德国肉用美利奴羊与兴安细毛羊杂交一代产肉性能的研究

利用德国肉用美利奴羊为父本，改良兴安细毛羊的产肉性能，通过德兴F1杂交后代产肉性能的测定，增重效果极显著，德兴F1杂交后代肉质鲜嫩上膘快，在自然放牧条件下，6月龄平均日增重达225g，达到德国肉用美利奴品种标准；6月龄公羔较兴安细毛羊公羔体重高5．7kg，提高了14．18％；18月龄体重高4．4kg，提高7．93％，经显著性检验，差异显著（P＜０．０１）；胴体重较兴安细毛羊６月龄和１８月龄分别高４．１kg和４．０９kg，分别提高２５．０３％和１６．２１％，经显著性检验，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；净肉重较兴安细毛羊６月龄和１８月龄分别高４．１３kg和３．７４kg,分别提高３３．７１％和１７．９８％，经显著性检验，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

6月龄德美×内细F2与内蒙古细毛羊羔羊屠宰性能对比

为探讨德国美利奴羊与内蒙古细毛羊杂交F2公羔的产肉性能和经济效益,对6月龄德美×内细杂交F2公羔和内蒙古细毛羊公羔进行了屠宰对比试验。结果表明:德美×内细F2公羔平均活重、胴体重、净肉重较同月龄内蒙古细毛羊分别增加了5.97、4.19和3.35 kg,分别提高21.36%、34.26%和37.35%;屠宰率和净肉率分别提高10.65%和13.24%,且差异均极显著(P<0.01)。说明德国美利奴羊与内蒙古细毛羊杂交能显著提高产肉性能。     

6月龄德美×内细F_2与内蒙古细毛羊羔羊屠宰性能对比

为探讨德国美利奴羊与内蒙古细毛羊杂交F2公羔的产肉性能和经济效益,对6月龄德美×内细杂交F2公羔和内蒙古细毛羊公羔进行了屠宰对比试验。结果表明：德美×内细F2公羔平均活重、胴体重、净肉重较同月龄内蒙古细毛羊分别增加了5.97、4.19和3.35 kg,分别提高21.36%、34.26%和37.35%;屠宰率和净肉率分别提高10.65%和13.24%,且差异均极显著（P〈0.01）。说明德国美利奴羊与内蒙古细毛羊杂交能显著提高产肉性能。     

无角陶赛特羊杂交青海半细毛羊一代屠宰试验

利用无角陶赛特羊为父本.青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛羊(以下简称半细毛羊)为母本，进行杂交试验，经对陶半细F1的测定.增重效果极显著。陶半细F1生长发育快，上膘快.肉质鲜嫩.在自然放牧条件下.7月龄平均日增重达102.9g；7月龄公羔较半细毛羊公羔体重高4.17kg.提高了16.57%,差异极显著(P＜0.01)；胴体重较青海半细毛羊7月龄高1.71kg.提高17.85％.差异显著(P＜0.05)；净肉重较青半细毛羊7月龄高1.4kg.提高21.21％.差异极显著(P＜0.01)。     

南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交羔羊屠宰性能和肉品质测定

为了探讨南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊的杂交效果,试验分4组(I组:南非肉用美利奴羊×甘肃高山细毛羊♀F1(简称南甘F1)公羔;II组:南甘F1母羔;III组:甘肃高山细毛羊公羔;IV组:甘肃高山细毛羊母羔)对其6月龄屠宰性能和肉品质进行测定。结果表明:南甘F1羔羊宰前重、胴体重、净肉重、骨重均高于甘肃高山细毛羊,且杂交一代公羔最高(P0.01);南甘F1公羔GR值和眼肌面积分别达1.67 cm和11.56 cm2;甘肃高山细毛羊公羔肉色评分最高,其次为南甘F1公羔,且显著高于南甘F1母羔和甘肃高山细毛羊母羔(P0.05);失水率、p H1值、p H24值各组间均差异不显著(P0.05);南甘F1公羔粗蛋白含量显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊母羔(P0.05),其他各组间均差异不显著(P0.05);甘肃高山细毛羊母羔粗脂肪含量显著高于杂交一代公羔和甘肃高山细毛羊公羔(P0.05)。综上所述,南非肉用美利奴羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交后代羔羊肉用性能好,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

无角陶赛特羊与鄂尔多斯细毛羊杂交一代公羔在完全放牧条件下育肥试验

试验数据显示,无角陶赛特公羊与低产鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊杂交一代公羔平均日增重为196.8 g,分别比鄂尔多斯细毛羊公羔和滩羊公羔高48.5 g和56.5 g,比较差异极显著.陶细F1 的屠宰率、净肉率和瘦肉重比鄂尔多斯细毛羊公羔分别高4.68%、6.78%和7.00%,比滩羊公羔分别高7.11%、9.70%和22.91%,比较差异极显著.初步认为无角陶赛特肉用种羊是生产优质肉杂羔羊和培育肉羊新品种的理想父本.     

