动物园珍稀野生动物弓形虫感染的血清学调查

用改良凝集试验（MAT）和SPA－ELISA对上海动物园珍稀野生动物的血清作了弓形虫抗体的检测。在隶属于2纲、10目、18科、37属、52种（包括亚种）的117头动物中，MAT阳性者41头（35％）；ELISA检测98头动物中阳性者33头（33．7％），2种试验的阳性率无显著差异（P＞0．05）。MAT的阳性率在鸟类组、灵长类组、肉食类组和草食类组中分别为11．1％（4／36）、25．0％（4／16）、69．4％（25／36）和27．6％（8／29）；ELISA的阳性率分别为0．0％（0／36）、33．3％（4／12）、87．1％（27／31）和10．5％（2／19），2种试验检测不同动物组的阳性率均有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。ELISA未能在鸟类和偶蹄类动物检测到弓形虫抗体。     

福州动物园野生动物感染衣原体及弓形虫的血清学调查

采用正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和改良凝集试验(MAT),分别对福州动物园132只野生动物血清作衣原体和弓形虫抗体检测。动物园野生动物感染衣原体和弓形虫的血清学阳性率分别为24.42%(32/132)和23.48%(31/132);衣原体与弓形虫抗体滴度的倒数经对数化后的相关与回归分析显示二者呈显著负相关(r=0.6901,P0.01),关联分析也显示衣原体和弓形虫抗体之间呈负关联(V=-0.104 9)。     

广东东莞地区犬、猫弓形虫血清学调查

应用正向间接血凝试验,对东莞市2005～2006年采集的629份犬、猫血清进行了弓形虫抗体检测,其中检测的610份犬血清,抗体阳性4份,抗体阳性检出率为0.66%,检测的19份猫血清中,抗体阳性0份,抗体阳性率为0。     

湖南省部分地区山羊弓形虫血清学调查

为了解湖南省羊弓形虫病流行情况,2017年采用间接血凝试验(IHA),对邵阳、常德、湘潭、岳阳、株洲、郴州、张家界、娄底等8个地区进行山羊弓形虫血清学调查。结果显示:共采集的5 600份羊血清中,检出弓形虫血清抗体阳性468份,样品阳性率为8.36%,其中2017年上半年阳性率为8.75%,下半年为7.96%,无明显季节性差异(P 0.05);在抽检的216个场户中,检出阳性场户102个,场群阳性率为47.22%,其中散养户的场阳性率与样品阳性率(分别为64.61%、12.04%)高于规模场(分别为39.73%、7.14%),差异显著(P 0.05);1岁以上成年羊(10.77%)和1～6月龄(9.28%)幼年羊的样品阳性率明显高于7～12月龄的青年羊(5.93%),差异极显著(P 0.01);8个地区的样品阳性率有差异,其中邵阳市最高(10.00%),常德市最低(6.42%)。调查结果表明,弓形虫感染在湖南省羊群中较为普遍,各地区羊群中均存在不同程度的感染,因此湖南省应注意加强弓形虫监测与防控,尤其是散养和1岁以上成年羊群,以确保公共卫生安全。     

兰州地区孕妇和新生儿弓形虫感染状况的血清学调查

采用间接血凝试验测定了兰州地区５８０例孕妇和６１４例新生儿血清中弓形虫抗体，同时进行了１６６对母血和新生儿脐带血的配对测定。结果５８０例孕妇中，弓形虫抗体阳性者３４例，阳性率为５．８６％。其中效价为１：６４者有２３例，１：２５６者４例，１：１０２４者５例，１：４０９６者２例。６１４例新生儿中抗体阳性者３２例，阳性率为５．２１％。其中抗体效价为１：６４者１５例，１：２５６者９例，１：１０２４者８例。     

动物园野生动物消化道寄生虫感染调查

本文旨在探究动物园野生动物的消化道寄生虫感染情况。在2019年1月—3月期间,对某动物园的野生动物粪便作采样分析,统计其消化道寄生虫感染情况。结果表明消化道寄生虫的感染率为43.20%。上述结果表明该动物园内野生动物消化道寄生虫感染现象较为普遍,需要做好驱虫工作。     

家畜弓形虫感染的血清学调查

家畜弓形虫感染的血清学调查孙照学，杨忠庆（贵州省六枝特区兽医防治检疫站６５５４００）罗昌林（六枝特区农业局）弓形虫病是由真球虫目（Ｅｕｃｏｃｃｉｄｉｎａ）肉孢子虫科（Ｓａｒｃｏｙｓｔｓｔｉｄａｅ）的龚地弓形虫引起人畜共患的一种寄生性原虫病。弓形虫最早...     

A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in zoo animals and other animals

A survey for Toxoplasma gondii (Tp) infection in the animals bred or caught in and around Kobe Municipal Oji Zoo was conducted by the Latex Agglutination (LA) test using plasma samples collected for the years from 1980 to 1988. Plasma antibody to Tp (greater than or equal to 1:64) was found in 5.0% (0 of 181) mammals belonging to 28 families of 10 orders and 6.7% (12 of 179) aves belonging to 22 families of 15 orders, respectively. Cats, rats and pigeons caught in and around the zoo lower positive rates than those reported in previous studies: 9.3% (4 of 43), 0% (0 of 55) and 4.9% (4 of 82), respectively. High antibody titers were obtained from a Caribbean flamingo, a chimpanzee and 7 other animals born in the zoo. These results suggest presence of some primary Tp infection in the animals bred in the zoo.     

Seroprevalences of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. Little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. Sera from 556 animals, from 13 Czech and Slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus), Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), fennec (Vulpes zerda), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), Indian lion (Panthera leo goojratensis), fisher (Martes pennanti), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), European bison (Bison bonasus), lechwe (Kobus leche), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), eland (Taurotragus oryx), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei gratus), Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris), Eastern elk (C. elaphus canadensis), Vietnam sika deer (C. nippon pseudaxis) and Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Titres ranged from 1:40 to 1:2560. The highest prevalence 50% was found in family mustelidae of the order carnivora. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 193 of 556 zoo animals (34.7%) representing 72 of 114 species tested, with titres ranging from 1:40 to 1:40960. The highest prevalence 100% was found in families: hyaenidae, mustelidae, ursidae and viveridae of the order carnivora. The results of this study indicate that zoo animals have more exposure to T. gondii than to N. caninum. It is the first report of seroprevalence of antibodies to N. caninum in European zoo animals.     

Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in Florida

Blood samples were collected for serum separation from 114 species of wild animals (25 species of mammals, 82 species of birds, and 7 species of reptiles) in Florida. Each of the 3,471 samples was tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, using the indirect hemagglutination test. The highest prevalences of T gondii antibodies were 19% in armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), 18% in raccoons (Procyon lotor), 13% in black rats (Rattus rattus), and 11% in opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Antibody prevalences were significantly higher in male than in female raccoons (P less than 0.05) and in adult than in nonadult raccoons and opossums (P less than 0.005). A high proportion of seropositive animals was found in three other mammalian species: 4 of 4 black bears (Ursus americanus), 2 of 3 bobcats (Lynx rufus), and 2 of 8 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) tested. Antibodies were found in 8 of the 1,279 avian serums; they were not found in any of the 13 reptilian serums tested. There were no significant geographic variations in antibody prevalence in any species.     

福州动物园野生鸟类多样性的调查研究

2016年4月至2017年3月,采用样线法对福州动物园野生鸟类进行调查,记录鸟的种类和数量,分析鸟类多样性。本次调查共记录鸟类76种,隶属于10目32科。其中,非雀形目鸟类有21种,占总种类数的27.6%,雀形目鸟类55种,占总种类数的72.4%。该地区鸟类α多样性水平较高,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.8303;均匀度也较高,Pielou指数为0.6535。     

福州动物园圈养鸟类肠道寄生虫调查

为调查福州动物园圈养鸟类消化道寄生虫感染情况,采集16种禽类31份粪便样品,应用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,麦克斯特计数法对采集的粪便样本进行虫卵测定。检查结果显示,寄生虫感染阳性样品数有23份,占样品总数的74%。总共检出6种寄生虫感染,按感染例数从大到小排序为:球虫(9例)、吸虫(7例)、绦虫(6例)、线虫(5例)、鞭虫(4例)、纤毛虫(3例)。感染寄生虫的禽类中,孔雀的感染强度最高,EPG为9 150个/g;其次是巨嘴鸟,EPG为4 500个/g;第三是东方白鹳,EPG为3 300个/g。其他鸟类的EPG分布在0~2 100个/g。该调查结果为福州动物园圈养鸟类寄生虫病的防治以及制定科学的驱虫程序提供可靠的依据。     

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibody in wild macropods

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure total antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in serum samples from macropods. The validity of the assay was established by comparing parasite isolation in mice for 17 Tasmanian pademelons (Thylogale billardierii) and 17 Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). The ELISA was then used to detect antibody against T. gondii in serum from 236 macropods, collected from 21 locations in Tasmania, including Flinders Island. Antibody against T. gondii was detected in 20 animals (15 T. billardierii and 5 M. rufogriseus). There was a significant (p less than 0.01) difference in possession of T. gondii antibodies between adult (greater than or equal to 1 year of age) Tasmanian pademelons and Bennett's wallabies.     

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among animals in Algeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals. It is responsible for considerable economic losses in some regions and farming systems. This review aims to synthesize current findings on the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in animal species in Algeria. It was performed according to the recommendations of the PRISMA guideline. A total of 14 papers from 1955 to 2020 were eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis study including a number of 10,187 animals of which 2594 were positive cases (25.46 %) (24.62–26.31 %, 95 %CI). Prevalence of Toxoplasma-infection was 20.04 % in cattle, 22.57 % in sheep, 33.61 % in goats, 28.17 % in horses, 30 % in donkeys, 70.31 % in stray cats, 14.57 % in local rabbits, 30.47 % in dogs and 50.70 % in poultry farms. Adult animals and females were most infected. The highest prevalences were reported in stray cats and poultry. Rabbits were the least infected. This analysis showed a trend of increasing infection since 2015 (R² = 0.129, p > 0.05) which requires further studies to provide better prevention strategies.     

Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and animals

Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite which utilizes felids as definitive hosts, and which has an unusually wide intermediate host range. The parasite was initially described by Nicolle and Manceaux in 1908 from the rodent, Ctenodactylus gundi. Infection with T. gondii is one of the most common parasitic infections of man and other warm-blooded animals. It has been found worldwide from Alaska to Australia. Nearly one-third of humanity has been exposed to this parasite; serologic surveys indicate that T. gondii infections are common in wild carnivores, including pigs, bears, felids, fox, raccoons, and skunks. Clinical and subclinical toxoplasmosis has been reported from wild cervids, ungulates, marsupials, monkeys, and marine mammals. Southern sea otter populations have been severely impacted by Toxoplasma infections.     

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in man and animals in Guangdong, Peoples Republic of China

Tissue and serum samples from animals and man in Guangdong Province of the Peoples Republic of China were examined for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Tissues from 519 swine, 576 rodents, 84 people, one cat and two dogs were bioassayed in mice. T. gondii was isolated from 13 pools of swine tissues, but not from any other hosts. Serum samples from animals and man were examined at 1:64 dilution in the indirect hemagglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 10.4% of 816 pigs, 0.9% of 955 rodents, 0.7% of 3085 people, 4.4% of 90 cattle, 8.3% of 12 rabbits and 2.1% of 47 cats. None were found in 83 buffaloes.     

Toxoplasma gondii infection in Polish farmed mink

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Polish farmed mink according to way of feeding as well as to confirm the role of toxoplasmosis in reproductive losses in mink farms. The serological examinations were carried out on 961 mink randomly selected from 12 Polish farms. Blood sera were examined for the presence of T. gondii antibodies with the use of the latex agglutination test. The examinations for the presence of T. gondii in organ tissues were performed on five neonatal mink kits with the use of immunofluorescence method. In total 133 (13.9%) out of 961 examined mink had T. gondii antibodies. In large farms the seropositivity was lower (2.9%), than in small farms (26.33%) (P < 0.001). Significant difference was found in seroprevalence according to way of feeding. In farms feeding fish, percentage of seropositivity was lower (2.2%), than in farms based on non-frozen slaughter offal (43.4%). Titres of T. gondii antibodies were usually lower than 120 IU/ml. Using the immunofluorescence method, T. gondii was detected in impression smears from liver and brain of two neonatal mink kits derived from one seropositive female.