许氏平鲉人工配合饲料投喂试验

许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf),原称黑鲪(Sebstodes fusence),是肉食性鱼类,目前多用小杂鱼来喂养,给饵费时费力,并且长期投喂鲜杂鱼,易造成养殖鱼种营养缺乏症,降低养殖成活率。而人工配合饲料不仅可以解决上述问题,而且能使许氏平鲉的养殖更趋集约化。为此,我们进行了许氏平鲉配合饲料的投喂试验,现报告如下。     

深水抗风浪网箱养殖许氏平鲉技术研究

为探讨在连云港地区采用深水抗风浪网箱养殖许氏平鲉的可行性,在海州湾中部人工鱼礁区进行了网箱养殖许氏平鲉试验.结果表明,在10.1、19.7 kg/m2两种密度条件下,许氏平鲉的成活率分别为84.67％和79.70％,平均体质量分别增长了43.0％和50.3％.在自然条件下采用深水抗风浪网箱养殖许氏平鲉能够顺利越冬,越冬期间体质量平均增加了35 g/尾,增长率为16.1％.     

海水网箱养殖许氏平鲉本尼登虫病的流行病学调查

许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)隶属鲉形目,鲉科,平鲉属,又称"黑鲪"、"黑寨"、"黑石鲈"、"黑头",分布于北太平洋西部,我国东海、黄海和渤海均有分布,由于具有苗种来源广、抗病力较强、耐低温、生长速度快等特点,目前已成为我国北方重要的海水网箱养殖鱼类之一。然而,随着许氏平鲉养殖规模的不断扩大,养殖环境日趋恶化,病害问题已逐渐成为制约该产业发展的     

池塘网箱养殖乌鳢试验

在宿鸭湖水库管理局水产试验场进行了池塘网箱养殖乌鳢试验。试验池面积16亩,设置6×11×2米单层聚乙烯网箱13只,箱内放乌鳢种3.2万尾,池内放其它鱼类21600尾,至年底共收获乌鳢31468.7公斤,其它鱼类12157.2万公斤,产值47.5万元,利润27万元,投入产出比1∶2.3。     

网箱养殖罗非鱼试验

1996年在郑州市西流湖北湖进行网箱养殖罗非鱼试验,设置网箱3只,总面积75平方米,投放鱼种1066公斤,成活率为96％。共出箱商品鱼5597公斤,平均每平方米产鱼74.6公斤。饵料系数2.12。1 材料和方法1.1 网箱设置:采用3×3聚乙烯编织的结节网,双层套合使用,外层网目3厘米,无盖网,内层网目2.5厘米,有盖网,网箱规格为5×5     

网箱养殖彩虹鲷技术

１９９９年笔者在陕西省西安市霸桥区高桥村鲸鱼沟水库网箱养殖彩虹鲷，养殖面积为 ９００ ｍ２，经５个月上市，平均成活率为８０％，平均每亩单产３３．３万ｋｇ，每亩净收益１９．８９万元。现将有关技术总结如下：１ 网箱制作与设置１．１ 网箱制作 网箱由聚乙烯材料制成的网线编结而成，为 ３ ｍ×３ ｍ×１．５ ｍ的有盖有结节网箱。框架为松木方条，框架四角用螺栓和锚钉加固。以泡沫浮桶或铁桶为浮子，支撑整个网箱框架。沉子用砖块，结于网箱下纲四角。网箱通过纲绳或锚固定。盖网中间留一直径为８０ｃｍ的圆形孔作为投饵窗。网箱…     

网箱养殖许氏平鲉疾病的国内外研究进展

许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli )是我国主要的海水网箱养殖种类之一.近年来,随着养殖规模的不断扩大,病害日益严重,威胁着该产业的发展.国外对于许氏平鲉病害的研究比较多,我国相应的研究报道较少.本文将结合国内外有关报道,对许氏平鲉的主要疾病整理如下,以期为疾病研究和健康养殖提供参考.     

