小扁豆核型的比较分析

采用去壁低渗火焰干燥法制备小扁豆染色体标本观察其核型,结果表明,绿小扁豆和红不扁豆的核型公式均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１６ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ＳＡＴ）,两种小扁豆的核型类型都是３Ｂ,染色体相对长度系数组成均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝４Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋６Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,二者主要在第７号染色体臂比和２号染色体大小方面有明显差异。     

冬小麦丰抗13缺体系和双单体系研究

冬小麦丰抗１３缺体系和双单体系研究孙荣锦杨之刚（中国农业科学院作物所，北京１０００８１）１丰抗１３缺体系小麦染色体组成是２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２，小麦缺体是２ｎ－２＝４０，即缺少了某对染色体的单株，称缺体株。它的减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型是２０″即２０个二价体...     

棉属野生种稀毛棉、皱壳棉、杨叶棉的核型研究

本文研究了原产澳大利亚的稀毛棉（Ｇ．ｐｉｌｏｓｕｍ）、皱壳棉（Ｇ．ｃｏｓｔｕｌａｔｕｍ）、杨叶棉（Ｇ．ｐｏｐｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ）的核型。稀毛棉的核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋１０ｓｍ，皱壳棉为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋１０ｓｍ，杨叶棉为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋８ｓｍ。随体均有两对，一对位于第１１对染色体的长臂上，另一对位于第１３对染色体的短臂上。平均臂比和长度比分别为稀毛棉１．５３和２．５１、皱壳棉１．５５和２．３１、杨叶棉１．４９和２．３７，其核型均属于Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的２Ｂ类型。对称系数稀毛棉为２６．０４，皱壳棉为２７．９３，杨叶棉为２８．３２。三者彼此之间的核型重合率均在９０％以上。核型的同质性说明三者在起源上有很好的一致性     

玉米各亚种的核型研究

研究了玉米８个亚种，２个亚型的核型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２０，主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成，第６对染色体短臂均具随体。但臂比值不同，可区分为Ａ１（ｍ染色体）、Ａ２（ｓｍ）、Ａ３（ｓｔ）三类。在核型中具中部着丝点染色体的数目，罕见栽培或原始类型多于广泛栽培的类型。玉米各亚种的核型进化的趋势是由对称向不对称方向发展。     

甘蓝型油菜-埃塞俄比亚芥二体附加系植株形态及细胞学鉴定

从甘蓝型油菜品种“３－６３－４－５－１”与埃塞俄比亚芥品种“Ｄｏｄｏｌｌａ”杂种Ｆ１植株开放受粉获得的Ｆ２群体中筛选出一株半不育、矮杆、甘蓝型油菜类型植株，经连续４个世代自交、分离鉴定出一个二体附加系“９２Ｉ１０９６”。细胞学观察结果，其根尖细胞染色体数２ｎ＝４０，比其母本甘蓝型油菜（２ｎ＝３８）多两条额外染色体。花粉母细胞（ＰＭＣｓ）减数分裂中期（ＭＩ）染色体构型平均为０．４７Ｉ＋１９．７７Ⅱ，     

棉属[AG]与[AD]两个复合染色体组种间杂种的同工酶与核型研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对人工合成的［ＡＧ］复合染色体组的异源四倍体与［ＡＤ］复合染色体组的陆地棉、海岛棉、夏威夷棉、黄褐棉的种间杂种Ｆ１及其亲本进行了过氧化物酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶分析，并对三元杂种［Ａ２×Ｇ１］ ×［ＡＤ］１及其亲本进行了核型分析。结果表明：（１）异源四倍体的基因转移到了杂种后代，并得以表达；（ ２）三元杂种［Ａ２ × Ｇ１］ ×［ＡＤ］１的核型公式为 ２ｎ＝ ４ｘ＝ ５２＝ ２Ｍ ＋ ４４ｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ），属于１Ｂ类型。     

节水高产的旱地优良品种晋麦47号

节水高产的旱地优良品种晋麦４７号山西省农科院小麦研究所（临汾０４１０００）乔蕊清晋麦４７号是山西省农科院棉花所用“１２０５７”作母本与省小麦所培育的优良基因结合体“旱５２２／Ｋ３７－２０”作父本，聚种间、地理与生态的２１个品种之亲缘经杂交系统选育而成...     

晋麦47号小麦

晋麦４７号小麦１品种来源：由山西省农科院棉花研究所于１９８５年以“１２０５７”作母本、“旱５２２×Ｋ３７－２０”作父本杂交选育而成。原名“运旱９１－１５”，１９９５年４月经山西省农作物品种审定委员会通过审定。２　特征特性：　幼苗半匍匐，株型紧凑，叶片...     

青海省家驴染色体核型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法和常规染色体制备分析技术，对青海省家驴染色体核型进行了研究分析。结果表明：家驴染色体数目为２ｎ＝６２，常染色体形态类型为１６ｓＴ＋１４ｓＭ＋１４Ｍ＋１６Ｔ，性染色体类型Ｘ为ｓＭ，Ｙ为Ｔ，公母驴染色体核型式为６２，ＸＹ和６２，ＸＸ；染色体总臂数为ＮＦ＝１０７（♂），１０８（♀）。     

利用人工合成甘蓝型油菜建立白菜—甘蓝附加系

采用白菜子房培养和甘蓝胚培养方法得到了带有标记性状的白菜和甘蓝种间杂种，并将这些人工合成甘蓝型油菜回交于白菜，得到３１个白菜－甘蓝单体附加系（２ｎ＝２１），和１８个双体附加系（２ｎ＝２２），为进一步对附加染色体上的所载基因定位奠定了基础。此外，还研究了附加甘蓝染色体对雄笥和雌性育性的影响，结果表明，白菜中附加甘蓝染色体可明显降低育性，特别是可显著降低附加系的自交和杂交结实率。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

紫玉米不同组配方式的花青素含量及产量比较

以18个玉米自交系组配成的16个紫玉米杂交组合为试验材料,研究不同组配方式配制的紫玉米籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗花青素含量及花青素产量。结果表明:(1)不同组配方式的紫玉米籽粒花青素含量、籽粒产量及籽粒花青素产量差异均较大。深紫玉米×深紫玉米,花青素含量最高;深紫非糯玉米×糯玉米,籽粒产量最高;深紫玉米×深紫玉米,籽粒花青素产量最高。(2)深紫玉米×深紫玉米,穗轴花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫苞叶×深紫苞叶,紫玉米苞叶花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫雄穗×深紫雄穗,紫玉米雄穗花青素含量、花青素产量最高。(3)穗轴花青素含量与籽粒花青素含量呈极显著正相关;雄穗花青素含量与苞叶花青素含量呈极显著正相关。(4)紫玉米花青素总产量(籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗)为:深紫×深紫>深紫×浅紫>非紫×深紫>浅紫×非紫;籽粒花青素产量对总花青素产量贡献最大。