘WL-525HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇酸性洗涤纤维含量(31.95%、31.15%)均显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);‘WL-440HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇中性洗涤纤维含量分别为39.27%和39.89%,均显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);隶属函数综合分析得出两试验地均以‘WL-525HQ’隶属度最高,分别为0.8和0.9。综上,‘WL-525HQ’表现较好,在川中丘陵区具有较高的推广利用价值。     

浙西红壤区苜蓿引种初报

在浙西红壤区对国外引进的20个紫花苜蓿品种进行栽培及品比试验,观察各品种物候期,测定鲜草生物学产量及营养成分含量,并对引种的苜蓿品种第一年的生物学产量、粗蛋白含量、株高和分枝数及越夏率等指标的综合分析.结果表明：各紫花苜蓿品种粗蛋白含量在16.01%～24.78%之间,株高最高的是三得利,鲜草产量最高的是WL-324,达22500 kg/hm^2;WL-323HQ、猎人河、大富豪、WL-323（接种包衣）、WL-525HQ等几个品种较适合于本地区生长环境,可作为首次扩大试验和推广品种.     

高温胁迫对黑麦草生长及生理代谢的影响

以两个耐热性差异较大的多年生黑麦草品种首相(Premier,耐热性强)和顶峰(Pinnacle,耐热性弱)为试验材料,分析了人工模拟昼夜温度为适温(25 ℃/20 ℃)和高温(35 ℃/30 ℃)两种温度条件下,高温胁迫对黑麦草生长、叶片细胞膜稳定性、叶绿素含量、光合作用、内源激素(ABA、IAA,GA₃和ZR)以及碳水化合物(可溶性糖、淀粉、果聚糖)代谢的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫条件下黑麦草生长减缓,叶片电导率升高,叶绿素含量和光合作用显著下降,内源激素脱落酸(ABA)含量升高,而生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)和细胞分裂素(ZR)含量均下降,但是在耐热性强的品种中的变化程度均小于耐热性弱的品种;高温胁迫下碳水化合物中的可溶性糖含量随处理时间的延长呈先升高随后下降的趋势,淀粉含量在两个品种中均呈不同程度的下降,果聚糖含量在耐热性强的品种中升高,在耐热性弱的品种中先升高随后下降。高温胁迫下黑麦草叶片中积累或维持较高的内源激素(ABA、GA₃、IAA、ZR)和碳水化合物(可溶性糖和果聚糖)可能是耐热性较强的主要原因,这些内源激素或碳水化合物的积累或维持有助于黑麦草细胞内渗透平衡和细胞膜稳定性,保护光合器官免受损害以维持光合能力,延缓因高温和呼吸增强导致的叶片的枯黄衰老,从而提高了黑麦草的耐高温能力。     

温控条件下高温胁迫对紫花苜蓿地上部分生长的影响

本研究的目的在于探讨高温对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产量和形态的影响。试验采用盆栽方法,选取6个紫花苜蓿品种,将其种植在2个生长培养箱内,2个培养箱温度(白天/黑暗)分别设置为25/20℃和35/30℃,测定其产量、株高、叶部特征及叶片叶绿素含量。结果表明,高温胁迫使紫花苜蓿生长受到抑制,植株矮小,产量降低54%;单叶片叶面积缩小至常温的1/4,但叶片厚度增加了54%。综合上述结果可以看出,高温是生产中紫花苜蓿夏季减产的一个重要原因,紫花苜蓿对高温非常敏感,但会通过一系列形态上的变化来适应高温的胁迫。     

不同生育期紫花苜蓿总黄酮的提取和检测方法比较研究

试验以9个紫花苜蓿品种(宁夏紫花苜蓿、阿尔冈金、WL-366HQ、WL-354HQ、偏关苜蓿、金皇后、三得利、赛迪5、中苜1号)不同生育期的叶片为材料,比较超声波和微波提取,紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定的总黄酮含量,同时研究总黄酮在9个紫花苜蓿品种整个生育期中的累积变化。结果表明:超声波提取的总黄酮含量明显高于微波提取法;紫外分光光度法与高效液相色谱法检测的总黄酮含量无显著差异;盛花期采收的叶片中的总黄酮含量最高。综上,超声波-紫外分光光度法可作为提取和检测紫花苜蓿总黄酮的有效方法。     

科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿的引种研究初报

以国外引进的8个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种为试材,于2002-2003年在科尔沁沙地水浇地条件下进行引种试验.结果表明:越冬率在80%以上的品种有6个,占供试品种的75%;各品种平均分枝数差异显著,以农宝最高,苜蓿王最低;干草产量由高到低依次为农宝、阿尔冈金、WL-323HQ、费纳尔、WL-324、全能、WL-232HQ、苜蓿王;平均粗蛋白含量以苜蓿王和阿尔冈金相对较高,全能最低;粗蛋白产量以阿尔冈金最高,农宝、WL-323HQ位居其次.综合越冬率、草产量和营养品质认为,阿尔冈金、WL-323HQ和农宝是科尔沁沙地农田种植紫花苜蓿的适宜品种.     

12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析

以11个从国外引进的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种,1个当地品种为材料,一年刈割3次,分析研究了紫花苜蓿不同刈次的营养成分.结果表明:引进种与当地品种的粗蛋白含量、粗纤维含量、粗灰分含量存在显著差异.粗蛋白含量最高的是当地品种,其次为WL-323HQ、WL-323ML、阿尔冈金、金皇后、苜蓿王;所有参试品种头茬、2茬的品质均优于3茬.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.