沿海地区棉田捕食性天敌种群动态及其保护利用

通过１０多年系统调查棉田捕食性天敌及棉铃虫卵的消长动态，与８０年代相比，９０年代棉田捕食性天敌种类和数量锐减，种群结构发生变化，增殖速率十分缓慢。相关分析表明，化学农药使用次数增加是棉田天敌下降的主要原因，其次是气候条件，此外，农药品种的变化对天敌也有较大影响。对比分析棉铃虫与天敌系统调查资料，得出棉田天敌的控制期、药剂的控制期和天敌的保护期，为保护利用天敌和药控棉铃虫相协调提供科学依据。     

两种茶树害虫及其主要天敌的种群消长动态研究

采用定点定时采样,分别对茶尺蠖、假眼小绿叶蝉及其主要天敌进行调查。结果表明:茶尺蠖、假眼小绿叶蝉在8月初和9月初形成2个虫口高峰,茶园中蜘蛛与寄生蜂种群对茶尺蠖和假眼小绿叶蝉种群有明显的跟随效应。     

色板和茶蚜性信息素对茶园天敌草蛉的引诱效应

在秋季草蛉盛发时节,开展了芽绿、土黄、墨绿、素馨黄、果绿、橘黄、大红、桃红、湖蓝、紫色、天蓝和纯白等12种色板和7种茶蚜性信息素制剂对茶园天敌草蛉的引诱试验.结果表明,供试12种色板对草蛉的引诱力以芽绿、土黄、墨绿和素馨黄最强,纯白最差,但差异未达显著水平.在蚜虫性信息素荆芥内酯和荆芥醇按一定比例配制成7种茶蚜性信息素制剂对草蛉的诱集过程中,以荆芥内酯和荆芥醇之比为1:9时,对于中华草蛉和大草蛉的诱效最强,荆芥醇引诱效应显著.     

茶蚜及其天敌生态位的初步研究

茶蚜及其天敌生态位的初步研究戴轩（贵州省铜仁地区茶场松桃５５４１０２）关键词：茶蚜,天敌,生态位Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｂｌａｃｋｃｉｔｒｕｓａｐｈｉｄ;Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｅｍｙ;Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｎｉｃｈｅ茶蚜ＴｏｘｏｐｔｅｒａａｕｒｎａｎｔｉｉＦｏｎ...     

南疆地区棉蚜天敌种群动态和控制蚜害的研究

调查了棉田棉蚜主要天敌(瓢虫、草蛉、食虫蝽和蜘蛛类)的种群数量动态。棉蚜天敌在不化学防治的棉田内,能建立稳定的自然种群,对棉田前期发生早、数量多的棉蚜不能有效控制,对棉田内发生晚的棉蚜能有效的控制;在化学防治棉田内,由于用药频繁,几乎无天敌,所以无控制作用;在综合防治棉田内,能建立稳定种群结合其它辅助措施,能有效控制蚜害,经济效益显著。     

慈抗杂3号对棉田天敌种群动态的影响

转基因抗虫杂交棉慈抗杂3号由慈溪市棉科所以慈96—5为母本，WH—1为父本，于1996年配置杂交而成。1999、2000年两年参加浙江省棉花区试，2001年进入生产试验，在海盐试点表现非常突出。2003年对慈抗杂3号棉田害虫天敌种群动态的变化进行试验观察，现将初步结果整理如下。     

优乐得对假眼小绿叶蝉及其捕食性天敌种群的影响

本文就优乐得对假眼小绿叶蝉及其在捕食性天敌种群的影响进行了研究，结果表明，优乐得对假眼小绿叶蝉的防效达９５％比敌杀死，来福灵、ＤＤＶＰ提高６．７３￣５４．４９％，对捕食性天敌种群具有不同程度的选择，维持较低的害益比值，有利于天敌作用的发挥，维持其较长的残效期，降低生产成本投入。     

Bt抗虫棉与常规棉棉铃虫及其主要天敌种群动态差异

本文通过对Ｂｔ抗虫棉田、常规棉田中棉铃虫（ＨｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａＨüｂｎｅｒ）及其主要天敌种群动态的系统调查，明确了Ｂｔ抗虫棉种植面积较小时，棉铃虫卵发生动态与常规棉田无大差异；而幼虫发生动态差异显著；两类棉田棉铃虫的主要捕食性天敌发生动态无差异，而幼虫寄生天敌差异显著，Ｂｔ棉田三代卵寄生率低于常规棉田     

