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施肥对无芒雀麦种子产量及产量组分的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以无芒雀麦为实验材料,经过2年研究观测,结果发现,施氮处理对无芒雀麦种子产量影响显著,秋季施氮135 kg/hm2、春季施氮90 kg/hm2时,种子产量最高达1 723.1 kg/hm2;无芒雀麦种子产量的首要影响因素是单位面积的生殖枝数,生殖枝主要由上年果后短营养枝转化,施氮对单位面积的生殖枝数影响显著,春季施氮增加每生殖枝的小穗数、每小穗的小花数、每小穗的种子数,同时也可以增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数;秋季施氮主要增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数,使第2年生殖枝数增加,其中秋季施氮135 kg/hm2,生殖枝数最多达728.3枝/m2. 相似文献
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行距与播种量对无芒雀麦种子产量及产量组分的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在酒泉、通辽、绥化3地同时进行了行距与播种量对无芒雀麦种子产量及产量组分影响的试验研究,结果表明:同一地区行距是影响无芒雀麦种子产量的主要因素,播种第2年30 cm行距的种子产量显著高于50 cm,70 cm和90 cm行距处理;播种量对种子产量没有显著影响;3地间种子产量具有显著差异(P<0.05),通辽地区产量最高为1368.4 kg.hm-2,酒泉次之是1005.2 kg·hm-2,绥化最低为284.8 kg·hm-2。行距对无芒雀麦生殖枝数/m2和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05),播种量对无芒雀麦产量组分影响不显著。 相似文献
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为青藏高原高寒地区筛选出适宜种植推广的无芒雀麦种用型资源,对已筛选出饲草产量高的14份无芒雀麦在青海省海北州西海镇分别从籽粒产量、营养成分和种子活力进行评价,为青藏高原饲草兼种用型无芒雀麦品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:除B10外,其余材料2年间的种子产量均存在显著差异(P<0.05);B14的两年累计种子产量表现最高,为8314.99 kg/hm2。从无芒雀麦各材料产量与产量性状相关性分析结果来看,单序籽粒数、有效分蘖、单序籽粒重和小穗宽与种子产量显著正相关(P<0.05),其中有效分蘖与种子产量间的正相关性最大,且其对种子产量增产的直接效应最大,可作为种用型无芒雀麦种子产量评价的关键性状。综合以上生产性能、营养品质和种子活力,以B14、B13和B10,3份无芒雀麦资源总体表现较好,适合于青藏高原高寒区推广种植。 相似文献
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为研究宁夏干旱区行距与播量对无芒雀麦种子产量和质量的影响,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区行距为20,30,40和50 cm,副区播量为10,15,20和25 kg·hm-2,利用灰色关联度以及回归模型进行了分析。结果表明,行距对潜在种子产量和发芽势有极显著影响(P<0.01),对发芽率有显著影响(P<0.05);播量对实际种子产量、潜在种子产量和发芽势有极显著影响,对发芽率影响不显著;行距和播量对实际种子产量、潜在种子产量和发芽势有极显著交互作用,对发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数影响不显著。行距30 cm和播量15 kg·hm-2处理的种子产量最高;行距30 cm和播量20 kg·hm-2处理的种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数均最高;通过建立多元回归及通径分析可得,无芒雀麦种子产量的提高主要由生殖枝数实现。综上所述,为求得宁夏干旱区无芒雀麦最高种子产量和最优种子质量应将行距设为30 cm,播量设为15~20 kg·hm-2为宜。 相似文献
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为了提高无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)对水分和养分的利用效率,采用正交试验设计,研究了灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥施用量对科尔沁沙地无芒雀麦品质的影响。结果表明,1)氮肥对干物质含量和粗纤维含量有极显著影响(P0.01),对粗脂肪含量和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05);水分对干物质含量和粗纤维含量也有极显著影响(P0.01),但是对粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P0.05);磷肥和钾肥的作用相似,对干物质和粗纤维含量有显著影响(P0.05),但是对粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P0.05)。4个因子对无芒雀麦品质的独立效应表现为氮肥>灌水量>磷肥>钾肥。2)采用多指标综合评分法对各项品质指标的综合效应进行分析得出,提高无芒雀麦品质最优水肥使用量组合为:氮肥450 kg·hm-2+灌水量1 000 m3·hm-2+磷肥200 kg·hm-2+钾肥75 kg·hm-2。 相似文献
