鹅种蛋孵化技术要点

在江苏地区,鹅的种蛋孵化逐渐从人工孵化转为电器孵化,由摊床孵化和半自动孵化逐渐转变成规模化的全自动机器孵化。其优点多,如温度均衡、干净卫生、管理方便等,可以大规模上孵,节省劳力,显著提高鹅蛋的孵化率。     

农村养鹅实用技术(三)

三、鹅的孵化技术 孵鹅有自然孵化和人工孵化两种方式。自然孵化是利用母鸡的就巢性孵化,人工孵化的方式有多种。 (一) 种蛋的选择、存放、消毒。 1.种蛋的选择。种蛋应来自一年以上的优良种鹅配种,无病高产,种蛋受精率90％以上的健康母鹅所产的蛋。蛋要大小一致,呈椭圆形,蛋壳厚薄均匀,蛋重和蛋的颜色均符合     

家鸭

家鸭繁殖技术人工孵化电源供应正常地区，一般均使用电气孵化机。孵化机的容量，最小者孵蛋２０枚，巨型者可孵数万枚。机型有平面型与立体型之别，立体型宜于大规模孵化，具有自动调温、通气、翻蛋功能。孵化温度与湿度：一般可采用与孵鸡相同的温度（３８℃），但湿度必...     

鹅的变温孵化技术要点

鹅的人工孵化逐步转为电器孵化,电孵比传统的摊床孵化优点更多,如温度均恒、干净卫生、管理方便等.缺点是设备投资稍大.如采用电器变温孵化,可以显著提高鹅蛋的孵化率.现将该技术的要点简介如下: 1 设备及入孵程序     

鹅的变温孵化技术要点

鹅的人工孵化逐步转为电器孵化,电孵比传统的摊床孵化优点更多,如温度均恒、干净卫生、管理方便等.缺点是设备投资稍大.如采用电器变温孵化,可以显著提高鹅蛋的孵化率.     

四季鹅浅析

1.什么是四季鹅。所谓的四季鹅通常是指1年能够数次自孵的鹅,如著名的浙东白鹅、皖西白鹅、湖南的溆浦鹅、句容四季鹅、广东的狮头鹅等。这些鹅的抱孵性很强,每到繁殖季节通常自产一定数量的蛋（8～15枚）就伏巢孵化,鹅苗出壳后,通过15～30天后恢复,再次进入下一个繁殖周期。     

冬季仿生孵禽温箱孵化种鹅的技术要点

冬季天气寒冷，加之鹅种蛋的体型大，致使人工孵化率低，这是冬季孵化生产中的一大难题。采用仿生孵禽温箱孵化则能够有效提高种鹅蛋的孵化率和健雏率。现将有关技术介绍如下，供广大同行借鉴。     

鹅的变温孵化要点

鹅的人工孵化逐步转为电器孵化,电孵比传统的摊床孵化优点更多,如温度均恒、干净卫生、管理方便等。缺点是设备投资稍大。如采用电器变温孵化,可以显著提高鹅蛋的孵化率。现将该技术的要点简介如下: (一)设备及入孵程序 变温孵化鹅,一般采用多个孵化     

鹅种蛋孵化过程中的关键技术

1鹅种蛋的孵化条件鹅属卵生动物。鹅种蛋的胚胎发育内源性因素是依赖于蛋内的营养物质,而外源性因素主要取决于合适的外界条件。自然情况下,鹅蛋的孵化主要是通过母鹅自然抱孵或母鸡带孵,后经人工处理,开始进行缸孵、火炕、摊床孵化,现在大型种禽场都采用机器孵化。无论采用什么样的孵化方式,基本原理都是要为胚胎发育创造出合适的外界环境。因此,结合机器孵化,探讨鹅种蛋孵化的温度、湿度、通风和翻蛋等条件。     

鹅的变温孵化技术要点

鹅的人工孵化逐步转为电器孵化,电孵比传统的摊床孵化优点更多,如温度均恒、干净卫生、管理方便等。缺点是设备投资稍大。如采用电器变温孵化,可以显著提高鹅蛋的孵化率。现将该技术的要点简介如下：     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …