ABT生根粉对花椒硬枝扦插成活率的影响

研究了ABT1和ABT3生根粉0～200 mg/L浓度浸泡和500 mg/L浓度速蘸处理对花椒粗(8.0±0.5)mm、细(3.0±0.5)mm 2种插条成活的影响,以及100 mg/L ABT3处理后,不同长度(10～50 cm)和不同粗度(3.0±0.5)～(10.0±0.5)mm插条成活率的变化 .结果表明,2种生根粉的最佳处理是用100 mg/L浸泡2 h,但ABT1和ABT3对粗、细插条的效果有差别.ABT的处理效果与插条长度和粗度密切相关,最适宜的插条长度是20 cm,在(3.0±0.5)～(1 0.0±0.5)mm范围内,插条越粗,成活率越高.     

PAM对潮土水分蒸发量的影响

地表蒸发引起土壤水的散失是造成作物低产的重要原因之一。PAM 是众多保水剂中一种,其具有超强的吸水和保水能力,能够抑制土壤水分的蒸发,增加土壤含水量,增强土壤持水功能,对沙质土壤水分的调控具有重要作用。本文以分布于重庆三峡库区的潮土为研究对象,研究不同剂量、不同剂型的PAM对土壤蒸发量的影响,以期为农业灌溉上PAM的推广应用提供理论依据。研究结果显示：PAM能抑制土壤水分的蒸发。对不同剂量的PAM处理,潮土累计蒸发量较对照减少2.37%～12.459%;以200mg/kg抗蒸发效果最为明显。对同分子量不同电荷密度剂型的PAM处理,冷沙黄泥累计蒸发量较对照减小7.34%～17.81%,以30%抗蒸发效果最好,对同电荷密度不同分子量剂型的PAM处理,潮土累计蒸发量分别较对照减小12.25%～18.53%;以1000万的PAM抗蒸发效果最为明显。     

不同种衣剂和温度处理对棉花出苗率和苗病率的影响

2002—2003年,由于气候原因,河南省棉区棉花出苗和苗病问题严重。通过研究温度和种衣剂对棉种的作用,找出解决棉花出苗问题的途径。在适和温度条件下,用卫福,华农,多菌灵,适时乐四种种衣剂对棉种的毛籽和硫酸脱绒籽进行处理。通过各处理的出苗率、病苗率、死苗率和出苗时间的调查,找出最佳处理。结果表明,用卫福种衣剂在温度为27℃时处理棉种的效果最好。     

不同处理对棉种发芽率的效应

通过对新陆早10号棉种不同处理的分析，结果表明，以硫酸脱绒的棉种在55℃温水中浸种30min后，沥去多余水分，放在4层干燥的毛贝中闷种4h后置于砂床，在35℃的温度下进行发芽，较标准的棉种发芽方法发芽迅速，整齐，安全，能够在较短的时间内测定种子批的最大发芽潜力，且操作简便，易于掌握。     

种衣剂处理棉种新技术

种衣剂这一新技术,在西方发达国家早应用于生产。我国用种衣剂处理棉种,经过九年试验效果比较明显,现正在示范推广中。为了使这一新技术尽快应用于生产,转变为生产力,现就仅有的资料整理如下,供大家参考。一、种衣剂处理棉种的概念种衣剂处理棉种,就是将杀虫剂、杀菌剂和粘着剂配成种衣糊剂,用包衣机或手工操作     

ABT生根粉在固沙造林中的应用

在河西沙漠绿洲边缘风沙危害重点区,为了提高流动沙丘的造林成活率,以达到防治风沙危害、保护和恢复绿洲边缘植被以及改善生态环境的目的,研究选用沙生植物沙拐枣、花棒、梭梭一年生苗木,分别采用ABT生根粉50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg和500mg/kg不同浓度水平进行处理,以不处理的作为对照（CK）,在流动沙丘进行造林对比试验,结果得出3种沙生植物经ABT生根粉处理的树种造林成活率明显高于各自不处理的成活率。其中沙拐枣和花棒两种树种经ABT生根粉150mg/kg浓度处理林成活率最高分别达到了98.462%和81.429%。并且经ABT生根粉处理的造林树种与未处理对照造林树种相比有明显地增加根系数量及对高生长有显著影响作用。梭梭用ABT生根粉处理的造林试验,经调查数据分析显示200 mg/kg浓度处理成活率高于其它水平处理及未处理的对照。     

光辐射处理棉种对棉花出苗和产量的影响初报

光辐射处理棉种初步结果表明，一定的光辐射剂量处理棉花种子，可提高出苗率，促进苗期棉花生长，增加单株铃数和单铃重，增产作用明显，可作为精量播种的一项配套技术。     

种子包衣技术与效果

种子包衣是实现种子标准化、商品化的一项内容,是节约用种,防治病虫害,减少地面喷药,省工、省钱、增加产量的有效措施。为推广这一新技术,河北省连续3年对棉花、玉米、花生3种作物种子进行了包衣试验,并对包衣棉种进行了大面积示范,收到了较好的效果。一、基本情况 3年来共加工包衣种49950公斤,其中种衣剂1号处理棉种49800     

棉种发芽速测法

棉花种子具有坚厚的种皮,收获又是分批采收,成熟度参差不齐,种子休眠期长短也不一致.棉种播种后,田间往往出现缺苗断垄.2001年山东部分春播棉田造成翻种情况就是实例.然而,休眠棉种并非不发芽的种子,只要进行一定的技术处理(如曝晒等),也能做到一播全苗.因此,在短时间内判断一批棉种的真实发芽率,正确处理棉种,对棉花播种非常重要.多年实践证明:"棉种发芽速测法"是快速准确测定棉种发芽率的一种行之有效的方法.     

不同处理方法测定棉花种子水分试验

不同处理方法测定棉花种子水分试验四川省绵阳市种子公司（６２１０００）苗建伟魏东棉花种子的含水量在种子贮藏工作中显得十分重要，是影响棉种质量的重要因素。测定棉种水分时对棉种进行切片处理，这在实际检测工作中存在三方面的问题：一是切片过程中样品在空气中暴露...     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.