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为探究青海省本地燕麦推广品种‘青燕1号’种子田的适宜播量、行距及播种方式,采用双因素试验设计,分别设4个播量水平和5个行距水平(含1个人工撒播),研究不同播量和行距对种子及秸秆产量的影响,完善该品种在实际生产中的栽培技术,提供科学的理论指导。结果显示,不同播量和行距处理下燕麦种子和秸秆产量差异显著(P<0.05),种子产量以播量S3 (225 kg·hm-2)行距R2 (20 cm)最高,秸秆产量以播量S4(270 kg·hm-2)行距R1(15 cm)最佳,分别达7937.30和11872.60 kg·hm-2。不同播种方式对种子产量影响差异显著(P<0.05),撒播下种子产量随播量呈先增加后降低趋势,以播量S3(225 kg·hm-2)水平最佳,较最低产量的处理高1.51倍;与撒播相比,条播种植增产效应明显,最高种子产量(S3R2)显著(P<0.05)高于撒播最高产量(S3R0)。从各产量性状与种子产量相关性分析来看,主穗小穗数、主穗小花数、花序长、叶面积、有效分蘖数、小穗粒数、单序籽粒数、单序籽粒重及千粒重与产量相关性显著(P<0.05),而通过建立多元回归及通径分析关系模型发现,主穗小穗数、千粒重、单序籽粒重对种子产量增益作用明显,三者对产量的直接作用和间接作用均处较高水平,因此在生产实践中可通过适当的调整栽培措施,增加主穗小穗数、千粒重和单序籽粒重从而提高燕麦种子产量。 相似文献
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通过对高寒山区自然演替的逸生种扁穗雀麦(Bromus cartharticus)单株性状与种子产量的相关通径分析发现,多元决定系数∑d=0.957 6,表明影响种子产量的主要性状均包括在内,结实率、花序种子数和千粒重是影响种子产量的主要性状。分析得出种子产量最优多元回归方程为:y=-453.07+0.958 7x7(花序种子数)+0.342 7x8(千粒重)+0.510 5x9(结实率)。在生产实践中,提高结实率、花序种子数和千粒重是提高扁穗雀麦种子产量的有效途径。 相似文献
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单播与混播下的杂花苜蓿与无芒雀麦光合生理生态特征分析 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
对无芒雀麦Bromus innermis和甘农1号杂花苜蓿Medicago varia cv.Gannong NO.1叶片光合生理生态特性进行了初步分析.结果表明,杂花苜蓿初花期、无芒雀麦抽穗期光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率较高.混播无芒雀麦的光合速率、水分利用效率大于单播,但在光合"午降"期间差异不明显.牧草生育时期、环境因子(温度、湿度和土壤水分)对杂花苜蓿和无芒雀麦的光合速率有明显影响,植物个体的生理生态特性与群落稳定性的维持有密切关系.研究单播与混播下的杂花苜蓿与无芒雀麦群落光合生理生态特性,对于维持混播草地群落的稳定性,探寻种间竞争机理,科学地经营与管理草地具有十分重要的理论与现实意义. 相似文献
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This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns:Flax→flax →flax→flax[(F)FFF];Flax→wheat→potato→flax[(F)WPF];Flax→potato→flax→wheat[(F)PFW];Flax→ flax→wheat→potato[(F)FWP];Flax→wheat→flax→potato[(F)WFP]and flax→wheat→potato→wheat[(F)WPW]. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield(29. 89%-109. 57%)in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was:(F)WPW>(F)FWP>(F)WFP>(F)PFW>(F)WPF>(F)FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively(P<0. 05),compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation: Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved. 相似文献