哈尔滨地区大豆蚜及其天敌昆虫的多年种群动态和相关性分析

为明确大豆蚜种群数量与其天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫[Propylea japonica(Thunberg)]、异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridia(Pallas)]及花蝽(Orius sp.)的田间发生情况及二者的相关性,采用对角线五点取样、借助直接观察法,对哈尔滨地区大豆蚜及上述天敌昆虫的种群动态(2008-2014年)进行了系统调查。记录各年份大豆蚜种群数量峰值及峰值日后第6天各天敌昆虫的种群数量,并对大豆蚜与天敌昆虫的发生关系进行了相关分析。结果表明:6月为大豆蚜的田间始发期,7-8月为其田间猖獗期,9月为其消亡期。在大豆蚜的始发期和猖獗期,田间均有龟纹瓢虫(成虫和幼虫)、异色瓢虫(成虫和幼虫)及花蝽(成虫和若虫)的发生。龟纹瓢虫幼虫和异色瓢虫成虫的田间种群数量与大豆蚜的种群数量间均呈现显著相关性。     

武夷山正山小种茶园害虫与天敌调查初报

武夷山自然保护区，不仅是鸟的天堂、蛇的王国、昆虫的世界，而且拥有丰富的植被类型和特殊的生态环境。“正山小种”红茶就是在这一环境内生产加工、我省唯一独特的传统外销产品。“正山小种”因其茶味浓郁、独具桂圆香味、口感醇甜而享誉海内外，尤其深受欧盟各国的欢迎。更为可贵的是“正山小种”独特的生长环境，使其完全不需要使用化肥和农药，成为当今崇     

Effect of codling moth exclusion nets on the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, and its control by natural enemies

Exclusion nets aimed at controlling populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella are increasingly used in French apple orchards. The secondary effects of these so-called Alt’Carpo nets on other apple pests have not yet been thoroughly determined. This study was carried out to evaluate whether the presence of white nets (mesh size: 3 × 7.4 mm) affects the population dynamics of the rosy apple aphid (RAA), Dysaphis plantaginea and the abundance and composition of associated arthropod communities. We surveyed 50 infested shoots on a weekly basis throughout spring in 2008 and 2009 on apple trees with or without (control) nets in one insecticide-free orchard located in south-eastern France. At three dates in 2009, the RAA infestation rate was also computed by counting the total number of infested shoots per tree. The nets were installed at three different dates during the RAA lifecycle: September (September Netting Plot (SNP)), March (March Netting Plot (MNP)) and mid-April (April Netting Plot (ANP)). The abundance of RAA in the uncovered plot in 2008 was 1.75-fold higher than in the ANP. In 2009, this abundance was 1.39-fold higher than in the ANP and MNP, and slightly lower than in the SNP (1.07-fold). The nets (MNP and SNP) decreased the number of RAA colonies present in early spring. Interestingly, the nets reduced the duration of RAA infestation by 7–10 days. The highest reduction in RAA abundance and infestation rate was observed when nets were closed during the RAA development phase (ANP). The nets significantly reduced the abundance of ants on the marked shoots, especially in the ANP compared to the control. In addition, this study showed that nets have a significant negative influence on the abundance and richness of RAA-natural enemies. There was a significant decrease in the abundance of predators but no effect on the abundance of parasitoids. Syrphidae, Forficulidae and Coccinellidae were the most abundant natural enemy groups in the uncovered plot. Netting the plots led to a pronounced decrease in Coccinellidae abundance, a slight but significant decreased in Syrphids and had no effect on earwigs. Overall, Alt’Carpo exclusion nets had a direct negative impact on RAA population dynamics especially in the presence of at least one active natural enemy per marked shoot. These promising findings suggest that the combination of physical and biological control methods has potential for regulating RAA populations in organic orchards.     

