农业部：发布兽药说明书范本

为加强兽药产品说明书管理,保障安全用药,我部组织编制了《中国兽药典》（2010年版）收载品种的说明书范本,并编纂为《兽药产品说明书范本（第一册）》、《兽药产品说明书范本（第二册）》和《兽药产品说明书范本（第三册）》（以下简称《范本》）,现予发布,并就有关事宜公告如下。     

兽药标签说明书管理动态分析

<正>近日从农业部网站获悉,农业部就《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》贯彻实施中,兽药产品标签和说明书的有关问题发布第2066号公告,共计十四条。公告的发布对兽药企业未来包装提出了更高要求。现就主要点进行分析。一、公告首次直接表明兽药生产企业应按照《兽药产品说明书范本》要求印制标签和说明书,意味着企业在产品说明方面没有发挥空间,否则可能面临违规风险。《兽药产品说明书范本》未收载的产品按照批准的标签和说明书样稿     

农业部发布兽药产品标签最新说明和要求

<正>从农业部网站获悉,农业部就《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》贯彻实施中,兽药产品标签和说明书的有关问题发布第2066号公告,共计十四条。公告的发布对兽药企业未来包装提出了更高要求。现将主要点进行分析。一、公告首次直接表明兽药生产企业应按照《兽药产品说明书范本》要求印制标签和说明书,意味着企业在产品说明方面没有发挥空间,否则可能面临违规风险。《兽药产品说明书范本》未收     

政府要闻

<正>农业部:兽药说明书编制将统一规范不规范的兽药说明书可能造成养殖者不合理用药,从而引发动物产品质量安全风险。近期农业部组织编制、发布了《兽药产品说明书范本》,规范了兽药说明书编制。《范本》呈现出3大特点:一是规范性。《中国兽药典》收载的全部兽药产品都有统一、规范的兽药说明书范本,是企业印制说明书的重要参考。二是实用性。增加了具体病症及主治症状的描述,改进了用药方法和给药剂量,方便养殖场户选择和使用兽药。三是完整性。在《中国兽药典》的基础上进行了补充,增加了复方制剂的药理作用、不良反应和生物制品所用菌毒种的主要成分及含量。(摘编自:农业部网站)     

政府要闻

农业部：兽药说明书编制将统一规范 不规范的兽药说明书可能造成养殖者不合理用药，从而引发动物产品质量安全风险。近期农业部组织编制、发布了《兽药产品说明书范本》，规范了兽药说明书编制。     

农业部新政规范兽药标签和说明书的执行建议

针对农业部第2066号公告规范兽药标签和说明书,作者对农业部《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》、《兽药产品说明书范本》和《执业兽医管理办法》等多个部令公告在兽药标签和说明书方面的相关规定和执行建议进行了简单阐述,对兽药GMP企业、兽药GSP企业以及兽药使用者理解、掌握和执行这个部令公告将起到较好的帮助作用。     

兽用处方药新规:老包装无标识将报废

正近日记者从农业部网站获悉,农业部就《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》贯彻实施中兽药产品标签和说明书的有关问题发布第2066号公告。公告的发布对兽药企业未来包装提出了更高要求。现就主要点进行分析。一、公告首次直接表明兽药生产企业应按照《兽药产品说明书范本》要求印制标签和说明书,意味着企业在产品说明方面没有发挥空间,否则可能面临违规风险。     

农业部发文规范兽药产品标签和说明书

正为做好兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法贯彻实施工作,有效规范产品标签和说明书,现就有关问题公告如下:一、兽药生产企业应按照兽药产品说明书范本要求印制标签和说明书,兽药产品说明书范本未收载的产品,按照批准的标签和说明书样稿印制,在不改变批准内容、符合兽药标签和说明书管理办法有关     

行业动态

5月起兽药标签和说明书实施备案公布制度根据《兽药管理条例》和《兽药标签和说明书管理办法》规定,自2005年实行兽药标签和说明书备案、公布制度,具体内容如下:一、农业部对核发了全国统一兽药产品批准文号的兽药标签和说明书纳入备案范围,定期在中国兽药信息网和中国农业信息网上公布已备案的兽药标签和说明书。二、农业部行政审批综合办公大厅向企业同时发放《兽药产品文号批件》及经审定的兽药标签和说明书修订稿。企业按照农业部审定的内容印制标签和说明书,并在取得《兽药产品文号批件》后一个月内将兽药标签和说明书印刷件(市场销售…     

兽药产品说明书的现状与建议

兽药产品的说明书是兽医及用户安全、合理、有效使用兽药的重要参考资料,但就目前我国兽药市场上的产品情况看,部分兽药产品说明书不符合《兽药管理条例》及《兽药生产质量管理规范》的要求。本文指出了兽药产品说明书中存在的问题,并结合我国目前的实际情况提出了切实可行的建议。     