湖泊网箱养殖青鱼技术初探

青鱼又名青鲩、黑鲩，是温和型肉食性鱼类。该鱼肉味鲜美，营养丰富，深受广大消费者喜爱。然而，长期以来青鱼只作为池塘搭养品种，产量较低，不能满足市场需求。 1999～ 2000年，我们进行了湖泊网箱养殖青鱼的试验，取得了较好效果，现总结如下。 　　一、材料方法 　　1.网箱场地网箱设计在沅江市郊国营琼湖渔场的上琼湖，该湖面积 90公顷，常年水深 3～ 5米，水体透明度 50～ 60厘米， pH值 7～ 8，无污染，是敞水性中型湖泊。 　　2.网箱设置试验网箱 1口，采用 3× 3聚乙烯网片编制而成，网目内层大 2. 5厘米、外层 3厘米，箱口设…     

花Hua网箱养殖技术

花Hua(Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker)隶属于鲤科、鮈亚科，太湖盛产此鱼，俗称“季鱼”、“季郎鱼”、“鸡骨郎”。年产量约占全湖渔获量的2％。是我国主要淡水水域常见的一种中小型经济鱼类。湖泊花Hua资源日益减少。不能满足市场需要；目前在江浙沪市场价格比较高，是淡水鱼中极少数价格达到20元，500g以上的品种：将是今后几年最热门的养殖品种之一。目前国内网箱养殖太湖花Hua成鱼在起步阶段．因此开展网箱养殖技术的研究。对于农业产业结构调整、新品种开发利用、保护天然野生花Hua资源都十分有益。     

小体积高密度网箱养殖罗非鱼试验

广东省地处热带、亚热带，气候温暖。全省共有山塘水库及湖泊面积250多万亩。发展网箱养殖潜力很大。为了探索小体积高密度网箱养鱼和使用不含鱼粉的配合饲料饲养罗非鱼的效果，今年我们承担了美国大豆协会小网箱养殖罗非鱼试验项目。该项目于花都市赤坭镇三坑水库进行，试验从5月12日开始至9月27日结果，养殖时间136天。现将试验情况总结报告如下。     

许氏平鲉的生物学特征及其人工养殖

本文综述了许氏平鲉的生态特征,摄食与生长、繁殖习性等生物学特征。介绍了亲鱼选择、人工培育及病害防治技术。     

Long-term evaluation of extruded diets compared with raw fish moist diet for growing Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

A long‐term experiment was conducted in sea cages to compare three experimental extruded pellet (EP) diets with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). White fishmeal (WFM), soybean meal (SM) and fishmeal analogue (BAIFA‐M?)‐based experimental EP diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with 50% crude protein (CP) with available energy of 16.7 kJ g^?1 diet. An MP diet made of 80% frozen horse mackerel + 20% commercial binder meal was also included in the experiment. The proportions of the major protein ingredients in three experimental EP diets were as follows: WFM diet, 100% WFM; SM diet, 70% WFM + 30% SM; BAIFA‐M? diet, 70% WFM + 30% BAIFA‐M?. The experiment was divided into three periods according to fish size: period I, initial weight of 20.2 ± 3.6 g (mean ± SD); period II, initial weight of 57.6 ± 4.7 g (mean ± SD); period III, initial weight of 96.3 ± 6.9 g (mean ± SD). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, thermal‐unit growth coefficient, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, or haematocrit among fish that were fed the four diets during all three periods. However, fish that were fed the MP diet had a lower survival rate than the fish that were fed the other three EP diets for all periods. These results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow‐out stage of production of Korean rockfish without adverse effects on growth performance.     

Responses of cypermethrin-induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

An increasing number of synthetic pyrethroids are used as an environmental friendly substitute of organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides. Pesticide pollution in the coastal ecosystem of Korea is considered to be a cause of slow growth and prevalence of diseases in commercial fishes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast techniques to detect insecticide toxicities. In the present work the results of rapid and inexpensive laboratory experiments show the patho‐physiological alteration of blood parameters to sublethal concentration of pyrethroid insecticide (cypermethrin) in the commercially important Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Cypermethrin‐exposed fish showed erythropenia, low haematocrit and haemoglobin content and hyperglycemia, especially for long‐term exposure at high concentrations. Cypermethrin caused increased levels of serum glutamic‐acid‐oxylacetic‐acid‐transaminase, glutamic‐acid‐pyruvic‐acid‐transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, concomitant with a decreased concentration of chloride ion and blood serum osmolality, indicating the disruptive activity of cypermethrin after 8 weeks exposure. Moreover, reduced level of serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, lysozyme activity and significantly higher level of glucose, bilirubin and malondialdehyde were measured and attributed to an increased demand for energy by fish under stress to cope with detrimental conditions imposed by chronic exposure to the toxicant.     

Attractiveness of various protein sources to juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli,Hilgendorf 1880)

ABSTRACT

The attractiveness of various protein sources of 16 feed ingredients was determined in juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) by using reinforced acrylic tank composed of three equally divided rectangular attracting chambers and an acclimatization chamber. Thirty fish were held in the acclimatization chamber at a time and tournament comparison of feed ingredients was applied to evaluate attractiveness. Jack mackerel (JM) (40.0%), sardine (SM) (33.3%), Pollack (PM) (40.0%), shrimp (SHM) (36.7%), mussel meal (40.0%) and oyster (43.3%) meals achieved the highest feeding attractiveness to rockfish in the 1^st through 6^th preliminary test, respectively. JM (40.0%), SHM (36.7%), squid meal (SQM) (33.3%), SM (40.3%), PM (40.0%) and PM (36.7%) achieved the highest feeding attractiveness to fish in the 7^th through 12^th preliminary test, respectively. Among the top five feed ingredients showing high attractiveness to rockfish, JM achieved higher attractiveness than PM and SHM in the 1^st trial. In the 2^nd trial, attractiveness of JM to rockfish was higher than SM and SQM. SM achieved higher attractiveness to rockfish than SQM, but not different from PM throughout the 30-min observation in the 3^rd trial. The strongest feeding attractant response of rockfish was observed in JM, followed by SM, SQM, PM, and SHM, in order among various feed ingredients.     

Effect of dietary cadmium on growth and haematological parameters of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

Experiments were carried out to investigate the growth and haematological parameters in juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, exposed to sub‐chronic dietary cadmium (Cd) (0, 0.5, 5, 25, and 125 mg kg^?1) for 60 days. The daily growth rates of weight and length of the rockfish were significantly different from control, and a significant inverse relationship was observed between weight gain and the exposure concentration of dietary Cd at 25 and 125 mg kg^?1 (P<0.05). Glucose in serum was also increased significantly (P<0.05). The concentration of total protein in serum was significantly lower than control at 5, 25, and 125 mg kg^?1. No differences were observed in serum calcium concentration. The magnesium concentration in serum was increased significantly with dietary Cd concentration.     

Dietary methionine requirement for juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

A 65‐day growth trial was conducted at 19.5 °C to determine the optimal dietary methionine for juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Semipurified diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Fish meal was used as intact protein source and crystal amino acid was used as a part of dietary protein. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 5.8, 10.8, 15.8, 20.8, 25.8 and 30.8 g kg⁻¹ dietary methionine. The results showed that dietary methionine significantly affected specific growth rate, weight gain, food conversion ratio, protein productive value (PPV), energy retention efficiency, carcass index and body composition. No significant difference was found in hepatosomatic index. The dietary methionine requirement for maximum growth was 13.7 g kg⁻¹ dry matter or 28.0 g kg⁻¹ of dietary protein when cystine content was 1.2 g kg⁻¹ dry matter.     

盐度胁迫对许氏平鲇血液免疫酶活力的影响

研究了急性、慢性盐度胁迫对许氏平鲇体重及血液免疫相关酶活力的影响。慢性盐度胁迫实验表明，在盐度5的水体中，许氏平鲇体重增长率为负值，其余各盐度组（10、20、40）的生长指标与自然海水组（盐度33）差异不显著（P〉0．05）；随海水盐度的降低，许氏平鲇的溶茵酶活力逐渐上升，但当盐度降至5时，其活力与自然海水组无显著性差异；血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力随海水盐度降低呈逐渐上升趋势。急性盐度胁迫实验证实，在盐度5、10的急性胁迫初期，许氏平鲇血液的各项免疫酶活力波动较大。溶菌酶活力在胁迫24h时达到峰值，之后逐渐下降；血液SoD活力在96h检测过程中呈高低起伏变化趋势；血液CAT活力在胁迫初期持续降低，12h后逐步稳定在较低水平，显著低于胁迫前血液CAT活力（P〈0．05）。     

盐度胁迫对许氏平鲉血液免疫酶活力的影响

研究了急性、慢性盐度胁迫对许氏平鲉体重及血液免疫相关酶活力的影响。慢性盐度胁迫实验表明,在盐度5的水体中,许氏平鲉体重增长率为负值,其余各盐度组(10、20、40)的生长指标与自然海水组(盐度33)差异不显著(P>0·05);随海水盐度的降低,许氏平鲉的溶菌酶活力逐渐上升,但当盐度降至5时,其活力与自然海水组无显著性差异;血液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力随海水盐度降低呈逐渐上升趋势。急性盐度胁迫实验证实,在盐度5、10的急性胁迫初期,许氏平鲉血液的各项免疫酶活力波动较大。溶菌酶活力在胁迫24h时达到峰值,之后逐渐下降;血液SOD活力在96h检测过程中呈高低起伏变化趋势;血液CAT活力在胁迫初期持续降低,12h后逐步稳定在较低水平,显著低于胁迫前血液CAT活力(P<0·05)。     

Effect of enriched live feeds on survival and growth rates in larval Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf

High mortality frequently occurs in larval mass production of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf. Nutritional deficiencies in live feeds, rotifers and Artemia nauplii, fed to larvae could be a reason. A series of experiments was carried out to evaluate the effect of nutritional enrichment of live feeds by ω‐yeast, Spirulina powder and Super Selco^TM on survival and growth rates in rockfish larvae. Preference of rockfish larvae for the live feeds was determined by analysis of stomach contents. In addition, the effect of green water produced by the use of Chlorella ellipsoidea and Spirulina powder on the growth performance of larvae was evaluated. Larvae fed rotifers nutritionally enriched with Super Selco showed significantly higher survival rates than those fed rotifers enriched with ω‐yeast. Larvae fed rotifers that were nutritionally enriched with both Super Selco and Spirulina together exhibited improved growth and survival rates. Larvae fed Artemia nauplii nutritionally enriched with Spirulina powder showed significantly higher survival than larvae fed Artemia nauplii without enrichment. When larvae were fed rotifers, Artemia nauplii or the mixture of rotifers and Artemia nauplii, the second and last group showed significantly higher survival than the first group. Fatty acid composition in live feeds was improved by enrichment of ω‐yeast and larvae fed this feed showed higher survival and growth rates compared with larvae fed non‐enriched feeds. No positive effect of green water in the tank produced with C. ellipsoidea or Spirulina powder was observed on survival and growth rates for larvae fed nutritionally enriched rotifers with Super Selco and Spirulina powder. However, when the larvae were fed Artemia nauplii that were nutritionally enriched with ω‐yeast and Spirulina powder, green water obtained by adding Spirulina powder to the tanks resulted in significantly higher growth rates of larvae than was obtained by adding C. ellipsoidea.     

摄食促进物质对许氏平鲉摄食和生长的影响 不同地理群体星突江鲽养殖子一代群体遗传多样性分析

以初始体重为49．83±．17g的许氏平鲇Sebastesschlegeli为实验对象,进行为期30d的摄食生长实验。共配制6种等氮等能饲料,其中5种饲料以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源（豆粕蛋白替代30％的鱼粉蛋白）配制出基础饲料,分别在基础饲料中不添加摄食促进物质和添加0．3％的商品诱食剂、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭（DMPT）、甜菜碱和柠檬酸配制成5种豆粕替代饲料,其余1种为鱼粉不替代饲料作为对照组,研究摄食促进物质对许氏平鲇摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,当豆粕取代饲料中添加甜菜碱和柠檬酸时,许氏平铀的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率以及肝脏、肠胰蛋白酶活力都显著高于不添加摄食促进物质组（P〈0．05）;当不添加摄食促进物质时,摄食率显著低于鱼粉不替代组（P〈O．05）;而添加DMPT、甜菜碱和柠檬酸时,摄食率与鱼粉不替代组比较没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;肝体指数都明显地低于鱼粉不替代组。结果表明,豆粕替代30％的鱼粉蛋白时,添加0．3％的甜菜碱或柠檬酸能够显著提高许氏平鲇幼鱼对饲料的摄食率和生长率。