青岛花生田昆虫群落多样性及主要害虫与天敌发生动态分析

花生害虫严重危害青岛花生生产。本研究对该地区花生田昆虫群落多样性及主要害虫和天敌发生动态进行分析,结果表明：青岛地区昆虫种类丰富,群落结构较为稳定,天敌种类较为丰富。花生田主要地上害虫为花生蚜、西花蓟马、花生须峭麦蛾、斜纹夜蛾;主要天敌为异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、大灰优蚜蝇、东亚小花蝽、卷叶蛾绒茧蜂等共48种;三年发生动态结果表明：花生蚜与其天敌昆虫发生具有明显的相关性,西花蓟马天敌昆虫对西花蓟马的控制力不强,天敌昆虫对花生须峭麦蛾和斜纹夜蛾具有一定的控制力。该结果可为田间害虫防控提供理论基础。     

便携式名优茶采摘机采摘效果初步研究

名优茶“采摘难”已经成为我国主要产茶省茶叶生产中的普遍问题,亟待机械装备及工艺技术的创新性研究。以新型便携式名优茶采摘机为机械化采摘的主要设备,分别就不同采茶机采摘效果,机采叶成品茶品质,机采工效和成本等进行了初步研究。试验结果表明,新型便携式名优茶采摘机可以有效提升机采叶的完整率和优质鲜叶比例,鲜叶整体完整率可以达到70%左右;与手工采摘相比,采用该设备可以有效提高工效,节约成本。     

果圣防治茶园主要害虫药效试验

应用植物源农药0．5％果圣水剂防治茶小绿叶蝉、跗线螨田间试验，结果表明，0．5％果圣对茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨具有较好的防治效果，并且对茶叶无药害，对茶园蜘蛛等天敌安全。使用0．5％果圣250倍液防治茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨，药后7d防效分别达到94．63％、91．95％，接近对照药荆10％吡虫啉2000倍液(97．27％)和30％赛丹1000倍液(93．26％)的防治效果，是当前供茶园选择的一种较理想的替代化学农药防治茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨的药剂。     

茶饮料提取技术及其主要影响因素

茶饮料提取一般是指以水为主要溶剂将茶叶中的各种有效成分溶出的过程。茶叶提取液是茶饮料后续加工的基础，是茶饮料品质好坏的关键，因此，茶饮料提取工序是茶饮料生产中最关键的作业之一。     

世界主要产茶国农户的生产经营模式分析

一、肯尼亚茶农的生产经营现状肯尼亚是个高度依赖茶叶出口的国家,以生产红茶为主,其茶叶产量的95%用来出口,并占据全球茶叶出口市场的20%,出口茶叶获得的外汇占肯尼亚总外汇的28%。     

The influence of weeds on aphid-specific natural enemies in winter wheat

Aphid-specific predators, aphid parasitoids and aphid-pathogenic fungi were sampled in 1980 and 1981 in plots of winter wheat treated or not with herbicides. Aphids and their natural enemies were also sampled from three abundant weed species. Aphid-specific predators were scarce in both years of the study, probably because of the scarcity of cereal aphids in the experimental plots, and no significant treatment effects on this group were recored. The syrphid, Platycheirus manicatus, was the only predator recorded from the weeds. Cereal aphids and the weed aphids, Brachycaudus helichrysi and Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, were attacked by the same species of aphid-pathogenic fungi but by different parasitoids. In the first year more Sitobion avenae were infected by fungal pathogens in weedy plots than in treated plots, either because of higher humidity or because of the spread of infection from weed aphids, or a combination of both. Weed removal had little effect on those parasitoid species which attacked cereal aphids. The small populations of cereal aphids which were present in the plots were unaffected by herbicide treatments.     

茶园牧草套种技术应用及其生态效应分析

相当一段时期以来，由于片面追求短期利益，对茶园资源进行掠夺性开发利用，用地和养地相脱节，使得茶园水土流失加剧；长期缺乏科学施肥(尤其偏施氮肥)，造成茶园土壤理化性状变差，肥力下降；此外，良种与良法不配套，产生一系列茶园生态失衡问题，都严重阻碍了福建省茶业的可持续发展。实践证明，在茶园中套种牧草，不仅能够改善茶园的生态环境，具有良好的生态效益；还能提供优质的青饲料，促进我国南方畜牧业的发展，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。……     

发挥川茶优势打造茶叶出口大省

“十五”以来，是四川省茶叶产业历史上发展最快、发展质量最好的时期。全省现有产茶县（市）120多个，重点产茶县（市）30多个：2006年全省茶园面积15．53万公顷，无性系良种茶园比重提高到42%；茶叶总产量10．0万吨，其中名优茶产量3．98万吨；茶叶总产值18．0亿元，其中名优茶产值达到11．5亿元，全省茶叶质量安全水平稳步提高，70％的投产茶园通过了无公害生产基地认证，名山县、峨眉山市、洪雅县被列为全国无公害茶叶示范基地县；21家企业的79个产品获得了绿色食品证书；33家企业的1667公顷茶园获得了有机茶认证：