Autopsy results of a case of ingestion of sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium hydroxide is a strongly corrosive alkali. We describe herein a case of suicide by ingestion of sodium hydroxide. A man in his 80s was found dead with a mug and a bottle of caustic soda. Macroscopically, liquefaction and/or disappearance of esophagus, trachea and lung tissue and a grayish discoloration of the mucosa of the stomach were seen along with blackish brown coloration of the skin, mouth, and oral cavity. The contents of the gastrointestinal tract showed a pH level of 7–8 on pH indicator strips. Histopathologically, liquefactive necrosis of remnant lung tissue and the stomach were seen. As biological reactions such as vasodilatation and inflammation were not detected in these organs, only a short number of hours must have passed between ingestion and death. This human case provides valuable information concerning the direct irritation induced by systemic exposure to corrosive substances.     

The emergence of parvoviruses of carnivores

The emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a well-documented example highlighting the emergence of a new virus through cross-species transmission. CPV emerged in the mid-1970s as a new pathogen of dogs and has since become endemic in the global dog population. Despite widespread vaccination, CPV has remained a widespread disease of dogs, and new genetic and antigenic variants have arisen and sometimes reached high frequency in certain geographic regions or throughout the world. Here we review our understanding of this emergence event and contrast it to what is known about the emergence of a disease in mink caused by mink enteritis virus (MEV). In addition, we summarize the evolution of CPV over the past 30 years in the global dog population, and describe the epidemiology of contemporary parvovirus infections of dogs and cats. CPV represents a valuable model for understanding disease emergence through cross-species transmission, while MEV provides an interesting comparison.     

封育对蒿类荒漠草地植被地上生物量时间稳定性的影响

为明确退化草地恢复过程中草地植被地上生物量时间稳定性变化及影响因素,以天山北坡中段蒿类荒漠草地为对象,采用野外取样和室内分析的方法,测算了封育年限间(2,4,6 a)群落地上生物量时间稳定性及物种异步性等,结果表明：封育2,4,6 a蒿类荒漠草地地上生物量较对照依次提高38.83%,136.26%,87.21%(P<0.05)。封育2 a蒿类荒漠草地群落地上生物量时间稳定性较对照增加38.36%(P<0.05),而封育4,6 a则变化不显著;封育4,6 a蒿类荒漠草地物种丰富度较对照分别降低46.15%,15.93%(P<0.05),物种异步性降低20.13%,17.52%(P<0.05)。物种丰富度与地上生物量时间稳定性无显著相关,但物种异步性及优势种时间稳定性对群落地上生物量时间稳定性有正向促进作用。因此,封育有利于退化蒿类荒漠草地植物地上生物量的恢复,物种异步性和优势物种时间稳定性是驱动群落地上生物量时间稳定性的重要因子。     

Overestimation of the Predictive Value of Positives by the Usual Calculations of the Specificity of Diagnostic Tests

The specificity of a diagnostic test for a given disease, i.e. the percentage of true negatives, can be calculated from either the results from a group of healthy animals or possibly from a group which also contains diseased animals which are free of the particular disease for which the test has been performed. The specificity may be much lower in the latter case and the predictive value of positives thus greatly reduced. In the example of creatine kinase being used for the diagnosis of muscle diseases in dogs, the specificity at the thresholds of 105 and 150 U/L (upper limits of the 95% and 99.7% interquantiles) decreased from 0.98 and 1.0 to 0.66 and 0.78, respectively.     

浅析牛的几个质量性状

牛的性状有一类是由单个或少数几个基因座所决定的,其表现不受或很少受环境因素的影响,且表型变异为间断分布,这就是牛的质量性状。本文介绍了牛质量性状特点及改良中的遗传规律、改良方法与途径,对毛色、角、遗传缺陷等质量性状重点进行了分析。     

Long-term outcome of treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma of the foot by amputation of the distal limb in a pony

This report describes a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 10-year-old Shetland pony. The pony was presented for evaluation of a chronic, ulcerating mass of the foot associated with a nonweightbearing lameness of the right forelimb. Foot radiographs revealed an aggressive bone lesion with severe osteolysis of the distal phalanx. Amputation of the digit was performed under general anaesthesia at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint using a palmar flap technique and a transfixation cast for protection of the stump. Avascular necrosis, infection and dehiscence of the stump occurred 3 weeks later and a second amputation was performed at the level of the proximal third of the third metacarpal bone. Histopathology revealed a squamous cell carcinoma. After healing of the stump, a prosthesis was fitted to the limb for improved ambulation of the pony. Two years after the amputation, telephone follow-up with the referring veterinarian and the owner, revealed that the pony was healthy and able to go out daily in a paddock with its prosthesis. SCC represents an unusual indication for limb amputation. Successful outcome is rarely reported in horses.     