萨福克对贵州半细毛羊肉用性能的影响

为探索以贵州半细毛羊为母本、专用肉羊为父本生产肉用羊的可行性,课题组在威宁县雪山镇开展萨福克羊与贵州半细毛羊杂交后代羊育肥试验。结果表明:杂交羊6月龄、9月龄体重极显著高于贵州半细毛羊(P0.01),分别高8.56kg、14.57kg;6~9月龄杂交羊日增重极显著高于贵州半细毛羊。宰前重、胴体重分别高10.86kg、4.55kg,差异极显著(P0.01);净肉重高3.36kg,差异显著(P0.05);屠宰率和净肉率分别低0.90和0.65百分点,但差异不显著(P≥0.05)。     

肉羊三元杂交效果观测

试验以产肉性能良好的陶赛特羊公羊、特克塞尔羊公羊、白头萨福克羊公羊及南非美利奴种公羊为父本,甘肃高山细毛羊母羊为母本,所产F1母羊与小尾寒羊公羊进行三元杂交,观察其生产性能,筛选出适合高寒山区的三元杂交组合。结果表明:陶细寒、萨细寒、南细寒三元杂交羔羊初生重与断奶重均显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊(P0.05);特细寒三元杂交公羔与母羔的初生重分别比甘肃高山细毛羊公羔高41.27%和36.45%,且均差异极显著(P0.01),断奶重显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊(P0.05)。4组三元杂交羔羊6月龄胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率均显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊(P0.05)。说明三元杂交羔羊生长发育快,屠宰成绩高,杂交优势明显。     

澳洲白、杜泊羊与湖羊杂交一代公羔肉用性能与品质研究

为研究澳洲白与湖羊杂交一代(AHF_1)、杜泊与湖羊杂交一代(DHF_1)公羔4、6月龄的肉用性能及品质,该试验以澳洲白♂×湖羊♀(AH)、杜泊♂×湖羊♀(DH)和湖羊♂×湖羊♀(HH)选配方案分为3组,对每组25只经产母羊所产公羔直线育肥,在4、6月龄每组随机抽取相同数量公羔屠宰,测定屠宰性能和胴体品质。结果表明:0～4月龄公羔AHF_1、DHF_1比HH日增重分别高58.73 g和60.55 g, 4月龄体重分别高7.91 kg(P0.01)、7.83 kg(P0.01),净肉率分别高0.21%(P0.05)和3.89%(P0.01),眼肌面积大3.37 cm~2(P0.01)和4.05 cm~2(P0.01),骨肉比分别高4.58%和27.48%,GR值分别高0.82 mm(P0.05)和4.92 mm(P0.01);6月龄AHF_1、DHF_1与HH相比,净肉率极显著提高(P0.01),骨肉比分别高16.27%和24.00%,眼肌面积分别大1.24 cm~2(P0.05)和2.62 cm~2(P0.01),AHF_1、DHF_1之间基本接近。因此,用澳洲白、杜泊绵羊经济杂交湖羊可显著改善后代公羔的育肥、屠宰性能和胴体品质;4月龄DHF_1公羔屠宰性能优于AHF_1、HH;6月龄AHF_1、DHF_1公羔屠宰性能相当,但极显著好于HH(P0.01),基于甘肃肉羊市场,DHF_1、AHF_1适宜屠宰年龄为4.0～4.5月龄、体重达到35 kg左右。     

杂交肉用细毛羊肉用性能分析

分析了RomillyHills肉用细毛羊与中国美利奴羊 (ChinaMerino)杂交一代公羔出生到 2月龄的生长发育 ,2～ 5月龄育肥效果和羊肉品质。结果表明 :在农区集约化生产方式下 ,R×C一代公羔初生重比中国美利奴羊高 0 44kg ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5) ;2月龄、 5月龄的活重和日增重分别高于中国美利奴羊 3 1 0kg、 5 94kg和 48g、 32g (P <0 0 1 )。胸围、胸宽和十字部宽均极显著高于中国美利奴羊 (P <0 0 1 ) ,胸深显著高于中国美利奴羊 (P <0 0 5)。R×C一代公羔比中国美利奴羊胴体重、净肉重分别高 4 90kg和 3 94kg (P <0 0 1 ) ;屠宰率和净肉率分别高4 2 5 %和 3 9% (P <0 0 5) ;后腿、腰肉重占胴体重百分比高 8 39% (P <0 0 1 ) ;眼肌面积和GR值分别高 2 80cm2 和 0 55mm (P <0 0 5) ;肌内脂肪含量低 2 40 % (P <0 0 5)。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。