干旱胁迫对4种决明属植物光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以4种决明属植物草决明(Cassia obtusifolia)、望江南(C.occidentalis)、伞房决明(C.corymbosa)、双荚决明(C.bicapsularis)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置轻度干旱、重度干旱和正常灌水处理,研究了干旱胁迫对4种决明属植物的叶绿素含量、光合作用参数和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果显示,1)干旱胁迫导致4种决明属植物的叶绿素含量下降,望江南的下降幅度最小,说明望江南在水分减少的情况下仍具有较高的光合作用能力,伞房决明的叶绿素含量在3种处理下都趋于最高水平,表明伞房决明光能吸收、转换和传递能力较强;2)干旱胁迫导致4种决明属植物气孔导度(Gs)降低,气孔限制值(Ls)升高,伴随着胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低,净光合速率(Pn)下降,表明是气孔因素造成的,此后,除草决明外其它3种植物的Ci均升高,Ls均下降,这是非气孔因素造成的;在干旱胁迫下望江南具有较高的光合速率,伞房决明具有相对较高的气孔开放度;3)干旱胁迫导致4种决明属植物的最大荧光(Fm)和光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降,初始荧光(Fo)上升,表明PSⅡ结构受到破坏或者植物进行了热耗散。光化学淬灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)下降,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)上升,说明干旱胁迫对PSⅡ造成伤害,但其能够有效地避免或减轻因PSⅡ吸收过多光能而引起的光抑制和光氧化。望江南表现的最稳定,说明望江南具有较强的抗旱性。     

Effect of time of the addition of glucose to a medium on the development of 1-cell stage mouse embryos

In the present study, 1‐cell stage mouse embryos were cultured with or without glucose, and their development to the blastocyst stage was compared. Embryos cultured in a glucose‐free medium had a higher percentage of development to the 8‐cell stage, and they had higher developmental speeds compared with those cultured in a glucose‐containing medium. The percentages of embryos that developed to the early blastocyst stage, blastocyst stage and expanded blastocyst stage were much lower than those developed in a glucose‐containing medium. This suggests that the culture of 1‐cell stage embryos in a glucose‐containing medium inhibits development at the 8‐cell stage, and that glucose is necessary for blastocyst formation. Previous reports indicate that, from the 1‐cell stage to the 4‐cell stage, glucose inhibits embryo development. In the present study, exposure of early embryos to a glucose‐free medium improved subsequent embryo development, and there was no difference in the percentage of development to the stages ranging from the 8‐cell stage to the expanded blastocyst stage between embryos cultured in a glucose‐free medium from the 1‐cell stage to the 2‐cell, 4‐cell and 8‐cell stage. This indicates that embryo development is improved when a 1‐cell stage embryo is exposed to a glucose‐free medium before and during the 2‐cell stage, and glucose only has an inhibitory effect on embryo development during conversion from the 1‐cell stage to the 2‐cell stage.     

畜禽粪便厌氧发酵沼液过膜特性的改善研究

通过对沼液稳定体系的特征性判别以及处理条件正交试验的筛选,实现了既提高过膜通量,又保证了较高营养物保留率的目的.得出结论:1)沼液不是典型单一的胶体或乳状液体系,仅调节pH值对于改善其过膜性能影响不大;2)经药剂处理后,沼液的过膜通量相比原液有不同程度提高,最高可达2 377.97％;3)经药剂处理后,沼液中的氨基酸有...     

The creation of an international audit and database of equine colic surgery: survey of attitudes of surgeons

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Currently, there is a lack of available evidence-based data concerning the optimum treatments for horses affected by different types of colic and this precludes the application of clinical audit in this area. In order to accumulate such data, a large-scale, multicentre database of the outcomes of colic surgery is proposed. The attitudes of surgeons is an important consideration in determining the feasibility of developing this database. OBJECTIVES: To assess attitudes and opinions of equine surgeons concerning clinical audit and to assess the perceived advantages and problems of setting up a large-scale international audit/database of colic surgery. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 30 equine surgeons (large animal/equine surgeons who are diplomates of either the American College of Veterinary Surgeons or the European College of Veterinary Surgeons). Questionnaires were sent by e-mail to 98 equine surgeons. RESULTS: Face to face interviews were conducted (n = 30) and 43/98 completed questionnaires received (44%). The results of the 2 techniques were very similar. There was generally a high level of interest in the development of a large scale database of colic surgery, but perceived problems included time to collect and submit data, and confidentiality issues. A minority of surgeons reported that they were undertaking any form of specific monitoring of the results of colic surgery within their hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: There is a good level of interest among equine surgeons to develop a large scale database of colic surgery and most would be willing to contribute data from their own hospitals provided that data collection is quick and easy, and that confidentiality is maintained.